Term
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Definition
| Toxic substances excreted by the body to get rid of waste products. |
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Term
| Functions of the Urinary System |
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Definition
| Excretion of organic waster, regulation of blood volume and blood pressure, conservation of nutrients, production of hormones, and regulation of pH |
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Term
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Definition
| the outer portion of the kidney between the renal capsule and the renal medulla, where urine production starts. |
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Term
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Definition
| innermost portion of the kidney. includes renal pyramids and papillae. contains structures called nephrons that are responsible for mainting the salt and water balance of the blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| cone-shaped structures in the kidney formed by parallel segments of nephrons. all urine processing takes place here. |
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Definition
| region where the renal pyramids empty urine into the minor calyx |
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Definition
| passageway for urine from the renal pyramids (papillae) to the renal pelvis. pacemaker cells in the walls of the structure propels urine through the renal pelvis and ureters. |
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Term
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Definition
| functional unit of the kidney. chief function is to regulate the concentration of water and soluble ions such as sodium by filtering blood, reabsorbing what is needed and excreting the rest as urine. |
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Term
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Definition
| nephrons that have shorter loops and are contained in the renal cortex. 85% of all nephrons |
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Term
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Definition
| nephrons that have longer loops that extend into the medulla. 15% of all nephrons. work to concentrate urine in emergency situations (when the body is dehydrated) |
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Term
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Definition
| filtration (blood enters glomerulus which pushes plasma from blood), reabsorption (removes useful things such as glucose, amino acids, sodium and returns them to blood), secretion, water conservation (water reabsorbed into blood) |
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Term
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Definition
| initial blood-filtering component of the nephron (includes glormerulus and bowman's capsule) |
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Term
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Definition
| tuft of capillaries that performs the first step of filtering blood in the nephron. surrounded by the bowman's capsule |
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Term
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Definition
| a cup-like sac that surrounds the glomerulus. fluids are filtered out of the glomerulus into this structure and then further processed in the nephron |
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Term
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Definition
| blood supply to the glomerulus. |
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Term
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Definition
| exit of blood from the glomerulus |
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Term
| loop of henle (nephron loop) |
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Definition
| portion of nephron that leads from PCT to the DCT. Main function is to concentrate urine and to reabsorb sodium and water. |
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Term
| proximal convoluted tubules |
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Definition
| portion of the nephron that leads from the Bowman's capsule to the loop of henle |
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Term
| distal convoluted tubules |
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Definition
| portion of nephron between loop of henle and collecting duct system. close proximity to the glomerulus. |
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Term
| juxtaglomerular apparatus |
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Definition
| microscopic structure that regulates the function of each nephron. found near the glomerulus. produces hormones to regulate blood flow and filtration rate. |
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Term
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Definition
| contains collecting systems and collecting ducts. collect urine from the DCT |
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Term
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Definition
| responsible for increasing water absorption in the collecting ducts of the kidney nephron. |
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Term
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Definition
| tiny vessels that travel alongside nephrons allowing reabsorption and secretion between blood and nephron. |
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Term
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Definition
| folds in the lining of the bladder |
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Term
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Definition
| 3 layers of smooth muscle in the bladder |
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Term
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Definition
| transports urine out of the body |
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Term
| internal urethral sphincter |
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Definition
| urinary sphincter (involuntary) composed of smooth muscle |
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Term
| external urethral sphincter |
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Definition
| urinary sphincter made of skeletal muscle, under voluntary control |
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Term
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Definition
| gland organ of digestive system that produces insulin, glucagon, and digestive enzymes that assist in the absorption of nutrients. |
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