Term
| How much blood can you safely take from a rat/mouse? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the correct site for injecting IP fluids: |
|
Definition
-midway between tail and umbilicus
-L quadrant to avoid cecum
-30 degree angle |
|
|
Term
| How should you restrain a rodent for gavage? |
|
Definition
-firmly restrain with neck outstretched
-grasp mandible between thumb and forefinger |
|
|
Term
| T/F: The gavage needle should not be lubricated before passing it into the esophagus. |
|
Definition
| FALSE- lube with small amount of sterile water |
|
|
Term
| What can happen if you rotate the gavage needle while passing it into the stomach? |
|
Definition
| can rupture the esophagus |
|
|
Term
| How to properly perform venipuncture of the lateral tail vein: |
|
Definition
-place tail in warm water
-swab with alcohol
-apply pressure to base of tail to occlude vein
-enter 1/3 to 1/2 distance down tail from body |
|
|
Term
| How to properly perform a retro-orbital bleed: |
|
Definition
-hold eyelids open with one hand
-dorsolateral approach, place capillary tube at site slightly dorsal to canthus
-gently rotate and advance tube through conjunctival membrane |
|
|
Term
| Name of the scientific family containing mice and rats? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Scientific name for mouse? For rat? |
|
Definition
Mus musculus
Rattus norvegicus |
|
|
Term
| Common outbred strains of mice and rats: |
|
Definition
OUTBRED MICE:
-Swiss Webster
-CD-1
-ICR
RATS:
-Wistar
-Sprague-Dawley
-Long Evans |
|
|
Term
| Common inbred strains of mice and rats: |
|
Definition
MICE:
-DBA
-BALB/C
-New Zealand white or black
-C57BL
-C3H
RATS:
-Fischer344 (F344)
-Lewis
-Spontaneously Hypertensive (SHR)
-Wistar-Kyoto (WKY)
-Buffalo (BUF) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common outbred mouse strain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-inbred mouse
-oldest inbred strain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is New Zealand white or black? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-inbred mouse
-strain 6: idiopathic ulcerative dermatitis (IUD) |
|
|
Term
| What is IUD? What strain/stock gets it? |
|
Definition
-Idiopathic Ulcerative Dermatitis
-C57BL strain 6 (inbred mouse) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-inbred mouse
-agouti
-highly susceptible to anthrax |
|
|
Term
| What strain/stock is highly susceptible to anthrax? |
|
Definition
| C3H, an inbred mouse strain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| brown fur with black ticks |
|
|
Term
| Common F1 hybrids of mice and rats: |
|
Definition
MICE:
-B6D2F1
-CD2F1
RATS:
-none! |
|
|
Term
| Common mutant strains of mice and rats: |
|
Definition
MICE:
-SCID (Severe Combined Immunodeficient)
-Nu/nu (Athymic nude mice)
RATS:
-Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF)
-Athymic nude rat
-P53 Knockout
-RIP-HAT |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transgenics and knock-outs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (mutant mice) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Athymic nude (mutant mice) |
|
|
Term
| Cannibalism in mice and rats: |
|
Definition
MICE
-will occur if stressed
RATS
-will occur only with unhealthy young |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Fischer344
-inbred rat
-animal model for testicular tumors, leukemia, and retinal degeneration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Spontaneously Hypertensive
-inbred rat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-inbred rat
-control for SHR |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Buffalo
-inbred rat
-Hashimoto's Dz = immune-mediated thyroid Dz |
|
|
Term
| Most albino rats originated from... |
|
Definition
-wild Norway rat
-Rattus norvegicus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Zucker Diabetic Fatty
-mutant rat
-weigh 400-600g
-diabetic by 12wks of age |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Baby mice and rats are called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pups have transparent skin, so you can see milk in the gut, indicates good health |
|
|
Term
| Reproductive style of female rats and mice: |
|
Definition
-polyestrous
-post-partem estrus 24 hrs after parturition
-length of estrus 4-5 days |
|
|
Term
| Rats and mice reach sexual maturity at what age? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Normal posture when awake? and asleep? |
|
Definition
-all 4 feet on the floor; eyes/ears alert
-may curl head under body during sleep |
|
|
Term
| Signs of stress/pain in mice and rats? |
|
Definition
-most obvious= decreased food/water intake and thus decreased urination/defecation
-dehydration = skin turgor, sunken eyes
-piloerection / scruffy coat
-chromodacryorrhea
-original rxn may be aggression, self mutilation, +/- vocalization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-dominant animals chew fur esp around face of subordinate animals
