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Respitory System
N/A
83
Anatomy
12th Grade
02/07/2011

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Term
Functions of Respitory System
Definition
1) Provides for gas exchanged
2) Helps regulate blood pH
3) Contains receptors for the sencse of smell, filters inspired air, and produces sounds for vocalization
Term
Upper Respiratory System
Definition
Includes the nose, pharynx and associated structures
Term
Lower Respiratory System
Definition
Includes the larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs
Term
Conducting Portion
Definition
Series of interconecting cavities and tubes both outside and within the lungs that filter, warm and moisten air and conduct it into the lungs
Term
Respiratory Portion
Definition
Tissue within the lungs where gas exchange occurs
Term
Pulmonologist
Definition
A specialist in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the lungs
Term
Palm-
Definition
Lungs
Term
External Nares(Nostrils)
Definition
2 openings on the undersurface of the external nose
Term
Internal Nares(Choanae)
Definition
2 openings where the internal nose communicates with the pharynx
Term
Paranasal Sinuses
Definition
Frontal-above eyes
Sphenoidal-behind
Maxillary- below
Ethmoidal- between
Term
Nasolacrimal Ducts
Definition
A canal that transports the lacrimal secretion(tears) from nasolacrimal sac into the nose
Term
Nasal Septum
Definition
Verticle partition that divides the nasal cavity into right and left sides
Term
Septal cartilage
Definition
Forms the anterior portion of the nasal septum
Term
Nasal Cavity
Definition
A mucous lined cavity on either side of the nasal septum that opens onto the face at the external nares and onto the nasopharynx at interior nares
Term
Vestibule
Definition
Anterior portion of the nasal cavity, surrounded by cartilage
Term
Olfactory Nerves
Definition
Bipolar neuron with its cell body lying between supporting cells located in the mucous membrane lining the superior portion of each nasal cavity, transduces odor into neural signals
Term
Superior, Middle, Inferior Meatus
Definition
Series of groove like passageways that subdivide each side of the nasal cavity
Term
Rhinoplasty
Definition
Nose Job, a surgical prodedure in which the structure of the external nose is altered
Term
Otorhinolaryngology
Definition
Diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the ears, nose and throat
Term
Fauces-
Definition
Throat
Term
Epi-
Definition
Over
Term
Glottis-
Definition
Tongue
Term
Oto-
Definition
Ear
Term
Rhino-
Definition
Nose
Term
Laryngo-
Definition
Voice Box
Term
Meatus-
Definition
Opening or pathway
Term
Plasty-
Definition
To mold/to shape
Term
Nasopharynx
Definition
Superior portion of the pharynx, lies posterior to the nasal cavity and extends to the plane of the soft plate
Term
Oropharynx
Definition
Intermediate portion of the pharynx, lies posterior to the noral cavity and extends from the soft plate inferiorly to the level of the hyoid bone
Term
Fauces
Definition
openings from the mouth, only opening in oropharynx
Term
Laryngopharynx
Definition
Inferior portion of the pharynx, begins at the level of the hyoid bone
Term
Thyroid Cartilage
Definition
Adam's Apple, 2 fused plates of hyaline cartilage, anterior wall of the larynx, hormones make males larger
Term
Epiglottis
Definition
Large, leaf shaped piece of elastic cartilage lying on top the larynx, attached to the thyroid cartilage and its unattached portion is free to move up and down to cover the glottis during swollowing
Term
Glottis
Definition
The vocal folds(true vocal chords) in the larynx plus the space between them(rima glottidis)
Term
Rima Glottidis
Definition
Space between the vocal folds
Term
Cricoid cartilage
Definition
Ring of hyaline cartilage that forms the inferior wall of the larynx
Term
Arytenoid cartilage
Definition
A pair of small, pyramidal cartilages of the larynx that attach to the vocal folds and intrinsic pharyngeal muscles and can move the vocal folds
Term
Corniculate cartilage
Definition
Horn-shaped pieces of elastic cartilage, located at the apex of each arytenoid cartilage
Term
Cunneiform cartilages
Definition
Club-shaped elastic cartilages anterior to the corniculate cartilages, support vocal folds and lateral aspects of the epiglottis
Term
Tracheostomy
Definition
An opperation to make an opening into the trachea, obstruction superior to larynx level
Term
Intubation
Definition
A tube is inserted into the mouth or nose and passed inferiorly through the larynx and trachea, firm wall of tube pushes aside flexible obstructions and tube provides a passageway for air
Term
Right/Left Primary Bronchus
Definition
Main branches off of tracea
Term
Carina
Definition
Internal ridge where the trachea divides into right and left bronchus
Term
Secondary bronchi
Definition
Division of primary bronchus into smaller bronchi
Term
Tertiary bronchi
Definition
Division of secondary bronchis into smaller bronchi
Term
Bronchioles
