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Respiratory Test 2
Caldwell Donnell UTCVM Fall 2014
113
Veterinary Medicine
Graduate
11/18/2014

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Cards

Term
Gold standrad of dx for BVDV
Definition
virus isolation
Term
Most important part of managing BVDV
Definition
Finding PI's
Term
BRSV more commonly causes (upper/lower) resp disease in cattle?
Definition
Upper
Term
Calf at 3-4 months with interstitial pneumonia. May have bullae on lungs and sub q emphysema ( looks like wrapped in bubble wrap) name the pathogen:
Definition
BRSV
Term
This pneumovirus is very fragile and so can't culture. Need to rely on other things like IHC, FA, PCR
Definition
BRSV
Term
This virus doesnt cause much disease but makes others worse. North American Vaccines all have this included
Definition
PI3
Term
This virus _______ known for winter dysentery but can sometimes cause resp disease through a mutation. May be able to try the calf diarrhea vaccines but OFF LABEL for resp.
Definition
Bovine coronavirus
Term
Average fetal age ( in days) where if infected with BVDV will become a PI
Definition
75
Term
Average fetal age ( in days) where if infected with BVDV will get congenital malformations like cerebellar hypoplasia
Definition
150
Term
This pathogen casues more economic loss in cattle industray than any other
Definition
Mannheimia haemolytica
Term
Two virulence factors produced by Mannheimia hemolytica (one-two punch)
Definition
Leukotoxin
Endotoxin
Term
The better vaccine for Mannheimia hemolytica is purified recombinant _________
Definition
Leukotoxin
Term
After Mannheimia has done some damage, even after treatment, this pathogen can move in and cause a bad chronic pneumonia
Definition
Pasteurella multocida
Term
This pathogen generally starts out respiratory, goes systemic and then causes TME (thromboembolic meningoencephalitis)
Definition
Histophilus somni
Term
No beta lactams for this respiratory pathogen
Definition
Mycoplasma bovis
Term
This pathogen that starts out respiratory has a geographic distribution more in northern midwest and Canada
Definition
Histophilus somni
Term
Caseous necrosis/microabscesses in alveoli. Also produces a biofilm and hard to treat
Definition
Mycoplasma bovis
Term
This pathogen generally starts out respiratory, goes systemic, and more commonly known for mastitis, Can also cause vestibular problems and septic arthritis
Definition
Mycoplasma bovis
Term
Variable surface proteins make it hard to vaccinate against this bacterial respiratory pathogen
Definition
Mycoplasma bovis
Term
Sens and Spec are low for pulling calves that we think are sick but when we do it's based on two main things:
Definition
1. Clinical Signs
2. Temp > 104
Term
For bovine resp disease you want to continue antibiotic therapy for ___ hours after resolution of signs
Definition
48
Term
What is a biomarker that has promise on figuring out which calves need treatment and which ones can safely go off treatment?
Definition
Haptoglobin
Term
why might you avoid steroids as an anti-inflammatory in cows?
Definition
Abortions!
Term
Fog fever can happen when cows put on fresh lush pasture that has high amounts of ___a_____, which is converted to ____b___ in rumen, which is toxic to type ____c____ pneumocytes to cause a __d__ pneumonia
Definition
a L-Tryptophan
b 3-methyl indole
c type I
d Interstitial
Term
Fog fever- febrile yes or no
Definition
NO
Term
Moldy sweet potato poisoning occurs when the pathogen ____a____ grows on sweet potatoes which then produce a product which is converted to ___b____ and goes through same pathway as l-tryptophan in cow rumen
Definition
a Fusarium solani
b 4-ipomeanol
Term
Perilla mint produces a _____ which has the same effect as 4-ipomeanol
Definition
Perilla ketone
Term
What's the reasoning behind getting acute interstitial pneumonia in claves fed high protein diets?
Definition
maybe more tryptophan?
maybe higher amounts of aspirated ammonia?
