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Review for Final
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319
Anatomy
Graduate
01/13/2015

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Briefly describe muscle contraction
Definition

1) Action potential generated 

2) Action potential triggers Ca2 release

3) Ca binds to tropinin, exposing actin active sites

4)Contraction, then release of energy

5)Removal of Ca2 ends action potential

6) Tropomysin blockage restore; contraction ends and muscle relaxes 

Term
Hermogenesis
Definition
The generation or production of heat by physiological processes; main source of heat comes from contraction of skeletal muscles
Term
Shivering
Definition
Irregular involuntary contractions of skeletal muscles which produce vibrations of the muscles rather than coordinated movements of the limbs
Term
Excitability/Irritability
Definition
The property manifested by living organisms and responding to stimulation of some sort.
Term
Contractility
Definition
The power possessed by fibres of living muscle contracting or shortening in length which is achieved by the interaction of cytoplasmic contractile proteins
Term
Extensibility
Definition
The ability of a muscle to be stretched after a contraction even to a length greater than the resting length
Term
Elasticility
Definition
Inherent property in tissues by which they recover their former shape and dimension after removal of external pressure or altering force, tendency to rebound
Term
Sharpey's Fibres
Definition
Occurs in intramembranous ossifications, where the pre-existing collagenous tendon or ligament fibres are cemented into lamellar bone. The collagen bundles are Sharpey's fibres and they originate form the tendon or ligament and periosteum and penetrate into underlying bone.
Term
Dendrites
Definition
Channels which extend out-ward from the cell body and are specialized to receive chemical signals
Term
Axon
Definition
They are specialized for the conduction of a particular type of electric impulse
Term
The site of synthesis of virtually all neuronal proteins and membranes
Definition
Nucleus
Term
Neuron part that contains most of the cytoplasm and the nucleus.
Definition
Nucleus
Term
Space between two neurons or between a neuron and an effector. This is where neurotransmitters get released.
Definition
Synapse
Term
Layer of lipid rich(fatty rich) cells wrapped around the axon to prevent electrolyte (Na+, K+) loss
Definition
Myelin Sheath
Term
Nodes of Ranvier
Definition
Gaps in myelin
Term
What are cells that do not participate directly in synaptic interactions and electrical signaling, although their supportive functions help define synaptic contacts and maintain the signaling abilities of neurons
Definition
Glia
Term
What are the 4 main functions of glia cells?
Definition
1)Surrond neurons and hold them in place 2) supply nutrients and oxygen to neurons 3)Insulate one neuron from another 4)Destroy pathogens and remove dead neurons
Term
What are the 3 types of glia cells
Definition
1) Astrocytes: maintain appropriate chemical environment
2) Oligodendrocytes: Lay day myelin
3) Microglial: Primary scavenger cells that remove cellular debris
Term
Circle of Willis
Definition
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9hhfM7rQHiM
Term
Cistern
Definition
Any opening in the subarachnoid space of the brain created by a separation of the arachnoid and pia mater
Term
Fissure
Definition
a natural division or groove in an organ
Term
Sulci
Definition
One of three parts of cerebral cortex
More shallow than a fissure
Allows more surface area for the brain to continue growing, which allows functions of the brain to continue growing
Term
Ventricles
Definition
Hollow part or cavity in an organ
Term
What lobe is a ssociated with reasoning, motor skills, higher level cognition, and expressive language
Definition
Frontal
Term
What lobe is associated with processing tactile sensory information such as pressure, touch, and pain
Definition
Parietal
Term
What lobe is importing for interpreting sounds and language, and hearing
Definition
Temporal
Term
What lobe is associated with interpreting visual stimuli and information
Definition
Occipital
Term
Trilaminar Disc
Definition
An early stage in the development of triploblastic organisms, which include humans and many other animals. It is an embryo, which exists as three different germ layers - the ectoderm, the mesoderm and the endoderm.
Term
Trilaminar Disc Formation
Definition
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BPUdOqSPZYQ
Term
What are somites?
