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Respiratory System
Muscles and bones of the Respiratory System
45
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
02/22/2009

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Term
Trachea consists of:
Definition
Flexible mucosal tube
Contracted smooth muscles
lined with ciliated epithelia
16-20 hyaline cartilage rings
Term
Generations of branching:
Definition
Trachea
Bronchi
Secondary (Lobular) Bronchi (serves lungs)
Tertiary Bronchi (serves lobes)
Bronchiole
terminal bronchioles
respritory bronchioles
terminal respritory bronchioles
aveolar duct
alveoli
Term
1 portion of a continuous plural sac (pleurae) within the thorax contains:
Definition
heart
esophagu
lymph nodes
phrenic nerve
blood vesicles
Term
Thoracic Pleural Linings
Definition
(from top clockwise)
Apical
Costal
Parietal
Diaphragmatic
Mediastinal
Visceral
Term
Role of Respiratory System in Protection
Definition
Nostril hairs
Mucosa
Ciliated epithelia
Lymphatic system
Warm air
Term
Emphysema
Definition
Pollutants destroy tracheal epithelia
Waste products collect in alveoli
Alveoli degenerate
Decreased surface area
Barrel chest
Reduced diaphragm contraction
Increase susceptibility to respiratory disease
Term
Plexus
Definition
collection of axons in the PNS
Term
Muscles of the trunk
Definition
Diaphragm
External intercostals
Internal intercostals
Levator costarum
Serratus posterior superior
Term
Muscles of the neck
Definition
Sternocleidomastoid
Scalenus
Trapezius
Term
Muscles of the Thorax, back and upper limb
Definition
Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
Serratus anterior
Subclavius
Levator scapulae
Rhomboideus major
Rhomboideus minor
Term
Attachment Points of the Diaphragm
Definition
Sternal Head
Costal Head
Vertebral Head
Term
Sternal Head
Definition
Origen: Xiphoid process
Insertion: sup-medial to central tendon
Innervation: Phrenic nerve from C3-C5 cervical plexus
Function: depress central tendon, enlarge thorax
Term
Costal Head
Definition
Origen: inferior margin of ribs 7-12
Insertion: sup-medial to central tendon
Innervation: Phrenic nerve from C3-C5 cervical plexus
Function: depress central tendon, enlarge thorax
Term
Vertebral head
Definition
Origen: corpus of L1, transverse process of L1-L5
Insertion: sup-medial to central tendon
Innervation: Phrenic nerve from C3-C5 cervical plexus
Function: depress central tendon, enlarge thorax
Term
External intercostal
Definition
Origen: inf. surface of ribs
Insertion: infer. - ant. on immediately inferior rib
Innervation: Intercostal nerves originating from T2-T11
Function: elevate ribs
Term
Interchondral (parasternal) portion of the Internal intercostal
Definition
Origen: inf. surface of ribs
Insertion: inf. -lateral on immediately inferior rib
Innervation: Intercostal nerves originating from T2-T11
Function: elevate ribs
Term
Levatores Costarum Brevis
Definition
Origen: transverse process of C7-T11
Insertion: Obliquely inferior-lateral to the immediate rib
Innervation: T2-T3 intercostal nerves
Function: elevate ribs 1-2
Term
Levatores Costarum Longis
Definition
Origen: transverse process of T7-T10
Insertion: Obliquely inferior-lateral to the subsequent rib
Innervation:T2-T3 intercostal nerves
Function: elevate ribs 9-12
Term
Serratus Posterior Superior
Definition
Origen: Spinous process of C7, T1-T3
Insertion: inferior-laterally to ribs 2-5
Innervation: Intercostal portion of Spinal nerves T1-T4 or T5
Function: elevate ribs 2-5
Term
Sternocleidomastoid
Definition
Origen: Mastoid process of the temporal bone
Insertion: inferior-medially to the sternum and clavicle
Innervation: CN XI (assessory) arising from C2-C4
Function: elevate sternum/ribs
Term
Scalenus anterior
Definition
Origen: transverse process of C3-C6
Insertion: inferiorly to rib 1
Innervation: Spinal nerves C4-C6
Function: elevate rib1
Term
Scalenus medius
Definition
Origen: transverse process of C2-C7
Insertion: inferiorly to rib1
Innervation: Cervical plexus C3-C4, Spinal nerves C5-C8
Function: elevate rib 1
Term
Scalenus posterior
Definition
Origen: transverse process of C5-C7
Insertion: inferiorily to rib2
Innervation: Spinal nerves C5-C8
Function: elevate rib 2
Term
Anterior Inspiratory Muscles
Definition
Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
Serratus anterior
Subclavius
Term
Pectoralis Major
Definition
Origen: sternum, clavicle
Insertion: lateral to humerus
Innervation: Brachial plexus C4-C7, T1
Function: elevates sternum
Term
Pectoralis Minor
Definition
Origen: chondral border of ribs 2-5
Insertion: superior laterally to scapula
Innervation: Brachial plexus C4-C7, T1
Function: elevates ribcage
Term
Serratus Anterior
Definition
Origen: ribs 1-9, lateral surface of thorax
Insertion: superior-dorsally to scapula
Innervation: Brachial Plexus C5-C7
Function: Elevates ribs 1-9
Term
Subclavius
Definition
Origen: clavicle
Insertion: inferior medially to chondral margin of rib 1
Innervation: Brachial Plexus C5, C6
Function: elevates rib 1
Term
Posterior Inspiratory Muscles
Definition
Levator scapulae
Rhomboideus Major
Rhomboideus Minor
Trapezius
Term
Levator Scapulae
Definition
Origen: transverse process of C1-C4
Insertion: inferior-laterally to scapula
Innervation: Cervical plexus C3-C5
Function: elevates scapula
Term
Trapezius
Definition
Origen: spinous process of C2-T12
Insertion: lateral to scapula and clavicle
Innervation: XI assessory
Function: elongates neck
Term
Rhomboideus Major
Definition
Origen: spinous process of T2-T5
Insertion: Inferior-laterally to scapula
Innervation: Brachial plexus C5
Function: stabilizes pectoral girdle
Term
Rhomboideus Minor
Definition
Origen: spinous process of C7 & T1
Insertion: Inferior-laterally to scapula
Innervation: Brachial plexus C5
Function: stabilized pectoral girdle
Term
Muscles of Forced Expiration
Definition
Muscles of the Thorax, back and upper limb
Anterior
Internal intercostal
Transversus thoracis
Innermost intercostal
Posterior
Subcostal
Serratus posterior inferior
Latissimus dorsi
Abdominal Muscles
Anteriorlateral
Internal oblique abdominis
External oblique abdominis
Rectus abdominis
Posterior
Quadratus lumborum
Term
Internal Intercostal, interosseos portion
Definition
Origen: ribs 1-11
Insertion: inferior-laterally to immediate rib
Innervation: Intercostal Nerves, T2-T11
Function: Depress ribs 1-11
Term
Transversus Thoracic
Definition
Origen: sternum
Insertion: laterally to chondral surface of ribs 2-6
Innervation: Intercostal nerve derived from T2-T12
Function: Depress rib cage
Term
Innermost intercostal
Definition
Origen: ribs 1-11
Insertion: inferior-laterally to immediate rib
Innervation: Intercostal nerves arising from T2-T11
Function: depress ribs 1-11
Term
Serratus posterior inferior
Definition
Origen: spinous process of T11, T12, L1-L3
Insertion: superior laterally to ribs 7-12
Innervation: intercostal nerves from T9-T11, subcostal from T12
Function: depress rib cage
Term
Subcostal
Definition
Origen: posterior rib
Insertion: inferior medial to 2nd or 3rd preceding rib
Innervation: Intercostal nerves
Function: Depress Thorax
Term
Transverse abdominis
Definition
Origen: posterior thoracolumbar fascia of abdominal aponeurosis
Insertion: lateral to ribs 6-12, transverse abdominal aponeurosis, pubis
Innervation: spinal intercostal, T7-T12
Function: compress abdomen
Term
Internal oblique abdominis
Definition
Origen: inguinal ligament and iliac crest
Insertion: fans medially to lower ribs, abdominal aponeurosis
Innervation: spinal intercostal, T7-T12
Function: trunk rotation
Term
External oblique abdominis
Definition
Origen: lower 7 ribs
Insertion: fans inferiorly to iliac crest, inguinal ligament, abdominal aponeurosis
Innervation: T7-T12
Function: trunk rotation (unilateral contraction), vertebral extension (bilateral contraction)
Term
Rectus abdominis
Definition
Origen: pubis
Insertion: superiorly to xiphoid process, chondral portion if ribs 5-7
Innervation: intercostal nerves, T7-T11
Function: Flexion of vertebral column
Term
Quadratus lumborum
Definition
Origen: iliac crest
Insertion: fans superior-medially to transverse process of lumbar vertebrae and rib 12
Innervation: T12, L1-4
Function: stabilizes posterior abdominal wall for expiration
Term
Latissimus dorsi
Definition
Origen: sacral, Lumbar, lower thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: fans superior-laterally to humorous
Innervation: Brachial plexus, C6-C8
Function: stabilizes posterior abdominal wall for expiration
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