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S1M1-Upper Extremity
Ross University
35
Anatomy
Professional
12/10/2009

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What is the only bone that connects the axial skeleton to the upper limb skeleton?
Definition
clavicle
Term
What is the most commonly fractured bone in the body and where does it occur?
Definition
clavicle: junction of hte  middle and lateral 1/3
Term
what is the first bone to begin ostification and the last one to finish
Definition
clavicle
Term
What are the rotator cuff muscles and what is their primary purpose
Definition

S- supraspinatus

I- Infraspinatus +subscapularis

T- Teres Minor

 

Primary function: to hold the head of humerus in glenoid cavity during all movements of the shoulder

Term

 

what is cleido-cranial dysostosis

Definition
The bilateral absence of clavicle with associated anomalies of the skull
Term
axioappendicular muscles
Definition
muscles that connect the axial skeleton to the upper limb
Term
In respect to the breats, what is the most direct way to spread cancer to the vertebral column?
Definition
through the venous system of the intercostal veins
Term
What are the branches of the axillary artery?
Definition

"she tastes like sweet apple pie"

1- suprascapular

2- thoracoacromial

3- lateral thoracic

4- subscapular

5- anterior

p- posterior circumflex

Term
What are the branches of the thoracoacromial artery?
Definition

It pierces the calvipectoral fascia before giving off its branches

Pectoral

clavicular

deltoid

acromial

Term
75% of the lymphatic drainage of the breasts enters where?
Definition
central axillary lymph nodes
Term
list the order of lymphatic drainage of the breast
Definition

as it drains from the breast to axillary system:

pectoral

lateral and subscapular

central 

apical 

(if cancerous cells are found in apical lymph nodes that is the worst, shows that cancer has spread to the regional lymphatic system and may have metastisized to the rest of the body)

 

Term
How does a "winged scapula" arise
Definition

Commonly occurs after an injury to the long thoracic nerve

 

If the nerve is injured, then it affects the serratus anterior muscle which works to draw the scapular forward and oppose the function of the trapezius.

 

Since the trapezius elevates and retracts the scapula, this results in a winged scapula

 

Long thoracic nerve has contributions from C5-C6-C7

Term
Which three muscles are attached to the corracoid process?
Definition

1. pectoralis minor

2. coracobrachialis

3. short head of the biceps

Term
How to test for winged scapula
Definition
Have patient pushed against fixed object, and observe for winging.
Term
Which tendon is the most commonly ruptured in a rotator cuff injury?
Definition
Supraspinatus
Term
Name the boundaries and contents of the quadrangular space
Definition

Teres minor

teres major

long head of triceps

surgical neck of humerus

 

contents: axillary nerve, post. circumfelx humeral artery

 

Term
Name the boundaries and contents of the triangular space
Definition

Teres major

Teres minor

Long head of the triceps

 

contents: circumflex scapular artery

Term
Name the boundaries and contents of the Triangular interval
Definition

Teres major

Long head of triceps

Lateral head of the triceps/shaft of humerus

 

contents: radial nerve and profunda brachii artery

Term
polythelia
Definition
presence of extra nipple
Term
polymastia
Definition
presence of extra breasts
Term
75% of lymph drainage drains laterally to axillary lymph nodes.  What is the subsidiary drainage superiorly, medially, posteriorly, and inferiorly?
Definition

superiorly- calvicular nodes

medially- parasternal nodes and opposite breast

posteriorly- intervertebral plexus

inferiorly-phrenic

Term
boundaries of the axilla
Definition

Medial wall: uppe ribs/ inercostal muscles/ serratus anterior muscles

lateral wall: humerus

posterior wall: subscapularis, teres major, and latissimus dorsi

anterior wall: pec major and minor

base: axillary fascia

apex: interval between the clavicle, scapula, and first rib

Term
Brachial plexus
Definition

 

[image]file:///Users/michelledon/Desktop/Picture%203.png

 

Term

Long thoracic nerve 

(brachial plexus)

root? Motor deficit? sensory deficit?

Definition

Root: C5,6,7

Motor deficit: winged scapula-serratus anterior

sensory deficit: none

Term

Suprascapular Nerve

Root? Motor deficit? Sensory deficit?

Definition

Root: C5,6

 

Motor deficit: hard to start shoulder abduction-supraspinatus

 

sensory: none

Term

Axillary nerve

Root? motor deficit? Sensory deficit?

Definition

Root: C5,6

 

Motor deficit: difficult abducting arm to horizontal-deltoid loss of shoulder roundness

 

sensory deficit: lateral side of arm below point of shoulder

Term

Musculocutaneous

Root? motor deficit? sensory deficit?

 

Definition

Root: C5,6,7

 

Motor deficit: weakened shoulder flexion-biceps and coarcobrachialis very weak flexion of elbow joint

-biceps and brachialis weak supination of radioulnar joint-biceps

 

sensory: lateral forearm

Term

Radial nerve

Root? Motor deficit? Sensory Deficit?

Definition

root: C5,6,7,8,T1

 

motor deficit: Drop wrist-extensor carpi radialis longus, and brevis, ext. carpi ulanaris

Difficulty making a fist-synergy between wrist extensor and finger flexors

weakness in supination of forearm-supinator muscle

 

Sensory deficit: posterior lateral and arm, dorsum of hand

Term

Median nerve

Root? Motor deficit? sensory deficit?

Definition

Root: C5,6,7,8, T1

 

Motor deficit: 

-Ape hand-thub hyperextended and adducted thenar muscles (at wrist and elbow)

-Weakened opposition of thumb-thenar muscles (at wrist and elbow)

-papal hand- loss of flexion of I.P. joints of thumb and fingers 1&2-fl. policis longus, fl. digitorum superficialis, fl. digitorum profundus

 

Sensory deficit: radial portion of palm, palmer surface and tips of radial 3 1/2 digits

-

Term

Ulnar nerve

Root? Motor deficit? sensory deficit?

Definition

Root: C8, T1

 

Motor deficit: 

-claw fingers- 

-loss of abduction and adduction of MP joints of fingers, interossei

 

sensory deficit: ulnar and dorsal aspect of palm and ulnar 1 1/2 digits

Term
What type of injury results when the posterior cord is affected?
Definition

crutch palsy, paralysis of the arm.  Results in loss infunction of the extensors of the arm, forearm and hand = wrist drop

Term
injury to axillary nerve
Definition

caused by a fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus or inferior dislocation of hte humerus.  Weakness of lateral rotation and abduction of the arm

 

(supraspinatus can still abduct, but not to the horizontal level)

Term
What happens with an upper trunk injury to brachial plexus
Definition

ERb-duchenne palsy

-loss of abduction, flexion, and lateral rotation of the arm

= Waiters tip

Term
Lower trunk injury to brachial plexus
Definition

klumpkes paralysis

 

CLaw hand

 

what else causes claw hand: injury to ulnar nerve

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