Definition
Somites are blocks of mesoderm that are located on either side of the neural tube in developing embryo. Somites are precursors that give rise to important structure, they also determine the migratory paths of neural crest cells, and axons of the spinal nerves.
Term
Somites Development
Definition
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vTv2DofDS5M
Term
What is the mesoderm?
Definition
It is a middle layer, that differentiates to give rise to a number of tissues and structure. Some cells in the mesodermal tissues retain the capacity to differentiate in diverse directions.
Term
Tooth Development
Definition
http://www.slideshare.net/PiyushVerma9/development-of-tooth
Term
More Dental Development
Definition
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zLiV-b1jS28
Term
When are pharyngeal arches seen to surround embryonic foregut
Definition
from day 20 to day 35 of development
Term
How many somites does the paraxial mesoderm form?
Definition
42-44 somites but not all at one time
Term
What does the somatic mesoderm give rise to?
Definition
Muscles of blood vessels and lymphatics
Term
Where do the muscles for limb buds develop from?
Definition
myotome of somites
Term
When do bones of limbs develop endochondrial ossification (except the clavicle)
Definition
7 Weeks
Term
what must be present for the neural tube to form?
Definition
notochord
Term
What is the anterior portion of a somite called?
Definition
Sclerotome and it leads to the vertebrae and skull
Term
What is the posterior portion of a somite called?
Definition
Myotome and it leads to skeletal muscle
Term
What is the lateral portion of the somite called?
Definition
Dermatome and it leads to dermis
Term
Where do teeth develop from?
Definition
epithelial cells from the lining for the oral cavity and cranial neural crest derived ectomesenchymal cells.
Term
Explain briefly the movement of Palatal Shelves?
Definition
1) Hand down near the tongue initially
2) Rotate to a horizontal position
3) Join together and complete growth of secondary palate
Term
What is a cleft?
Definition
A separation between parts that are normally joined.
Term
How can orofacial clefts be acquired?
Definition
various traumas, congenital, environmental factors ( German measles, medications, alcohol/drug use, cigarettes, vitamin defiencies)
Term
What is the latin name for Cleft Lip?
Cleft Palate?
Definition
Cleft Lip - Cheiloschisis
Cleft Palate - Palatoschisis
Term
Cranial Nerve VI
Definition
1) Abducens nerve
2) Controls eyes lateral rectus muscle
3) Exits through superior orbital
Term
Cranial Nerve IV
Definition
1) Trochlear Nerve
2) Processes brain signals
3) Exits through the superior orbital fissure
Term
Cranial Nerve 5
Definition
1) Trigeminal Nerve 2) Transmits sensations from face to brain 3) 5th Division enters through mandibular foramen 4) 1st Division exits through superior orbital fissure 2nd Division exits through Foramen Rotundum 3rd Division exits through Foramen Ovale 5) Transmitted through infraorbital canal zygomaticofacial foramen zygomaticotemporal foramen
Term
Cranial Nerve II
Definition
1) Optic Nerve
2) Vision
3) Crossing over of the nerve fibres occur providing stereoscopic vision
4) Exit through optic canal
Term
CN I
Definition
1) Olfactory nerve
2) Sense of Smell
3) Rests on top of cribriform plate
Term
CN III
Definition
1) Oculomotor nerve
2) Eyelid and Eyeball movement
3) Exits through superior orbital fissure
Term
CN XII
Definition
1) Hypoglossal
2) Provides motor control of tongue
3) Transmitted through hypoglossal canal
4) Innervates all the muscles except one of the tongue
Term
CN VII
Definition
1) Facial Nerve
2) Supplies special sensation to anterior 2/3 of tongue
3) Innervates muscles of facial expression
4) Transmitted through internal acoustic meatus
Term
CN VIII
Definition
1) Vestibulocochlear
2) Hearing and balance
3) Transmitted through internal acoustic meatus
Term
CN IX
Definition
1) Glossopharyngeal nerve
2) Exits through jugular fossa
Term
CN X
Definition
1) Vagus
2) Involuntary nervous system
3) Exits through jugular fossa
Term
CN XI
Definition
1) Accessory Nerve
2) Provides Motor function
3) Exits formen magnum
Term
When is closure of jugular growth plate?