-okay to an extent |
|
|
Term
| Scientific term for "red tears"? Where do they come from? |
|
Definition
| chromodacryorrhea - harderian gland behind eyes |
|
|
Term
| Which of these is not a true gland: Harderian gland or Hibernating gland? |
|
Definition
| hibernating "gland", just brown fat between shoulder blades of hibernating animals |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the hibernating gland? |
|
Definition
| non-shivering thermoregulatory mechanism |
|
|
Term
| What disease has not yet been found inside US labs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
RATS
-wild rodent reservoir, most wild rat pops infected
-transmitted via bites, aerosols, direct contact, ingestion of contam. food/water
-zoonotic: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) |
|
|
Term
| What causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Disease common in pet and conventionally housed rats: |
|
Definition
| SDA/RCV (sialodacryoadenitis, rat corona virus) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
RATS
-common in pet/conventionally housed
-high morbidity, low mortality
-keratoconjunctivitis, cervical/jaw swelling
-can treat KCS but usu. resolves on its own |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
RATS/MICE
-Paramyxoviridae
-highly contagious aerosol
-most common cause of resp. Dz in mice
-subclinical/latent in rats (+stress can be fatal)
-can be latent in mice
-CS in mice: weight loss, rough hair coat, dyspnea, teeth chattering, conjunctivitis |
|
|
Term
| #1 cause of respiratory Dz in lab mice? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Disease that causes subclinical or latent infections in rats, but in mice causes CS including teeth chattering and conjunctivitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
RATS/MICE
-several rat strains, usu. subclinical
-MPV (mouse parvovirus) and MMV (mouse minute virus - affects immune system) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mouse Minute Virus - affects immune system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Infectious Diarrhea of Infant Rats |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Epizootic Diarrhea of Infant Mice |
|
|
Term
| Baby rats and mice are susceptible to a similar disease with two different names. What are they? |
|
Definition
-IDIR: Infectious Diarrhea of Infant Rats
-EDIM: Epizootic Diarrhea of Infant Mice |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Infectious Diarrhea of Infant Rats
-rotavirus
-soft, yellow feces or dried feces around anus |
|
|
Term
| Disease caused by a rotavirus: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Murine Respiratory Mycoplasmosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Murine Respiratory Mycoplasmosis
RAT/MICE
-Mycoplasma pulmonis
-conventional / pet rat
-CS: snuffling, nasal/ocular discharge, head tilt/circling (concurrent otitis externa)
-often concurrent with other Dz's (Sendai, cilia-associated respiratory bacillus [CAR]) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cilia-Associated Respiratory bacillus |
|
|
Term
| Disease in rats that causes snuffling and usually responds well to Baytril? |
|
Definition
| MRM (Murine Respiratory Mycoplasmosis) |
|
|
Term
| Tyzzer's is caused by what microorganism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Mycoplasma piliforme
-recently weaned, immunosuppressed, poor husbandry
-CS: diarrhea, dehydration, anorexia |
|
|
Term
| Why are mites hard to treat in mice and rats? |
|
Definition
| -they're sensitive to neurotoxic effects of ivermectin |
|
|
Term
| Common lab rat disease caused by a fungus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-fungal pathogen
-common lab rat Dz
-pneumonia; severity depends on immune status |
|
|
Term
| What kind of tapes do rats get? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-rat tapeworm
-zoonotic
-euthanasia :L |
|
|
Term
| Species of mite that rats get: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Disease that is very common in colonies and is hard to eradicate? |
|
Definition
| mites - Radfordia ensifera |
|
|
Term
| Another term for pinworms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common species of rat pinworm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most common species of rat pinworm |
|
|
Term
| Most common nematode of mice? |
|
Definition
| pinworms - Syphacia and Aspiculuris |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common type of neoplasia in rats? |
|
Definition
| mammary; usu. doesn't metastasize but does recur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-reported in every organ
-strain dependent
-mammary tumors up to 50% in Sprague-Dawley
-Zymbal's gland: locally invasive but not metastatic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chronic Progressive Glomerulonephropathy |
|
|
Term