Term
Risk groups for acute interstitial pneumonia are (heifers/steers) in feed lots where it's really (cold/hot) and have had prior resp disease
Definition
Heifers; Hot
Term
Pathogen behind caval syndrome in calves
Definition
Fusobacterium necrophorum
Term
Calf has a low rumen ph and now has epistaxis. Dx:
Definition
Caval syndrome
Term
Antigenic (drift/shift) is the phenomenon behind species jumps in influenza
Definition
Shift
Term
Antigenic (drift/shift) is the phenomenon behind why we need new flu vaccines every year
Definition
Drift
Term
This virus of pigs can replicate FAST ( and in other animals too)
Definition
Influenza
Term
Alphaherpesvirus of pigs- gives cows the mad itch
Definition
Pseudorabies
Term
This resp virus of pigs can cause neuro signs in piglets and other hosts like cows- but not really in adult pigs
Definition
Pseudorabies
Term
Arterivirus in swine
Definition
PRRS
Term
This virus of pigs targets pulmonary macrophages but can infect other cells
Definition
PRRS
Term
Piglets will be ADR dyspnea and CYANOSIS OF EARS classic for:
Definition
PRRS
Term
Most hog farms just live with this virus and manage it the best they can
Definition
PRRS
Term
This pathogen is the one most commonly isolated in porcine resp disease only becasue it likes to take advatage of a situation originally started by something else
Definition
Pasteurella multocida
Term
Whats often the first and most sensitive sign of bovine resp disease?
Definition
lack rumen fill
Term
what can you see to determine a very empty rumen
Definition
Paralumbar fossa sunken in
Term
When ausculting a cow, an area of consolidated lung will be (softer/louder) than surrounding lung
Definition
softer
Term
Crackles usually means of of two things
Definition
Pulmonary edema; Atelectasis
Term
When u/s a thorax in cow- you should look for the pleural surface to make sure:
Definition
Sliding
Term
Comet tail on thoracic r/g means
Definition
inflammation
Term
This respiratory pathagen crosses into pleural space more than others and therefore commonly causes a fibrinous pleuritis
Definition
Mannheimia haemolytica
Term
Firm heavy and non collapsable lung: what kind of pneumonia?
Definition
Interstitial
Term
When you have a lung that wont collapse- you should think of a pneumonia of one of these two etiologies
Definition
Viral
Toxic
Term
Enzootic nasal tumors are caused by a _______ and are considered what kind of neoplasia?
Definition
Retrovrius
Adenocarcinoma
Term
Sheep has an assymetrical nose
Definition
Enzootic nasal tumor
Term
Sheep with a profound rhinitis. Found huddled and with altered grazing behavior
Definition
Nasal bots (oestrus ovis)
Term
You usually give ivermectin twice yearly to prevent nasal bots- when exactly and why?
Definition
Mid summer- when larvae at peak
Early winter- prevent overwintering bots
Term
Retropharyngeal abscesses in small ruminants must be considered _____ until proven otherwise
Definition
CLA
Term
Etiology for caseous lymphadenitis (CLA)
Definition
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
Term
Drain a CLA abscess?
Definition
NO
Term
You have a pet goat with CLA. Would it be OK to inject the node with some formalin to stimulate immunity?
Definition
YES
Term
You have a production goat with CLA. Would it be OK to inject the node with some formalin to stimulate immunity?
Definition
NO
Term
This pathogen used to be within P. multocida. It is a major problem causing die offs in bighorn sheep out west
Definition
Bibersteinia trehelosi
Term
There is a mycoplasma for sheep and one for bovine and one for caprine. Which one ONLY causes resp disease
Definition
Sheep
Term
Genus and species of sheep Mycoplasma
Definition
Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae
Term
Which mycoplasma is a big deal- the one in goats or sheep?
Definition
Goat
Term
If you see a goat lung that reminds you a lot like M. haemolytica in cows, think:
Definition
Mycoplasma mycoides/capricolum
Term
OPP and CAE are what kind of retrovirus and like to infect what cell?
Definition
Lentivirus
Macrophage
Term
Which one can be transmitted through resp secretions: OPP or CAE?
Definition
OPP
Term
Which one is less commonly a resp disease: OPP or CAE
Definition
CAE
Term
Why is serology a great dx test for OPP and CAE
Definition
retroviruses- lifelong infection. If positive, they are currently infected
Term
With CAE, what is unfortunately the best management practice to get rid of it?