Definition
22 - 34 years
Term
When is intradental fusion occur?
Definition
FM 8
Term
When does base of MC 1 fuse?
Definition
Females : 14 - 14.5 years
Males: 16.5 years
Term
When do heads of MC 2-5 fuse?
Definition
Females : 14 - 14.5 years
Males: 16.5 years
Term
When does fusion of lacrimal epiphyses complete?
Definition
By 20 years
Term
When does fusion of pars lateralis to squama occur?
Definition
1 -3 years
Term
When do centers for head, greater and lesser tubercles fuse for Humerus?
Definition
2 -6 years
Term
When do all epiphyseal plaques in costal notches fuse?
Definition
25+ years
Term
When do pterygoid plates fuse to greater wings?
Definition
by prenatal month 8
Term
When does gonial fuse with malleus?
Definition
Prenatal week 19
Term
When does anterior fontanelle close?
Definition
1 - 2 years
Term
When is foramen ovale complete?
Definition
During year 1
Term
When does sternebrae 3 + 4 fuse?
Definition
4 - 15 years
Term
When does sternebra 1 fuse to rest of mesosternum?
Definition
15-25 years
Term
When'd does sterner 2 fuse to 3 + 4?
Definition
11 - 20 years
Term
What does the Quadriceps Femoris group consists of ?
Definition
Rectus Femoris Vastus Lateralis Vastus Intermedius Vastus Medialis
Term
Triceps Brachii
Definition
Origin: Infraglenoid tubercle
Insert: Olecranon process
Function: extension of forearm
Term
Supraspinatus
Definition
Origin: Supraspinatus Fossa
Insertion: Greater Tuberosity of Humerus
Function: Abduct Arm
Term
Infraspinatus
Definition
Origin: Medial part of infraspinous fossa
Insert: Greater Tubercle of Humerus
Function: Lateral Rotation of Humerus
Term
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Definition
Origin: Anterior surface of medial ulna
Insertion: Anterior surface of the proximal part of terminal phalanx
Function: Flex Last Segment of the digits
Term
Iliacus
Definition
Origin: Iliac Fossa
Insertion :Lesser Trochanter of Femur
Function ;Flexion of Femur at hip
Term
Soleus
Definition
Origin: Soleal Line on Tibia
Insertion: Achilles Tendon
Function: Plantar Flexor of foot at ankle
Term
Superior
Definition
Toward the Head 
Term
Inferior 
Definition

Away from the Head 

 

Term
Anterior 
Definition
Toward the Front
Term
Posterior 
Definition
Toward the Back
Term
Medial
Definition
Toward the Midline
Term
Lateral 
Definition
Away from the Midline
Term
Proximal
Definition

Nearest the axial skeleton, pertains to limb bones 

 

Term
Distal
Definition
Furthest from the Axial Skeleton
Term
External
Definition
Outer
Term
Internal
Definition
Inside
Term
Endocranial
Definition
Inner Surface of the Cranial Vault
Term
Ectocranial
Definition
Outer surface of the cranial vault
Term
Superficial
Definition
Close to Surface
Term
[image]
Definition
Inferior
Term
[image]
Definition
Anterior
Term
[image]
Definition
Posterior
Term
[image]
Definition
1)
Term
Lingual
Definition
Toward the Tongue
Term
Labial
Definition
Toward the lips
Term
Buccal
Definition
Toward the Cheeks
Term
Interproximal
Definition
In contact with adjacent teeth
Term
Occusal
Definition
Facing opposing dental arch
Term
Incisal
Definition
The biting or occlusal edge of the incisors
Term
Mesiodistal
Definition
Axis running from medial to distal
Term
Buccolingual/Labiolingual
Definition
Axis running from labial or buccal to lingual
Term
Palmar
Definition
palm side of the hand
Term
Plantar
Definition
sole of the foot
Term
Dorsal (hands/feet)
Definition
Top of foot or Back of Hand
Term
Flexion
Definition
Bending movement decreases angle between body parts
Term
Extension
Definition
Straightening movement increase angle between body parts
Term
Abduction
Definition
Movement of a body part toward the sagittal plane
