Term
| Which lung is larger in ruminants? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which lung lobe is the first affected by bacterial pneumonia? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of mediastinum does the cow have? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the shock organ of the body in bovids? |
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Definition
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Term
| Cows have _____% of lung volume per unit body weight. |
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Definition
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Term
| Cows have _____% of alveolar surface area. |
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Definition
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Term
| Cows have _____% resting tidal volume & _____% airflow rate. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the normal adult bovine respiratory rate? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 4 things that will affect symmetry of air flow from the nostrils. |
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Definition
| Choanal atresia, Nasal tumors, Sinus infections, Facial fx |
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Term
| What can cause odor from the nares and mouth? |
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Definition
| Nasal/sinus tumors & infections, Diseased lung |
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Term
| What parts of the respiratory tract contribute to sound generation? |
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Definition
| Larynx to segmental bronchi |
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Term
| What can cause crackles on respiratory auscultation? |
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Definition
| Pneumonia, Interstitial Fibrosis, Chronic Obstructive Lung dz, CHF, Atelectasis |
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Term
| Will this increase or decrease bronchovesicular sounds? Thick body wall |
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Definition
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Term
| Will this increase or decrease bronchovesicular sounds? Pleural Fluid |
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Definition
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Term
| Will this increase or decrease bronchovesicular sounds? Mass in pleural space |
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Definition
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Term
| Will this increase or decrease bronchovesicular sounds? Pneumothorax |
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Definition
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Term
| Will this increase or decrease bronchovesicular sounds? Consolidated lung |
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Definition
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Term
| Will this increase or decrease bronchovesicular sounds? Lung mass |
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Definition
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Term
| Will this increase or decrease bronchovesicular sounds? Pulmonary emphysema |
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Definition
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Term
| Will this increase or decrease bronchovesicular sounds? Thin body wall |
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Definition
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Term
| Will this increase or decrease bronchovesicular sounds? Rapid respirations |
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Definition
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Term
| Will this increase or decrease bronchovesicular sounds? Deep respirations |
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Definition
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Term
| Will this increase or decrease bronchovesicular sounds? Pulmonary inflammation |
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Definition
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Term
| Will this increase or decrease bronchovesicular sounds? Pulmonary edema |
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Definition
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Term
| What is transtracheal aspiration used for? |
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Definition
| Retrieving fluid for culture (represents overall condition of the lung) |
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Term
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Definition
| Cellular constituency of the lung (specific region of one lobe) |
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Term
| In which lobe is the endoscope usually placed for BAL? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the best Dx work-up for pneumonia in cattle? |
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Definition
| TTW Culture & Sensitivity |
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Term
| What is usually the causative agent of mycotic nasal granuloma? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does allergic rhinitis usually occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| In what breeds is allergic rhinitis more commonly seen? |
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Definition
| Channel breeds (Jersey, Guernsey); Fresian |
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Term
| Name 4 common causes of sinusitis in cattle. |
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Definition
Dehorning (Frontal Sinus)
Infected tooth (Maxillary sinus)
Extension of Actinomyces or nasal tumor into a sinus
Injuries to the horn, Facial fx |
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Term
| Does sinusitis affect more cattle or small ruminants? |
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Definition
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Term
| At what age does the horn open into the frontal sinus? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which CrN is the zygomaticotemporal a branch of? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Flush the sinus, Parenteral Penicillin |
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Term
| What is pharyngeal trauma most commonly associated with? |
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Definition
| Careless use of balling guns |
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Term
| In the Tx of pharyngeal trauma & abscesses, what Abx are best? |
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Definition
| Penicillin, Oxytetracycline |
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Term
| What is the causative agent of necrotic laryngitis? |
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Definition
| Fusobacterium necrophorum |
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Term
| In the Tx of calf diphtheria, what systemic Abx are used? |
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Definition
| Sulfonamides, Procaine Penicillin, Oxytetracycline |
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Term
| In feedlots, 2/3 cattle dying do so as a result of _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the viral components of BRD? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the viral causes of bronchopneumonia? |
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Definition
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Term
| Bronchopneumonia --> _____ consolidation of the lung |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the viral causes of interstitial pneumonia? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is considered to be the most important single cause of respiratory dz in cattle? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the virulence factors of Mannheimia? |
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Definition
| Endotoxin, Leukotoxin, Fimbriae |
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Term
| What does Mannheimia leukotoxin act against? |
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Definition
| Alveolar macrophages & neutrophils |
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Term
| What is the mortality rate of Mannheimia hemolytica pneumonia? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What type of pneumonia does Mannheimia cause? |
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Definition
| Fibrinous bronchopneumonia |
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Term
| What is used to Dx M. hemolytica pneumonia? |
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Definition
| Culture of tracheal wash specimens collected from acute, untreated cattle |
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Term
| Where is the majority of lung hepatization w/ M. hemolytica? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is seen on CBC in acute M. hemolytica pneumonia? |
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Definition
| Leukopenia, characterized by neutropenia w/ Lt shift |
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Term
| What is the causative agent of Enzootic Calf Pneumonia? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is a major contributing factor to the development of enzootic calf pneumonia? |
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Definition
| Poor ventilation; Housing calves w/ adult cattle |
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Term
| What type of pneumonia does P. multocida cause? |
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Definition
| Purulent bronchopneumonia |
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Term
|
Definition
| Calves with chronic lung infections w/ decreased wt gain & ill thrift |
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Term
| Is the severity of CS in calves more severe w/ M. hemolytica or P. multocida? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What type of pneumonia is caused by H. somni? |
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Definition
| Acute fulminant pneumonia OR Chronic pneumonia |
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Term
| Mycoplasma bovis is typically isolated in cases of ____, ____, ____, and ____ in ruminants. |
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Definition
| Pneumonia, Septic arthritis, Otitis media, Mastitis |
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Term
| What is the proposed mechanism of M. bovis wrt WBCs? |
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Definition
| Impairs neutrophil activity; Causes lymphocytes to undergo apoptosis |
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Term
| What type of necrosis does M. bovis cause? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How is M. bovis diagnosed in a herd outbreak? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is seen with M. bovis wrt Abx? |
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Definition
| Does not respond well to most Abx |
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Term
| CS of fog fever are limited exclusively to _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the initial offending agent in fog fever? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is essential for producing the pathogenic effects of L-tryptophan? |
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Definition
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Term
| What occurs in the rumen with the initial offending ingredient of fog fever? |
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Definition
| Lactobacillus converts L-tryptophan to 3-methylindole |
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Term
| What is administered to prevent Fog Fever? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the causative agent of TB in cattle? |
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Definition
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Term
| Zoonotic TB infection in humans occurs mainly through _____; therefore _____ is important for prevention. |
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Definition
| Consumption of infected milk; Pasteurization |
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|
Term
| What should always arouse suspicion of TB? |
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Definition
| Progressive emaciation unassociated w/ other CS |
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Term
| When is the SID test read? |
|
Definition
| 72 hours after tuberculin injection |
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Term
|
Definition
| Single intradermal test w/ injection of tuberculin into Cd fold |
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|
Term
| What is done if a cow tests positive for the TB SID test? |
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Definition
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