Definition
Division of tertiary bronchi
Term
Terminal bronchioles
Definition
Smaller tubes that branch into the smallest bronchiole
Term
Bronchial tree
Definition
Extensive branching from the trachea resembling an inverted tree
Term
Parietal pleura
Definition
Superficial layer lines the wall of the thoracic cavity
Term
Visceral pleura
Definition
Deep layer and covers the lungs themselves
Term
Visceral pleura
Definition
Deep layer and covers the lungs themselves
Term
Plearual cavity
Definition
lubricates layers, allowing them to slide over each other while breathing
Term
Respiratory bronchioles
Definition
Microscopic branches, subdivision of terminal bronchioles
Term
Alveolar Ducts
Definition
Respiratory bronchioles subdivide into several of these
Term
Pulmonary capillaries
Definition
Little blood vessels feeding and coming away from the alveoli
Term
Alveolus
Definition
Cup-shaped outpouching lined by simple squamous epithelium and supported by a thin elastic basement membrane
Term
Alveolar sacs
Definition
2 or more alveoli that shape a common opening
Term
Type 1 alveolar cells
Definition
Predominent cells, simple squamous epithelium cells that form a nearly continuous lining of the alveolar wall (main gass exchange site)
Term
Type 2 alveolar cells
Definition
Fewer in #, found between type 1, cuboidal epithelial cells, secrete alveolar fluid, keeps surface between cells and air moist
Term
Surfactant
Definition
complex mixture that lowers surface tension of alveolar fluid, reduces tendency of alveoli to collapse
Term
Alveolar macrophages
Definition
Wandering phagocytes that remove fine duxt particles and other debris in the alveolar spaces
Term
Respitory membrane
Definition
cosisting of alveolar wall and its basement membrane and a capillary endothelium and its basement membrane through which the diffusion of respitory gases occur
Term
Tuberculosis
Definition
communicable disease that most often affects the lungs, bacteria multiply and cause inflammation symptoms: fatigue, weight loss...
Term
RDS(Respitory distress syndrome)
Definition
Form of respitory failure characterizd by excessive leakiness of respiratory membranes and sever hypoxia(deficiency)
Term
SIDS(Sudden Infant Death Syndrome)
Definition
Death between 1 week and 12 months old, due to hypoxia while sleeping in prone position and rebreathing of exhaled air trapped in a depression of the mattress
Term
Coryza
Definition
(Common Cold)Sneezing, excessive nasal secretion, dry cough and congestion
Term
Influenza
Definition
Chills, fever, headache, and muscular aches, coldlike symptoms appear as fever subsides
Term
Pulmonary edema
Definition
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitial spaces and alveoli of the lungs, symptoms=weezing, restlessness, felling of suffocation, excesive persperation
Term
Pneumonia
Definition
Acute infection or inflammation of the alveoli, receded by upper respiratory infection, then develope fever, chills, dry cough, chest pain, difficulty breathing and spitting blood
Term
Lung cancer
Definition
leading cause of cancer death in men and females, at diagnosis cancer is usually well advanced
Term
Cystic fibrosis
Definition
an inherited disease of secretory epithelia that affects the airways, liver, pancreas,small intestine and sweat glands
Term
Hemoptysis
Definition
Spitting blood from respitory tract
Term
Chronic bronchitis
Definition
Disorder characterized by excessive sevretion of bronchial mucus and sccompanied by a productive cough
Term
Dyspnea
Definition
Painful or labored breathing
Term
Pneumothorax
Definition
Presence of air in the intrapleural space; reversed by closing the "hole" and drawing air out of the intrapleural space with chest tubes
Term
Rales
Definition
Sounds sometimes heard in the lungs that resemble bubbling/rattling
Term
Respirator
Definition
Apparatus used to assist or support bentilation or to provide nebulized medication to the air passages
Term
Rhinitis
Definition
Chronic or acute inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose
Term
Tachypnea
Definition
Rapid breathing rate
Term
Asthma
Definition
Disorder, chronic airway inflammation, airway hypersensitivity to a variety of stimuli and airway obstruction that is at least partially reversible
Term
Emphysema
Definition
Disorder, destruction of walls of alveoli, producing abnormally large air spaces that remain filled with aire during exhalation, O2 diffusion is reduced so O2 level is blood decreases and any exersize requiring O2 causes breathlessness
Term
Sleep Apnea
Definition
Disorder in which a person repeatedly stops breathing for 10 or more seconds while sleeping, usually caused by loss of muscle tone in pharyngeal muscles allows airway to collapse
Term
Sleep Apnea
Definition
Disorder in which a person repeatedly stops breathing for 10 or more seconds while sleeping, usually caused by loss of muscle tone in pharyngeal muscles allows airway to collapse
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