Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Respiratory
A&P and Patho
30
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
12/03/2014

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What are the components of the upper respiratory tract and where are they generally located?
Definition

nasal cavity, nasal pharynx, oral cavity, oral pharynx

All are located above the glottis/vocal folds which lies within the larynx

Term
What constitutes the lower respirttory system?
Definition
larynx/glottis, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
Term
What is respiratory epithelium made of and what does it cover?
Definition

made of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells

covers entire respirtatory tract excluding oral cavity and oral pharynx and alveoli air sacs

Term
Where are mucus glands located that make mucus layer for respiroty epithelium?
Definition
lamina propria
Term
Describe the process of trapping dust particles druing inspirtation
Definition

dust particles get trapped in mucus layer

cilia move them towards oral pharynx to be swallowed

URS:down and backward

LRS: upward

Term
URI vs LRI
Definition

URI:

uncomfortable; easier to control;open to environment at both ends

LRI:

can turn life threatening easily; blind end passages so nothing can escape 

Term
describe the pathway taken by the air in the respiratory system
Definition
nasal/oral cavity, nasal/oral pharynx, larynx, glottis, trachea, right/left bronchus, bronchi, bronchioles (0.5 mm smaller), repiratory bronchioles, alveoli
Term
what are some of the features of the glottis?
Definition

right and left rims make vocal folds

involed in making vocal sounds (rim vibrates)

close: not breathing

open: cough/breathe deeply 

Term
what do the trachea and bronchi have in their walls and why?
Definition

cartilage

prevents collapsing under external pressure 

Term
describe the bronchioles walls and features of their constriction
Definition

the walls do not contain catrilage

only smooth muscle for opening and closing

when constricting abnormally, increase air flow resistance=asthma 

Term
What are the medications called that help treat asthma?
Definition
bronchodilators
Term
what do stretch receptors do?
Definition
signal when enough air has been breathed in and then out
Term
what does the Hering Breuer reflex do?
Definition

controlls reflex tidal breathing

is adjustable;

Term
When is Cheyne Stokes breathing occuring and what is its description
Definition

damage to the brian stem

respiration is poorly controlled 

Term
compare inspiratory reserve volume and expiratory reserve volume
Definition

IRV: more air breathed in with extra effort after full breath

lift rib cage lower diaphragm

ERV: more air breathed out with extra effort after full breath

lower rib cage lift diaphragm 

Term
what is tidal breathing
Definition
the normal in and out flow of air during quiet respiration
Term
what is vital capacity
Definition
combination of tidal volume, IRV, and ERV
Term
what is the normal vital capacity in an adult
Definition
500 ml
Term
dyspnea and it characteristic
Definition

difficulty breathing

loss of IRV and ERV, bringing vital capacity down to the tidal volume 

Term

apnea

central apnea

obstructive apnea

 

Definition

absence of breathing 

CA: in infants sleep apnea can cause SIDs

OA: adult sleep apnea collapse of phayngeal walls and base of tongue 

Term
when does hb saturate and dissociate itself from oxygen
Definition

nearly saturates: 60 mm Hg (travels thru capillaries)

dissociate: 40 mm Hg and below (delivers to tissue)

Term
what do type II cells do
Definition
secrete material that breaks down the surface tension of the water in the layer of water that coats innter surface of lung alveoli
Term
eupnea
Definition
normal breathing
Term
kussmaul respiration
Definition

increase in ventilatory depth and frequency that normally accompanies and increase in respiratory demand 

causes dyspnea 

Term
resistance vs compliance
Definition

resistance: force making it harder to breathe

increased resistance = decreased compliance and vise versa 

Term
what are inhalation disorders
Definition
dysfunctions of the air passages and lung tissues that are caused by substances in the inhaled air
Term
what is pneumoconiosis
Definition
accumulation of dust particles in the alveoli in the stroma and in the lymph nodes into which the lung's lymphatic vessels drain
Term
what is emphysema
Definition
advanced stage lung tissue damage, created by chronic disease, chronic exposure to irritants, etc
Term

what kind of cancer is in these areas

lining of epithelial cells

mucous glands

 

Definition

lining: squamous cell carcinoma

glands: adenocarcinoma

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