Term
Circumduction
Definition
Combination of abduction and adduction, as well as flexion and extension
Term
Rotation
Definition
motion that occurs as one body part turns on an axis
Term
Opposition
Definition
Motion in which body parts are brought together
Term
Pronation
Definition
Rotary motion of the forearm that turns palm from anterior facing to posterior facing
Term
Dorsiflexion
Definition
Flexion of the entire foot away from ground
Term
Plantarflexion (volarflexion)
Definition
Flexing entire foot inferiorly, toward the ground at ankle
Term
Eversion
Definition
Turning sole of foot outwards, also called pronation
Term
Inversion
Definition
Turning sole of foot inwards, also called supination of the foot
Term
Process
Definition
Bony prominence
Term
Eminence
Definition
A bony projection, not as prominent as a process
Term
Spine
Definition
Longer, thinner, sharper process than a eminence
Term
Tuberosity
Definition
A large rugose eminence of a variable shape, often at a site of a tendon or ligament attachment
Term
Tubercle
Definition
A small usually rugose eminence often at a site of tendon or ligament attachment
Term
Trochanters
Definition
2 larger prominent, blunt rugose processes found on the femur
Term
Malleolus
Definition
Rounded protuberance adjacent to ankle joint
Term
Boss
Definition
A smooth round bone eminence
Term
Articulation
Definition
An area where adjacent bones are in contact
Term
Condyle
Definition
Rounded articular process
Term
Epicondyle
Definition
Nonarticular projection adjacent to a condyle
Term
Head
Definition
Large, rounded usually articular end of a bone
Term
Shaft/diaphysis
Definition
Long straight section between the ends of a long bone
Term
Epiphysis
Definition
The end portion or eternity of a long bone that is expanded for articulation
Term
Neck
Definition
The section of a bone between the head and shaft
Term
Torus
Definition
Bone thickening
Term
Ridge
Definition
A linear bony elevation, often roughened
Term
Crest
Definition
Prominent, usually sharp and thin ridge of a bone
Term
Line
Definition
Raides linear surface, not as thick as torus or as sharp as a crest
Term
Hamulus
Definition
Hook shaped projection
Term
Facet
Definition
A small articular surface on a tooth contact
Term
Fossa
Definition
Depressed area, usually broad and shallow
Term
Fovea
Definition
Pit like, depressed area; usually smaller than a fossa
Term
Groove
Definition
Long pit or Furrow
Term
Sulcus
Definition
Long wide groove
Term
Fontanelle
Definition
Space between cranial bones of an infant
Term
Suture
Definition
Where adjacent bones of skull meet
Term
Foramen
Definition
Opening through a bone
Term
Canal
Definition
A Tunnel like extended foramen
Term
Meatus
Definition
A Short Canal
Term
Sinus
Definition
A cavity within a cranial bone
Term
Alveolus
Definition
Tooth Socket
Term
What muscle arises on the Parietal bone?
Definition
Temporalis Muscle
Term
What is the Temporalis Muscle responsible for?
Definition
Muscle of Mastification
Term
Where does the Middle Meningeal Artery arise from?
Definition
Arises from the maxillary artery
Term
Where does the Middle Meningeal artery enter the cranium?
Definition
Enters the cranium through Foramen Spinosum on Sphenoid Bone
Term
What nerve does the Supraorbital Notch transmit?
Definition
Supraorbital Nerve (branch of the trigminal nerve CN V)
Term
Where does the Temporalis Muscle originate from?
Definition
Temporal Line
Term
In between the superior and inferior nuchal lines what insert?
Definition
The extensors of the head (semispinalis capitus, superior oblique, rectus captius)
Term
Where is the Pharyngeal Tubercle located?
