Term
| Quiet inspiration is an ____________ Process, and quiet expiration is a ______________ Process. |
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Definition
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. ________ Pressure, the difference between the intrapulmonary and intrapleural pressures, prevents the lungs from collapsing. |
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What is the amount of air that can be exhaled with the greatest possible exhalation after the deepest inhalation called? |
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Definition
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| What is the driving force behind pulmonary ventilation |
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Definition
| volume changes of thoracic cavity |
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Term
| Which parts of the respiratory system function as the main sites of gas exchange? |
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Definition
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The smallest subdivisions of the lung visible with the naked eye are the _____________, which appear to be connected by black carbon in smokers. |
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Definition
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Term
| two main functions of the larynx. |
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Definition
To provide a patent airway; to act as a switching mechanism to route air and food into the proper channels.
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Term
| secrete a fluid containing surfactant |
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Definition
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Where the respiratory zone of the lungs begins
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Definition
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| Cells Composed of simple squamous epithelium |
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Definition
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Definition
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| Cells Composed of cuboidal cells |
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Definition
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The respiratory membrane is composed of fused membrane of the capillary walls and...
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Definition
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No exchange of gases occurs here
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Definition
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___________ __________ coupling means that more blood flows past functional alveoli than past nonfunctional alveoli
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Definition
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Term
The ________ mucosal lining of the nasal cavity contains the receptors for the sense of smell
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Definition
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Term
The functions of the ____________ are to enhance the air turbulance in the cavity and to increase the mucosal surface area exposed to the air?
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Definition
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Term
| The lungs are perfused by two circulations: the pulmonary and the bronchial. The pulmonary circulation is for _________ of blood. The bronchial circulation supplies blood to the _________. |
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Definition
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Term
TRUE OR FALSE
Changes in arterial pH can modify respiration rate and rythm even when carbon dioxide and oxygen levels are normal?
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Definition
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Term
| ____________ pressure is normally about 4mm Hg less than the pressure in the alveoli |
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Definition
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Term
TRUE OR FALSE
The alveolar ventilation rate is the best index of effective ventilation?
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Definition
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Term
| Labored breathing is termed _________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Smoking diminishes ______ action and eventually destroys the ________ |
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Definition
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Term
TRUE OR FALSE
Tracheal obstruction is life threatening? |
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Definition
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Term
| The ________________ lines the thoracic wall |
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Definition
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Term
| _________ law states that the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases in the sum of the pressures exerted independently by each gas in the mixture? |
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Definition
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Term
| As carbon dioxide enters systemic blood, it causes more oxygen to dissociate from hemoglobin (the ________ effect), which in turn allows more CO2 to combine with hemoglobin and more biocarbonate ion to be generated (the ______ effect)? |
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Definition
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Term
TRUE OR FALSE
Oxygenated hemoglobin releases oxygen more readily when the pH is more basic? |
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Definition
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Term
TRUE OR FALSE
Under certain conditions, the vocal folds act as a sphincter that prevents air passage? |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the choices below is NOT a functional process performed by the respiratory system?
A) pulmonary ventilation
B) Transport of respiratory gases
C) external respiration
D) pulmonary respiration |
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Definition
| B) Transport of respiratory gases |
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Term
| The loudness of a person's voice depends on the... |
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Definition
) Force with which air rushes across the vocal folds |
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Term
| The walls of the aveoli are composed of two types of cells, type I and type II. The function of type II is to... |
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Definition
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Term
Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is __________ than the pressure in the atomosphere
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Definition
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Term
| __________ maintain the patency (openness) of the trachea? |
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Definition
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Term
Intrapulmonary pressure is the...
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Definition
| pressure within the alveoli of the lungs |
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Term
| ________ Law is the relationship between the pressure and volume of gases is given by |
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Definition
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Term
The statement "in a mixture of gases, the total pressureis the sum of the individual partial pressures of gases in the mixture" paraphrases _________ law
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Definition
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Term
Surfactant helps to prevent the alveoli from collapsing by...
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Definition
| interfering with the cohesiveness of water molecules, thereby reducing the surface tension of the alveolar fluid interfering with the cohesiveness of water molecules, thereby reducing the surface tension of the alveolar fluid |
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Term
with the Bohr effect, more oxygen is released because a(n) _______ in pH weakens the hemoglobin-oxygen bond
Is it alkalosis or acidosis? |
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Definition
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Term
The most powerful respiratory stimulus for breathing in a healthy person is ...
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Definition
| increase of carbon dioxide |
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Term
| What determines lung compliance |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| exchanged during normal breathing |
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Term
| determines the direction of respiratory gas movement |
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Definition
| Partial Pressure Gradient |
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Term
| A poossible causes of hypoxia includes |
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Definition
| too little oxygen in the air |
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Term
The lung volume that represents the total volume of exchangable air is the.
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is not a stimulus for breathing?
A) rising carbon dioxide levels
B) rising blood pressure
C) arterial Po2 below 60 mm Hg
D) arterial pH resulting from CO2 retention |
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Definition
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Term
| Respiratory control centers are located in the. |
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Definition
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Term
| The amount of reserve that can be inspired above the tidal volume is called. |
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Definition
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Term
| More _____ dissolves in the blood plasma than is carried in the RBC's |
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Definition
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Term
| Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs and through all cell membranes by. |
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Definition
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Term
| Air moves into the lungs because: |
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Definition
| the gas pressure in the lungs becomes lower than the outside pressure as the diaphragm contracts. |
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Term
Alveolar ventilation rate is:
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Definition
the movement of air into and out of the alveoli during a particular time.
Note: AVR= BPM x (TV - Dead space |
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Term
| _______ law states that volume changes lead to pressure changes. |
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Definition
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Term
| Hemoglobin has a tendency to release oxygen where ph is more (acidic or basic) |
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Definition
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Term
| Most of the carbon dioxide transported by the blood is: |
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Definition
| converted to bicarbonate ions and transported in plasma. |
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Term
| The elastic cartilage that shields the opening to the larynx during swallowing is the: |
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Definition
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Term
| The movement of air into and out of the lungs is called: |
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Definition
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Term
| The tissue that lines the Trachea? |
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Definition
| Pseudostratified columnar epithelium |
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Term
| Which respiratory structure has the smallest diameter? |
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Definition
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Term
| Involuntary hyperventilation during an anxiety attack can cause the person to become faint because of: |
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Definition
| lowered CO2 levels in the blood and consequent constriction of cerebral blood vessels. |
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Term
| controls the respiratory rate |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
FALSE
composed of the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli, all microscopic structures
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Term
| The _________________ is covered by a mucosa containing taste buds, and keeps food out of the lower respiratory passages |
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Definition
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Term
TRUE OR FALSE
The bronchial, or respiratory, tree branches approximately 23 times within the lungs. |
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Definition
TRUE
This branching pattern of airways is often called the bronchial, or respiratory, tree.
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Term
The _______ are the site of gas exchange within the lungs.
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Definition
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Term
| The ___________ is the elastic connective tissue found within the lungs. |
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Definition
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Term
| ________, or lung collapse, is a homeostatic imbalance that occurs when a bronchiole becomes plugged. |
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Definition
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Term
_________ law states that when a gas is in contact with a liquid, that gas will dissolve in the liquid in proportion to its partial pressure.
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Definition
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Term
| The increase in ventilation in response to metabolic needs is called ___________. |
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Definition
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