Term
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Definition
• He made men shave their beards
• Act like Europeans
• Restructured governments
• European-styled city
• Started a state form of transportation
• Tax collection |
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Term
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Definition
•Promoted economic development
• Ends torture
• Fairer courts
• More rights
• Expands Russia |
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Term
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Definition
| Russia wanting to change their culture to emulate the successful western societies by dressing, acting like them, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
• Established by czars
• Absolute monarchs
• The Czars have absolute authority |
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Term
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Definition
• Russia tried to establish a protectorate over the Ottoman empire because they wanted to gain access to the Mediterranean for more trade opportunities
• Russia lost
• The tsar was blamed
• The first instance where doubt was placed upon the government. |
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Term
| Factors that led the revolution in 1917 |
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Definition
• Unhappy peasants, serfs, and workers
• Revolutionaries/radicals
• Weak tsar/government
• Failure of Duma |
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Term
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Definition
• Tsar of Russia who abolished the institution of serfdom
• Launched a program of political and social reform
• Assassinated by the People’s Will |
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Term
| Peasant/serfs reactions to freeing of serfs |
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Definition
| • They were disappointed because the serfs were unable to prosper in society |
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Term
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Definition
• Workers and peasants wanted a say in government. They went to St. Petersburg and petitioned. The guards came out. Something happened to make a guard angry, and 130 people ended up dying
• Uproar
• Nicholas II establishes Duma, but he can ignore the Duma
• This doesn’t answer the problem |
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Term
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Definition
| • Pacifier that made the Russians think they had a say |
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Term
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Definition
| Radicals who led the Russian Revolution |
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Term
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Definition
| head of the Bolshevik party |
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Term
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Definition
| • In charge of Bolshevik propaganda and information. He was in charge of the image of the party |
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Term
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Definition
| Leader of the Red army. In charge of the Bolshevik’s military |
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Term
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Definition
• Russia holds elections.
• The Bolsheviks were hoping to take control through election.
• They didn’t win the majority of the seats
• Lenin decides to lead a revolution
• Bolsheviks shut down the Duma and take control of the government (coups de ta) |
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Term
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Definition
• Communist/Bolshevik/red army vs. white army (anti-Communist groups)
• In order to fight civil war, Lenin has to get all the resources behind the red army
• This was a total war
• The red army had an easier time fighting because they were all united
• The red army wins |
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Term
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Definition
• The state took control the factories and appointed managers to run them. Work was hard and long, food was rationed to only those who worked and trade unions were banned
• To get enough food, the Cheka seized all surplus grain from the peasants the peasants hid food or preferred to grow less rather than give it away free to feed the towns.
• Drought and famine hit Russia in 1921
• In order to fight civil war, Lenin has to get all the resources behind the red army
• This was a total war |
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Term
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Definition
• New Economic Policy
• Set up by Lenin
• Allowed for small businesses and peasants to have private ownership and to sell their surplus on the open market |
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Term
| Short Answer: Know the factors that led to Revolution in 1917 |
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Definition
• Unhappy peasants, serfs, and workers
• Revolutionaries/radicals
• Weak tsar/government
• Failure of Duma |
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Term
| Short Answer: Be prepared to articulate how Lenin dealt with the economic problems from war communism |
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Definition
•His New Economic Policy (NEP) allowed for small businesses and peasants to have private ownership and to sell their surplus on the open market
• He wants to get economy on his feet and then return to communism |
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Term
| Short Answer: Be prepared to explain how Peter the Great made Russia “western.” |
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Definition
• Sent Russian observers on a tour of Germany, the Netherlands, and England to learn about western European administrative methods and military technology
• Better pay for soldiers and drafted peasants
• People studied math for more accurate shooting
• Tax collection and improve administrative efficiency
• Ordered western fashions to be worn and beards to be cut |
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Term
| Short Answer: Be prepared to explain how made Catherine the Great Russia “western.” |
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Definition
| • Divided empire into 50 provinces • Improved conditions of peasants • Sought to eliminate torture, beating, etc. • Promoted economic development • Fairer courts • Expands Russia • More rights to the people |
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Term
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Definition
| Natural periods of economic growth |
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Term
| Latin American Agriculture |
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Definition
| Latin America is in a bust period. Their economy was booming during WWI because Europe had no time to be growing their own food. Now Europe is growing its own food so Latin America has all this excess food and no one to buy it |
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Term
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Definition
| Germany printing so much money that it became useless |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Germany owed France and Great Britain war reparations, and Great Britain and France needed to pay back loans to the US. The US loans Germany money with the idea that Germany would pay them back and FR and GB would pay back loans, but Germany didn’t pay the US back. |
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Term
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Definition
• Governments responded to the economic crisis in 2 ways:
o Initially, they did noting
Capitalism
Hoped things would solve themselves
o Deflationary measures
Balancing budgets
Curtailing public spending
o Everything the government did worsened the conditions
o Capitalism appeared to be dying |
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Term
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Definition
| People were buying things without money to purchase them (credit) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
• Raised duties on most manufactured products to prohibitive level
• Resulted in a sharp drop in international trade |
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Term
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Definition
• One of the most influential economist of the twentieth century
• "The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money"
o His answer to central problem of depression: millions of people who were willing to work couldn’t find jobs
o The cause of the depression wasn’t excessive supply, it was inadequate demand |
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulate economy by increasing money supply |
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Term
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Definition
• Legislation designed to prevent the collapse of the banking system
• Provide jobs and farm subsidies
• Give workers the right to organize and bargain collectively
• Guarantee minimum wages
• Provide social security to the old |
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Term
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Definition
| Helped end the Great Depression |
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Term
| Short Answer: Be prepared to explain the causes of the Global Depression |
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Definition
• Causes for men losing jobs
o Economic contraction
o Economic trends
o Government policy causing women to lose their jobs
• Employers preferred women workers
o Women were paid less
• Government enacted policy to reduce women employment |
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Term
| Short Answer: Be prepared to explain the two reactions of countries to the Global Depression |
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Definition
• Doing nothing
o Capitalism
o Hoped things would solve themselves
• Deflationary measures
o Balancing budgets
o Curtailing public spending |
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Term
| Short Answer: Be prepared to explain the Dawes plan and the problems it caused |
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Definition
| Germany owed France and Great Britain war reparations, and Great Britain and France needed to pay back loans to the US. The US loans Germany money with the idea that Germany would pay them back and FR and GB would pay back loans, but Germany didn’t pay the US back. |
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