Definition
situated on the inferior surface of the basi occipital, anterior to the foramen magnum
Term
What nerve is transmitted through the hypoglossal canal?
Definition
12th Cranial or the Hypoglossal nerve
Term
Insertion of Temporalis
Definition
Coronoid Process of the mandible
Term
Function of Temporalis
Definition
1)Elevator of mandible
2)Retractor of mandible
Term
Origin of Masseter
Definition
Inferior border of zygomatic arch
Term
Insertion of Masseter
Definition
Lateral aspect of the gonio angle
Term
Function of Masseter
Definition
Elevator of the Mandible
Term
Origin of the Medial Pterygoid
Definition
Medial aspect of the lateral pterygoid plate
Term
Insertion of Medial Pterygoid
Definition
Medial aspect of gonial angle
Term
Function of the Medial Pterygoid
Definition
1) Elevator of mandible
2)Lateral movements of mandible
Term
Origin of Lateral Pterygoid
Definition
1)Infratemporal crest
2)Lateral aspect of lateral pterygoid plate
Term
Insertion of the Lateral Pterygoid
Definition
Fossa antero-inferior to mandibular condyle
Term
Function of Lateral Pterygoid
Definition
1) protrusion of mandible
2)Elevator of mandible
Term
Origin of Digastic Muscle
Definition
Mastoid notch (digastric groove)
Term
Insertion of digastric muscle
Definition
Digastric fossa
Term
Function of Digastric Muscle
Definition
1)Elevate Hyoid
2)Depress Mandible
Term
Origin of Genioglossal
Definition
Superior Genial Tubercle
Term
Insertion of Genioglossal
Definition
Tongue and hyoid bone
Term
Fuction of Genioglossal
Definition
Depress and protrude the tongue
Term
Innervation of Genioglossal Muscle
Definition
Hypoglossal nerve
Term
Origin of Mylohyoid Muscle
Definition
Mylohyoid line
Term
Function of mylohyoid muscle
Definition
1)depressor of mandible
2)elevate hyoid,tongue, and floor of mouth during swallowing and speech
Term
Origin of Geniohyoid
Definition
Genial Tubercles
Term
Insertion of Geniohyoid
Definition
Hyoid bone
Term
Function of Geniohyoid
Definition
Depressor of mandible
Term
Origin of Stylohyoid Muscle
Definition
Styloid process
Term
Insertion of Stylohyoid Muscle
Definition
Hyoid bone
Term
Function of Stylohyoid Muscle
Definition
Retractor of the hyoid
Term
Where does the trapezius muscle originate?
Definition
Superior Nuchal Line
Term
Where does the trapezius muscle insert?
Definition
Acromion and posterior spine of the scapula
Term
What is the function of the trapezius muscle?
Definition
Superior rotation of the scapula
Term
Where does the Pectoralis Minor muscle originate?
Definition
Anterior sternal part of the ribs
Term
Where does the Pectoralis Minor muscle insert?
Definition
Coracoid Process of the scapula
Term
Where does the deltoid originate?
Definition
Acromial end of the clavicle
Spine of the Scapula
Term
Where does the deltoid insert?
Definition
Deltoid Tuberosity (Humorous)
Term
What are the functions of the deltoid?
Definition
Abduct arm
Flex Arm
Extend Arm
Term
Where does the supraspinatus originate?
Definition
Supraspinous Fossa of the Scapula
Term
Where does the supraspinatus insert?
Definition
Great Tubercle of the Humerus
Term
What is the function of the supraspinatus?
Definition
Abduct arm
Term
Where does the Infraspinatus muscle originate?
Definition
Infraspinous Fossa of the Scapula
Term
Where does the infraspinatus muscle insert?
Definition
Greater Tubercle of the Humerus
Term
What is the function of the infraspinatus muscle?
Definition
Lateral rotation of the humerus
Term
Where does the Teres Minor originate?
Definition
Axillary border of Scapula
Term
Where does the Teres Minor insert?
Definition
Greater Tubercle of the Humerus
Term
What does the Teres Minor do?
