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| Christopher Columbus, 1492, quicker route to Asia for the trade market, persuaded Queen Isabella (Spanish) to give him 3 ships, the Santa Marina, Pinta, Nina |
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| First Settlements in the Americas |
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| Spanish settlements, St. Augustine and Santa Fe |
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| Purpose of the Expeditions |
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| Gain Resources (Gold, silver, to gain wealth, diamonds, bronze) and to Convert Native American's to Christianity and put their faith in the Pope of Rome |
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| Most famous French explorer, searched the St. Lawrence River, founded New France at Gaspee, founded Quebec in 1608, developed the Fur Trade |
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| First founded by Jaques Cartier, sent by Francis the First to find a passage way between the Atlantic and Pacific ocean, instead found the St. Lawrence River and named it New France |
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| Loyal people to Elizabeth I, searched Atlantic to pirate Spanish treasure ships. Sir Francis Drake was the boldest and stole all yearly silver shipment from Peru to Spain |
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| King Philip of Spain in 1588, Elizabeth denied marriage to him "Married to her country" |
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| Result of the Spanish Armada |
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| English won b/c they were able to maneuver the small ships during the storm that scattered the Spanish fleets |
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| First to attempt settlement in North America. Founded Roanoke (North Carolina), English poet, aristocrat, soldier, spy and explorer. Well known for popularizing |
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| First settlement in the Americas. Highly unsuccessful. Founded by Queen Elizabeth and Sir Walter Raleigh. All soldiers were sent back because of the war with the Spanish. No one could go back to resupply them for 3 years. When they went back, no one was there and all that was left was the word Croatoan on an old tree. |
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| Created by the Plymouth and London Company during James I reign. Focused on finding gold which left everything else to the side (finding food, clothing, shelter) Saved by John Smith who took control of the colony and gave everyone jobs and punishments when the job was not complete. |
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| Discovered Jamestown was a good place to grow Tobacco. Ensured survival of the colony. Tobacco led to first slave trade in 1619. |
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| German Monk who wrote 90 theses talking about protestant reformation |
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| Classes of people who felt the Church had not succeeded in reforming their standards. Travelled to new colonies after being threatened by Charles I. Given charters from King Charles to set up in the Massachusetts Bay Company. |
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| Joint Stock Company Colonies |
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| Company who's owners hold shares in the stock. Raleigh created this in Jamestown. Included Plymouth, London and Massachusetts Bay Company. |
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| Given out by the King to individuals or small groups. Maryland, New York, New Jersey, Carolinas, Georgia and Pennsylvania. |
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| Profits were given to English Crown. King appointed governors, councils, eligible voters would vote lower house of the assembly. |
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| Raised just enough crops to feed families (subsistence), Self Sufficient living clusters in town. Founded by Church Congregations who surveyed land/divided into lots. Diverse economy. People depended on others for trade. Fishing, timber and fur trade. Social class determined by clothing. School for clothing |
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| Economically diverse, religiously tolerant, isolated communities. Rich farmland that took backbreaking work (Wheat, Barley, corn, rye, flax, potatoes etc...) English, Dutch, Swedish, German, Scottish and Irish. Common not to leave their farms unless it was Sunday. Mennonites, Jewish, Presbyterians and Quakers. Fertile crops for food to grow. |
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| Contrasting geographical locations. Mountains in the west. Flat coastal plains in the Piedmont region. German, Scotch Irish, French and English. Rich soil and dense forest area. Farming was not really possible. Plantations grew Indigo if they were rich. created by Elizabeth Pinckney. Catholics and Anglican's. Rich families lived on Plantations with slaves. Lived distinct lives. |
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| Many religions in the area (Anglican, Catholic, Christian, Puritan and Protestant), Many people used Church to help them get used to their new lives. Great Awakening in 30's and 40's of the 1700's allowed for religious revivals. |
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Schooling allowed for people to be able to read the bible
Laws that made colonies maintain grammar schools
Prepared men for college with classical subjects
Religious ministers (North) and Tutors (south) |
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| Occurred between 1754 and 1763 (Included the 7 years war) French + Indians vs. British. |
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| The King of England forced the colonists to trade ONLY with England and use only English or Colonial ships. |
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| Four countries that claimed parts of North America in 1753. |
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| Spain, France, England, and the Netherlands |
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| Reason why The French and Indian War began |
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| Both France and England wanted to benefit from the fur trade in the Ohio Valley |
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| The two sides involved in the French and Indian War |
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| France and Native Americans vs. English and Colonists |
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| Reasons why the Native Americans sided with the French |
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| They were a stronger military force and had been friendlier towards them |
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| This country joined France |
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| This country won the French and Indian War |
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| Condition of the Treaty of Paris |
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| France must give up ALL land claims in North America (except New Orleans). Canada and Land up to the Mississippi river would go to the colonies. Spain gives up Florida. France gives Spain all land West of the Mississippi River. |
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| England emerges as the most powerful country with the most powerful navy. |
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| Reason King passed the Proclamation of 1763 |
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| Unhappy Native Americans attacked the colonists |
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| Law passed by the King of England that gave Ohio Valley back to the Native Americans and did not allow colonists to settle west of the Appalachian Mountains. |
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| Reason for King to raise taxes |
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| To help pay for the French and Indian War |
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| Acts passed by the King to pay for the French and Indian War |
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| The only piece of land that France did not give up under the Treaty of Paris. |
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| What was the Albany Congress? |
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| A meeting of delegates from seven American colonies, held in 1754 at Albany, New York, at which Benjamin Franklin proposed a plan (Albany Plan of Union) for unifying the colonies. Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island |
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| What were the results of the Albany Congress? |
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| Precursor to the Constitution. They did conclude a treaty with the tribes represented, but the treaty failed to secure peace with all the Native American tribes during the French and Indian War. |
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