Definition
Test and Cull
Term
This disease cause by a retrovirus that specifically infects resp tract and causes neoplasia
Definition
OPA Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma
Term
Four respiratory-ish diseases cause by retroviruses in small ruminants
Definition
Enzootic nasal tumors
OPP Ovine progressive pneumonia
CAE Caprine arthritis encephalomyelitis
OPA Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinomoa
Term
Wheel barrow test ( turn em up and see if mucus pours out) is used to dx:
Definition
OPA Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma
Term
Five viral pathogens involved in BRD complex
Definition
BHV1
BVDV
BRSV
Bovone Coronavirus
Term
This bacteria can be involved in BRD only at the end to crash the party
Definition
Truperella pyogenes
Term
What makes a BRD cow depressed?
Definition
Endotoxin
Term
What si the culminating event of a bronchopneumonia?
Definition
Bacterial invasion
Term
Where is the common location of a bronchopneumonia ( bacterial)
Definition
Cranioventral
Term
BHV1 causes lots of mucosal ulceration in resp tract especially upper. What other two problems can it cause elsewhere
Definition
Conjunctivitis
Abortion
Term
This virus causes severe tracheitis
Definition
BHV-1
Term
BHV-1 can cause abortions even up to ___ days after the resp outbreak
Definition
100
Term
Alphaherpesviruses like to set up shop in the galngion of the ____ nerve
Definition
Trigeminal
Term
Supportive therapy for BHV-1
Definition
Fluids, ABs, NSAIDs
Term
This BHV-1 vaccine is safe for cows but prob gives less protection:
Definition
Killed
Term
This BHV-1 vaccines gives great immunity but dont give first time to preggo cows or neonatal calves
Definition
Modified Live
Term
BDVD is a ________ ( type virus) in the _____ family
Definition
Pestivirus; Flaviviridae
Term
What are the genotypes of BVDV
Definition
Type I Type II
Term
What are the biotypes of BVDV
Definition
Non- Cytopathic
Cytopathic
Term
A persistently infected calf was infected with a (CP/NCP) strain
Definition
Non- Cytopathic (NCP)
Term
How does a PI get mucosal disease?
Definition
When a NCP mutates to CP and mounts immune response
Term
Mucosal disease is a look-alike for what other types of diseases
Definition
Vesicular
Term
A more chronic mucosal disease will form if the new strain is genetically simialr/dissimilar to originally infected strain
Definition
Dissimilar
Term
Even though BVDV has some cool manifestations, the most clinically important one is that it causes:
Definition
Immunosuppression
Term
What types of cells does BVDV kill
Definition
Lymphoid
Term
Most cows in a herd are seropositive for this resp virus
Definition
BRSV
Term
Calves with interstitial pneumonia have (inspiratory/expiratory) difficulty
Definition
Expiratory
Term
Vaccines for this pathogen used to make disease worse because of formalin inducing hypersensitivity. Not true anymore- better vaccines
Definition
BRSV
Term
We will use BOTH steroids and NSAIDs to treat this bovine resp virus
Definition
BRSV
Term
What serotype is the commensal Mannheima haemolytica?
Definition
A2
Term
Histophilus somni has an affinity for ____ membranes
Definition
Endothelial
Term
Four flavors of M. bovis
Definition
1. Pneumonia
2. Mastitis
Term
Chronic pneumonia not responding to AB therapy
Definition
Mycoplasma bovis
Term
You treat nasal granulomas in cattel with iodine until:
Definition
See scruffiness ( signs of iodine toxicosis)
Term
Allergic rhinitis can become :
Definition
Enzootic nasal granulomas
Term
Who is predisposed to enzootic nasal granulomas?
Definition
Channel island breeds, young animals
Term
How do you treat allergic rhinitis in cattle
Definition
Steroids AND NSAIDs
Term
Sinusitis most commonly associated with ____ in _____
Definition
Dehorning
Bucking Bulls
Term
Vet Student + Balling Gun =
Definition
RPA (retropharyngeal abscesses)
Term
How might you drain an RPA (retropharyngeal abscesses)
Definition
from inside in esophagus
Term
Calf diptheria/ necrotic laryngitis is casued by
Definition
Fusobacterium necrophorum
Term
Before F. necrophorum comes in to cause necrotic laryngitis, what needs to happen?
Definition
laryngeal mucosal damage like stress, virus
Term
This calf has got some stiiiinky breath
Definition
necrotic laryngitis
Term
Etiology of tracheal edema syndrome
Definition
unk
Term
Fat cattle late in feed period. its hot out. CANT BREATHE
Definition
Tracheal edema syndrome
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