Definition
Lateral Rotation of the humerus
Term
Where does the subscapularis muscle originate?
Definition
Subscapular Fossa
Term
Where does the subscapularis muscle insert?
Definition
Lesser Tubercle of the Humerus
Term
What does the subscapularis do?
Definition
Medial rotation of the Humerus
Term
Where does the Bicep Brachii originate?
Definition
Coracoid Process of the Scapula
Supraglenoid Tubercle
Term
Where does the Biceps Brachii insert?
Definition
Radial Tuberosity
Term
What is the function of the Biceps Brachii?
Definition
Flex forearm
Supinator of the forearm
Term
Where does the Triceps originate?
Definition
Infraglenoid Tubercle of the Scapula
Term
Where does the Triceps insert?
Definition
Olecranon Process
Term
What is the function of the Triceps?
Definition
Extension of the forearm
Term
What is the origin of the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis?
Definition
Common Flexor Origin
Term
Where does the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis insert?
Definition
Lateral sides of the anterior surface on the distal middle phalanx
Term
What is the function of the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis?
Definition
Flex Digits
Term
Where does the Flexor digitorium profundus originate?
Definition
Anterior surface of the medial ulna
Term
Where does the Flexor Digitorium profundus insert?
Definition
Anterior surface of the proximal part of the terminal phalanx
Term
What is the function of Flexor digitorum profundus ?
Definition
Flex last segment of the digits
Term
Where does the extensor digitorium originate?
Definition
Common extensor origin
Term
Where does the extensor digitorum insert?
Definition
Most proximal part of the posterior surface of the distal phalanx
Term
What is the function of the extensor digitorum ?
Definition
Extend fingers
Term
Where does the Gastrocnemius originate?
Definition
Both lateral and medial femoral condyles
Term
Where does the Gastrocnemius insert?
Definition
Achilles tendon
Term
What is the function of the Gastrocnemius?
Definition
Flexor of the leg at the knee and plantar flexor of foot at ankle
Term
Where does the Soleus originate?
Definition
Soleal line
Term
Where does the Soleus insert?
Definition
Achilles Tendon
Term
What is the function of the Soleus?
Definition
Plantar Flexor of foot at ankle
Term
What is the function of the Soleus?
Definition
Plantar Flexor of foot at ankle
Term
Where does the Iliacus originate?
Definition
Iliac Fossa
Term
Where does the Iliacus insert?
Definition
Lesser trochanter of the femur
Term
What is the function of the Iliacus?
Definition
Flexion of the Femur at the hip
Term
Where does the hamstring group originate?
Definition
Ischial Tuberosity
Term
Where does the hamstring group insert?
Definition
Proximal tibia and Fibula
Term
What is the function of the Hamstring group?
Definition
Extension of femur at hip
Term
Where does the gluteal group originate?
Definition
Supero-lateral on iliac blade
Term
Where does the gluteal group insert?
Definition
greater trochanter
Term
What is the function of the gluteal group?
Definition
Abductor of femur at hip, medial rotation of femur at hip
Term
Where does the Rectus Femoris originate?
Definition
Anterior inferior iliac spine
Term
Where does the Rectus Femoris insert?
Definition
Tibial Tuberosity
Term
What is the function of the Rectus Femoris?
Definition
Extensor of leg at knee
Term
What bone is Hypoglossal Canal located?
What does it transmit?
Definition
Location: Occiptial
Transmits: The 12th cranial nerve (Hypoglossal Nerve)
Term
Where is 12th cranial nerve called?
Where is it transmitted from?
Definition
Name: Hypoglossal Nerve
Transmiited from: Hypoglossal Canal located on Occiptial bone
Term
Zygomatico-facial Foramen transmits what?
Definition
Fibres of the Trigeminal Nerve
Term
Zygomatico-Temporal Foramen transmits what?
Definition
Fibres of the Trigeminal Nerve
Term
Zygomatico-Orbital Foramen transmits what?
Definition
Transmits the zygomaticotemporal nerve
Term
What 2 foramen transmits the fibres of the trigeminal nerve?