| Sprague-Dawley rats are particularly susceptible to what sort of neoplasia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Chronic Progressive Glomerulonephropathy
-kidney Dz in aged rats
-strain dependent
-higher incidence in males |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| necrotic constrictions of the tail due to high temp and low humidity |
|
|
Term
| Term for a condition of a rat's tail caused by high temp and low humidity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Term for bad rodent teeth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
MICE
-aerosol, bite, arthropod transmission
-also seen in hamsters, chinchillas, NHPs, Gpigs
-zoonotic: meningitis in people |
|
|
Term
| Helicobacter makes mice vulnerabe to... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
MICE
-coronavirua
-highly contagious
-one of the most common viruses in research |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Murine Norovirus
MICE
-high mortality
-encephalitis, pneumonia, hepatitis |
|
|
Term
| What diseases can be found in both rats and mice? |
|
Definition
-Sendai virus
-parvoviruses
-IDIR/EDIM
-MRM
-Tyzzer's
-mites
-pinworms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| go into heat 24 hours after parturition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| females synchronize estrous cycle when introduced to a strange male |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| scent of strange male causes females to spontaneously abort |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lack of males induce anestrous or pseudopregnancy |
|
|
Term
| Term for when female mice synchronize estrous cycles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Term for when female mice spontaneously abort after introduction to a strange male? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Term for when female mice go into anestrous because there are no males present? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How to properly restrain a mouse? A rat? |
|
Definition
Mouse: grip base of tail, pull mouse backward to distract, grab lots of scruff
Rat: scruff, hot dog hold, decapitating cone |
|
|
Term
| You can get a blood sample from the ______ by using a microcapillary tube at the eye canthus. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Instead of using fingers to grip the base of a mouse tail for short-term restraint, one may use ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acceptable longer-term methods of restraint for mice (from the video): |
|
Definition
-1 or 2 hand scruff
-head-first or tail-first plexiglass restrainers
-plastic bags |
|
|
Term
| Watch for ____ when restraining a rodent by the scruff. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How can you encourage a mouse to enter a head-first restraint? |
|
Definition
-cover so it's dark
-let go of scruff right by the entrance |
|
|
Term
| What must you monitor when a rodent is in a plexiglass restrainer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is it a good idea to put ID #s on a cage card in addition to directly on the animal? |
|
Definition
-tags can fall off
-ink can smudge
-punched pinna can tear
etc |
|
|
Term
| What happens if ear punches are done too close to the ear canal (ie far away from edge of pinna)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How to perform microchipping of a mouse: |
|
Definition
| anesthesia, shave/pluck, scrub, inject, can use surgical glue |
|
|
Term
| Indelible markers last about ___. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How to properly perform a tail snip? |
|
Definition
-10-15 day-old pup
-5mm or less of distal tail
-topical hypothermic or anesthesia
-glue, silver nitrate, or pressure on wound
-PCR to rapid screen
-begin with sterile instruments and sanitize in between cages |
|
|
Term
| Aside from tail snip, what are other methods of genotyping? |
|
Definition
-blood for some transgenics
-hair
-saliva
-feces |
|
|
Term
| 6 different injection routes: |
|
Definition
-IM point to caudal thigh
-SQ in scruff
-ID 50 microliters/site max
-IV pre-warm 85-90F, mid-distal tail, don't aspirate
-IP lower R quandrant at 30 degree angle
-oral gavage |
|
|
Term
| When injecting a fluid into the tail vein, how do you know that you have the needle correctly placed? |
|
Definition
-DON'T aspirate or vein will collapse
-vein blanches as you inject if correct |
|
|
Term
| Survival method/s of blood collection: |
|
Definition
-lateral tail vein
-retro-orbital sinus
-saphenous??? for rats at least |
|
|
Term
| Non-survival method/s of blood collection: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common complication of anesthesia: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What must you do before placing a recovering rodent back in their cage? |
|
Definition
| place on gauze or paper towel so they don't inhale bedding |
|
|
Term
| What group is more resistant to anesthesia? |
|
Definition
|
|
