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| a form of government in which power is in the hands of representatives and leaders are elected by the people |
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| in ancient Rome, a member of the wealthy, privileged upper class |
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| in ancient Rome, one of the common farmers, artisans, and merchants who made up most of the population |
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| in ancientRome, an official elected by the plebeians to protect their rights |
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| in the Roman republic, one of the two powerful officials elected each year to command the army and direct the government |
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| in ancient Rome, the supreme governing body, originally made up only of aristocrats |
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| in ancient Rome, a political leader given absolute power to make laws and command the army for a limited time |
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| a military unit of the ancient Roman army, made up of about 5,000 foot soldiers and a group of soldiers on horseback |
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| a Carthaginian general who was a brilliant military strategist who assembled an army to invade Rome in order to avenge Carthage's defeat during the First Punic War |
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| a military leader (who admired Hannibal's war tactics) that came up with a plan to attack Carthage, forcing Hannibal to retreat into defense which eventually resulted in Carthage's defeat |
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| a conflict between two political groups within the same country |
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| a leader that brought order to Rome after its first civil war; will later rule within a triumvirate then gain dictatorship for life |
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| in ancient Rome, a group of three leaders sharing control of the government |
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| a ruler who has total power |
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| Julius Caesar's grand-nephew and adopted son, Octavian Augustus. Augustus means "exalted one" ; his rule was the beginning of the Pax Romana |
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| a period of peace and prosperity throughout the Roman Empire, lasting from 27 B.C. to A.D 180 |
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| in ancient Rome, one of the professional fighters who engaged in battles to the death in public arenas |
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| began his public ministry at 30 and spread his teachings to Jews which eventually developed into the religion of Christianity; believed to have been the Messiah or the Jews' savior |
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| one of the followers of Jesus who preached and spread his teachings |
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| the first apostle that spread the teachings of Jesus throughout Palestine and Syria after he had died and gone to heaven |
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| an apostle (Hebrew name was Saul) that preached from city to city during the Pax Romana and wrote Epistles to Jesus' followers; stressed that Jesus died for people's sins |
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| the dispersal of the Jews from their homeland in Palestine-- especially during the period of more than 1,800 years that followed the Roman's destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem in A.D. 70 |
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| a high-ranking Christian official who supervises a number of local churches |
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| the bishop of Rome, head of the Roman Catholic Church |
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| Roman emperor that declared Christianity as an approved religion after believing he received divine help in a battle with his biggest rival; brought order to disputes about Christianity by having the Nicene Creed written, defining the basic beliefs of the Church |
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| religious beliefs or opinions that differ from the official teachings of a Christian church |
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| a decline in the value of money, accompanied by a rise in the prices of goods and services |
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| a soldier who is paid to fight in a foreign army |
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| a Roman emperor that slowed the decline of the empire through strict reforms that limited personal freedoms |
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| city of Constantine; the new capital in Byzantium named after Emperor Constantine (moved from Rome) |
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| king of the Visigoths; led tribe to put Rome under siege then plundered it for three days |
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| leader of the Huns that terrorized the Roman Empire |
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| an ancient culture that developed from a blending of Greek, Hellenistic, and Roman cultures |
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| a Roman town destroyed by Mount Vesuvius' eruption in A.D. which killed 2,000 people but preserved buildings and art in ash |
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| Roman poet that wrote Aeneid, the epic of Aeneas |
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| Roman historian that presented facts accurately in works like Annals and Histories |
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| a pipeline or channel built to carry water to populated areas |
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