Definition
Zygomatico-Temporal and Zygomatico-Facial Foramen
Term
Where is Infraorbital Foramen located?
What is transmitted from it?
Definition
Location: Maxilla (Superior to Orbit Surface)
Transmits: Infraorbital Nerve (Division of CN V)
Term
Where is the Infraorbital Nerve transmitted from?
Definition
Infraorbital Foramen
Term
Where is Supraorbital Notch located?
What is transmitted from Supraorbital Notch?
Definition
Located: at superior and medial margin of the orbit in the frontal bone
Transmits: Supraorbital Nerve (branch of the trigminal nerve CN V)
Term
Where is the supraorbital nerve transmitted from?
Definition
Supraorbital Notch
Term
Where does Masseter muscle originate from?
Insert?
Definition
Originate: Zygomatic Arch (Medial Surface, and Inferior Border)
Insert: Lateral Surface of angle and rams of mandible
Term
Where does Temporalis muscle originate from?
Insert?
Definition
Originate : Temporal Fossa, Line, Fascia
Insert: Tip and medial surface of the coronoid process of mandible
Term
Where does Medial Pterygoid muscle originate from?
Insert?
Definition
Originate: deep head from just above the medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate.
The smaller, superficial head originates from the maxillary tuberosity and the pyramidal process of the palatine bone
Insert: medial angle of the mandible
Term
Where does Lateral Pterygoid muscle originate from?
Insert?
Definition
Originate: Great wing of sphenoid and pterygoid plate
Insert : Condyloid process of the mandible
Term
Where does Middle Meningeal Artery Arise from?
Definition
Maxillary Artery
Term
Where does the Middle Meningeal artery enter?
Definition
Through the Foramen Spinosum on Sphenoid Bone
Term
What artery enters the Foramen Spinosum?
Definition
Middle Meningeal artery
Term
Where does Trapezius muscle originate from?
Definition
Superior nuchal line
Term
What muscle insert between the superior and inferior nuchal lines?
Definition
The extensors of the head (semispinalis capitus, superior oblique, rectus capitus)
Term
What exits the Foramen Magnum?
Definition
Spinal Cord and Spinal Accessory Nerve (CN XI)
Term
Where does the Spinal Cord Exit?
Definition
Foramen Magnum
Term
Where does the CN XI exit?
Definition
Foramen Magnum
Term
What enters the Foramen Magnum?
Definition
Vertebral arteries
Term
What does the Hypoglossal Canal transmit?
Definition
12th cranial nerve
Term
What transmits fibres of the trigeminal nerve ?
Definition
• Zygomatico-facial Foramen
• Zygomatico-temporal foramen
Term
What transmits the zygomatico-temporal nerve?
Definition
Zygomatico-orbital foramen
Term
Where is the temporal fascia attached on zygomatic bone?
Definition
Marginal Tubercle
Term
What rests on top of the Cribiform Plate?
Definition
1st cranial nerve
Term
What transmits the greater palatine vessels and nerve ?
Definition
Greater Palatine Foramen
Term
Where does CN V transmit?
Definition
Infraorbital Nerve
Term
What is transmitted through the mastoid foramen?
Definition
Occipital artery
Term
Where is the occipital artery transmitted through?
Definition
Mastoid Foramen
Term
What muscles attach to the mastoid process?
Definition
Sternocleidomastoideus
Splenuius capitis
Longissimus capitis
Term
Where does the Sternocleidomastoideus attach?
Definition
mastoid process
Term
Where does the Splenuius capitis attach?
Definition
mastoid process
Term
Where does the Longissimus capitis attach?
Definition
mastoid process
Term
Where does the Sternocleidomastoid originate?
Definition
Origin: manubrium and medial clavicle
Term
Where does the digastic muscle originate?
Definition
Mastoid Notch
Term
What muscle originates from the Mastoid Notch?
Definition
Digastic Muscle
Term
Where does the 7th cranial nerve exit cranium?
Definition
From the stylomastoid foramen
Term
Where does the stylohyoid muscle originate?
