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Respiratory System
Lab
58
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
03/18/2013

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What is cartilaginous and bony and divides the nasal cavity into right and left halves
Definition
Nasal septum
Term
Each opening into the nasal cavity (nostril) is what?
Definition
External Naris
Term
The anterior part of the nasal cavity is the what?
It is lined with skin, and growing from this skin are coarse nasal hairs that act as air filters.
Definition
nasal vestibule
Term
What is located posterior to the nasal vestibule?
Definition
Nasal cavity
Term
Extending from each lateral wall of the nasal cavity proper are three bony shelves called the superior, middle and inferior what?
Definition
nasal conchae
Term
The conchae extend toward the nasal septum, and divide the nasal cavity proper into three passageways called what?
Definition
Meatuses
Term
What lines the mucosa of the nasal cavity proper?
Definition
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
Term
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium contains what type of cells?
Definition
Cilia and goblet cells
Term
Passageways on either side of the nasal septum; they connect the nasal cavity to the pharynx (throat)
Definition
internal nares
Term
A bony structure that forms the floor of the nasal cavity and the roof of the oral cavity
Definition
Hard palate
Term
Posterior to the hard palate; This muscular structure curves downward along the anterior wall of the upper throat. It ends as a nipple-like projection.
Definition
soft palate
Term
Nipple-like projection
Definition
uvula
Term
Also known as the throat. It is a funnel shaped five-inch long passageway that extends from the internal nares downward to the esophagus and larynx.
Definition
pharynx
Term
Three sections of the pharynx
Definition
nasopharynx
Term
The upper part, lying behind the nasal cavity

There are two prominent features
Definition
nasopharynx
Term
What tonsil lies in the posterior wall of the nasopharynx?
Definition
pharyngeal
Term
The small tubes of what connect the nasopharynx o the middle ear and help to equalize air pressure on either side of the eardrum
Definition
auditory tubes
Term
What epithelium lines the nasopharynx?
Definition
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
Term
what is the middle part of the pharynx, located behind the oral cavity; it extends from the soft palate downward to the level of the hyoid bone
Definition
oropharynx
Term
what is located on either side just behind the arch-like opening
Definition
palatine tonsils
Term
At the base of the tongue are two what?
Definition
lingual tonsils
Term
What kind of epithelium is the oropharynx lined with?
Definition
nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Term
The inferior part of the throat is the what?
Definition
laryngopharynx
Term
What epithelium lines the laryngopharynx?
Definition
nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelum
Term
Both are common passageways for for air, food and drink
Definition
oropharynx and laryngopharynx
Term
Another name is windpipe; It extends from the cricoid cartilage of the larynx into the chest where it divides and passes air to and from the lungs
Definition
trachea
Term
C-shaped hyaline cartilage struts that support the trachea and keep it open.
Definition
tracheal cartilages
Term
The cartilages do not continue posteriorly and an elastic what connects their open ends?
Definition
tracheal membrane
Term
Embedded in the tracheal membrane is a what? The muscle can constrict the trachea
Definition
trachealis muscle
Term
What connects the tracheal cartilages to each other?
Definition
Annular ligaments
Term
What is the function of the tracheal membrane?
Definition
It allows the esophagus to enlarge as food passes thru
Term
What consists of a mucous membrane with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium?
Definition
respiratory epithelium
Term
What is the tip of the lung called?
Definition
Apex
Term
What part of the lung is strongly concave?
Definition
Base
Term
The curvature of the dome-shaped _____________, the main muscle of respiration
Definition
Diaphragm
Term
What divides each lobe into lungs?
Definition
Deep fissures
Term
Does the right lung have one or two fissures? Which one(s)?
Definition
2.

Oblique fissure- passes diagonally down its front
Horizontal fissure
Term
What do the two fissures produce in the right lung?
Definition
An inferior, middle and superior lobe in the right lung
Term
Does the left lung have one or two fissures? Which one(s)?
Definition
1.

Oblique fissure- dividing it into inferior and superior lobes
Term
On the medial edge of the left lung is a deep indentation called the what?
**This notch accommodates the left facing apex of the heart
Definition
cardiac notch
Term
The medial surface of each lung has a split shaped area called what?
Definition
hilum
Term
enclosing each lung is a potential space called the what?
Definition
pleural cavity
Term
What forms the outer wall of the pleural cavity and what forms the inner wall?
Definition
Outer wall- parietal pleura

Inner- visceral pleura

**The mediastinum separates the two pleural cavities
Term
The primary (mainstream) bronchi are divisions of the trachea that transport air to each lung. What else are they called?
Definition
Pulmonary bronchi
Term
Which one is shorter, larger in diameter, and more vertical than the left one
Definition
The right one
Term
What are divisions of the primary bronchi?
Definition
Secondary (lobar) bronchi

** There are 3 in the right lung and 2 in the left lung
Term
What are divisions of the secondary bronchi?
Definition
Tertiary(segmental) bronchi
Term
What are small muscular airways that are usually one millimeter or less in diameter?

They are the first airway branches to no longer contain cartilage
Definition
bronchioles
Term
What else are bronchioles known as?
Definition
resistance airways
Term
What does asthma have to do with the bronchioles?
Definition
Excessive mucus limits airflow in bronchioles
Term
What airways conduct air to small lung compartments called lobules?
Definition
terminal bronchioles
Term
What delivers air to small chambers where gas exchange occurs?
Definition
respiratory bronchioles
Term
The small, bubble like chambers where gas exchange occurs are? What is one chamber called?
Definition
alveoli; alveolus
Term
At the end of a respiratory bronchiole, numerous alveoli form grape-like clusters called what?
Definition
alveolar sacs

**Most gas exchange occurs in alveolar sacs
Term
What supplies air to each alveolar sac?
Definition
Alveolar duct
Term
Squamous cells are also known as what?
Definition
Type 1 (alveolar) cells

**They form the bulk of the alveoli
Term
What are type 2 cells?
Definition
Septal cells. They are scattered along the alveolar.

The secrete a phospholipid, protein mixture called the surfactant
Term
What are type 3 cells?
Definition
Dust cells. Aveolar macrophages that patrol the inside of the alveolus and phagocytize dust particles
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