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Respiratory System- Ch.22
ARC- Anatomy 431 Moore
34
Anatomy
Graduate
04/07/2013

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Cards

Term
6 secondary functions of the respiratory system
Definition
1. Buoyancy
Term
Respiratory Tract
Definition
organs that conduct gases to/from the respiratory membrane
Term
Upper Respiratory tract (3)
Definition
nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx
Term
Lower Respiratory tracy (5)
Definition
larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
Term
Name the starting and ending structures of the conducting airways
Definition
Nasal cavity-> Oropharynx------> bronchioles-> terminal bronchioles
Term
Name the respiratory airways (4)
Definition
respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sac, alveoli
Term
What tissue warms and humidifies the air that enters the conducting airways?
Definition
Respiratory mucosa
Term
What structures make up the respiratory mucosa (4)
Definition
1. pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
2. goblet cells
3. lamina propria (areolar CT under mucus membrane)
4. seromucous glands
Term
Where do you find respiratory mucosa? (5)
Definition
1. nasal cavity
2. nasopharynx
3. larynx
4. trachea
5. bronchi
Term
What is the term for the action of sweeping trapped particles in the respiratory system to the oropharynx for disposal? What habit destroys the cilia that carry out this process?
Definition
Mucociliary escalator, smoking
Term
what epithelium do you find in the oropharynx and laryngopharynx? Why?
Definition
1. stratified squamos epithelium
2. protection. These areas are shared with the digestive tract.
Term
What is the progression of epithelium types in the bronchioles (largest to smallest)?
Definition
1. simple ciliated columnar w/goblet cells
2. simple ciliated cuboidal (no goblet)
3. simple cuboidal (no cilia/no goblet)
Term
How is air filtered / cleaned in the nasal cavity? (4)
Definition
1. nasal hairs filter large particles
2. mucus from goblet cells and seromucous glands trap smaller particles
3. seromucous glands secrete lysozymes (antibacterial enzyme)
4. Epithelial cells secrete defensins (antibiotic)
Term
What type of epithelium lines the super nasal cavity and conchae?
Definition
olfactory epithelium
Term
3 cartilages of the larynx
Definition
1. thyroid cartilage (hyaline)
2. cricoid cartilage (hyaline)
3. epiglottis (elastic cartilage)
Term
Valsalva's maneuver
Definition
closing the glottis and contracting the abdominals to increase intra-abdominal pressure (heavy lifting, defecation)
Term
What type of epithelium is found in the trachea?
Definition
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells and thick lamina propria
Term
What are the 3 layers of the Trachea?
Definition
mucosa- PCCE + goblet
Submucosa- DI CT with seromucous glands
Adentitia- outer layer of CT
Term
Does the trachea have muscle?
Definition
Yes. trachealis muscle. helps during cough reflex by constricting to accelerate air speed.
Term
Changes in conducting airways
Definition
1. decreasing cartilage (none in bronchioles)
2. decreasing cilia and goblet cells (goblet cells only in largest brochioles)
3. fewer seromucous glands (none in bronchioles)
4. Thinning respiratory epithelium ending with simple cuboidal
5. increasing proportion of smooth muscle and elastic tissue compared to size of airway
Term
What structure attaches the lung to the mediastinum
Definition
lung root
Term
Name the lobes of the left lung and the division between them
Definition
Superior and inferior lobe divided by the oblique fissure
Term
Name the lobes of the right lung and the division between them
Definition
Super and middle lobe divided by the horizontal fissure. Middle and inferior lobe divided by the oblique fissure
Term
How many terminal bronchioles and pulmonary lobules come from each bronchopulmonary segment?
Definition
1 segment = 6500 terminal bronchioles
1 terminal bronchiole = 1 pulmonary lobule
Term
How many alveoli do you have per lung?
Definition
150 million
Term
Name the 3 cell types found in the alveolar wall?
Definition
1. Type 1 alveolar cells (simple squamos)
2. alveolar macrophages
3. Type II alveolar cells (septal cells)- surfactant
Term
Define the respiratory membrane and the 3 layers that it is made of
Definition
air blood interface that gases must diffuse across
1. Type 1 alveolar cells
2. basement membrane
3. endothelial cells of capillary
Term
What compound do capillary endothelial cells produce?
Definition
ACE- all blood passes through these capillaries in 1 minute so you are able to convert all ang I to Ang II in 1 minute.
Term
4 steps of respiration
Definition
1. pulmonary ventilation
2. External respiration
3. Transport
4. Internal Respiration
Term
Boyle's law
Definition
P1V1=P2V2
Term
Pneumothorax
Definition
hole in the thorax or lung allowing air to enter the pleural cavity
Term
Atelectasis
Definition
Collapsed lung due to air entering the pleural cavity
Term
What are the accessory muscles associated with forced inspiration
Definition
sternocleidomastoid
scalenes
pectoralis minor
serratus anterior
Term
What are the accessory muscles associated with forced expiration
Definition
internal intercostals
transverse thoracis
abdominal muscles
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