Definition
Styloid process
Term
What muscle originates from the styloid process?
Definition
Stylohyoid Muscle
Term
The Styloid Process is _______________ from the base of the temporal bone
Definition
Anteroinferior
Term
Where does the Temporal Fascia attach?
Definition
Zygomatic process of the temporal bone
Term
Where does the masseter muscle attach?
Definition
Zygomatic process of the temporal bone
Term
What muscles attach to the zygomatic process of the temporal bone?
Definition
Temporal Fascia and Masseter Muscle
Term
What enters the Stylomastoid Foramen?
Definition
Stylomastoid artery
Term
What transmits the Facial Nerve (CN VII) ?
Definition
Internal Acoustic Meatus
Term
What transmits the Vestibulecochlear Nerve (CN VIII)?
Definition
Internal Acoustic Meatus
Term
What nerves are transmitted through the acoustic meatus?
Definition
CN VII, and CN VIII
Term
Where does the superior petrosal sinus rest?
Definition
Superior petrosal sulcus of the temporal bone
Term
What transmits the internal carotid artery?
Definition
Carotid Canal
Term
Where does the Glossapharyngeal Nerve (CN IX) exit skull?
Definition
At the jugular fossa
Term
Where does the Vagus Nerve (CN X) exit the skull?
Definition
Jugular Fossa
Term
What exits the Jugular Fossa?
Definition
The Vagus (CN X) nerve , and the Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)
Term
What bones does the sphenoidal articulate with?
Definition
Frontal
Temporal
Parietal
Occipital
Ethmoid
Palatine
Maxilla
Zygomatic
Vomer
Term
Where does the CN II exit cranium?
Definition
Optic Canal
Term
What nerve exits the optic canal?
Definition
CN II (Optic Nerve)
Term
What exit the Optic Canal?
Definition
CN II and Ophthalmic artery
Term
Where does the pituitary gland sit in Sphenoid?
Definition
Hypophyseal Fossa
Term
What exits the Clivus?
Definition
2nd division of the trigeminal nerve
Term
Where does the 2nd division of the trigeminal nerve exit?
Definition
Clivus
Term
What division of the CN V nerve exits the Superior Orbital Fissure?
Definition
1st divisions of the CN V (trigeminal nerve)
Term
Where does the CN III (Occulomoter nerve) exit?
Definition
Superior Orbital Fissure
Term
Where does the CN IV (trochlear nerve) exit
Definition
Superior Orbital Fissure
Term
What are all the nerves that exit the Superior orbital fissure?
Definition
1st division of the 5th cranial nerve
CN III - Occulomotor Nerve
CN IV - Trochlear Nerve
CN VI (abducens nerve)
Term
Where does the CN VI (abducens nerve) exit?
Definition
Superior Orbital Fissure
Term
Where does CN II exit ?
Definition
Through Optic Canal
Term
What muscles originate on the lateral pterygoid plate?
Definition
Medial Pterygoid and Lateral Pterygoid
Term
What muscles do the Pterygoid plates allow attachment to?
Definition
Medial Pterygoid muscles
Term
What are the three axes defined during early development?
Definition
-Proximodistal axis - Line from base of bud to the centre of the AER
-Cranialcaudal axis - controlled by small cell population of the post axial border, called zone of polarizing activity
-Dorsoventral axis - Controlled by the ectoderm
Term
What is the zone of polarising activity?
Definition
Craniocaudal axis which is an axis defined during early development -controlled by a small cell population on the post axial border
Term
What controls the pattern of musculature during development of limbs?
Definition
Somatopleuric mesenchyme
Term
What does the epithelium control during development?
Definition
It controls the development stage of the limb
Term
What does mesenchymal control during development?
Definition
It controls the type of limb that forms
Term
What happens in the progress zone during development?
Definition
Mesenchymal cell populations receive specific assignments
Term
What forms the progress zone during development?
Definition
Ectoderm forms an apical ectodermal ridge covering core of mesenchymal cells derived from somatopleuric mesenchyme
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