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Respiratory system
Respiratory system
74
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
10/27/2011

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Cards

Term
Quiet inspiration is an ____________ Process, and quiet expiration is a ______________ Process.
Definition
active; passive
Term

. ________ Pressure, the difference between the intrapulmonary and intrapleural pressures, prevents the lungs from collapsing.

Definition
Transpulmonary
Term

What is the amount of air that can be exhaled with the greatest possible exhalation after the deepest inhalation called?

Definition
vital capacity
Term
What is the driving force behind pulmonary ventilation
Definition
volume changes of thoracic cavity
Term
Which parts of the respiratory system function as the main sites of gas exchange?
Definition

alveoli

Term

The smallest subdivisions of the lung visible with the naked eye are the _____________, which appear to be connected by black carbon in smokers.

Definition
   lobules
Term
two main functions of the larynx.
Definition

To provide a patent airway; to act as a switching mechanism to route air and food into the proper channels.

 

Term
secrete a fluid containing surfactant
Definition
Type II cells
Term

Where the respiratory zone of the lungs begins

Definition
Respiratory bronchioles
Term
Cells Composed of simple squamous epithelium
Definition
Type I cells
Term
Terminates in alveoli
Definition
Aveolar duct
Term
Cells Composed of cuboidal cells
Definition
Type II Cells
Term

The respiratory membrane is composed of fused membrane of the capillary walls and...

Definition
Type I cells
Term

No exchange of gases occurs here

Definition
Segmental bronchi
Term

___________ __________ coupling means that more blood flows past functional alveoli than past nonfunctional alveoli

Definition
Ventilation perfusion
Term

The ________  mucosal lining of the nasal cavity contains the receptors for the sense of smell

Definition
olfactory mucosal
Term
The functions of the ____________  are to enhance the air turbulance in the cavity and to increase the mucosal surface area exposed to the air?

Definition
nasal conchae
Term
The lungs are perfused by two circulations: the pulmonary and the bronchial. The pulmonary circulation is for _________  of blood. The bronchial circulation supplies blood to the _________.
Definition
 oxygenation;  lung tissue
Term

TRUE OR FALSE

Changes in arterial pH can modify respiration rate and rythm even when carbon dioxide and oxygen levels are normal?

Definition
TRUE
Term
____________  pressure is normally about 4mm Hg less than the pressure in the alveoli
Definition
Intralpleural
Term

TRUE OR FALSE

The alveolar ventilation rate is the best index of effective ventilation?

Definition
TRUE
Term
Labored breathing is termed  _________
Definition
dispenea
Term
Smoking diminishes ______ action and eventually destroys the ________
Definition
ciliary, Celia
Term

TRUE OR FALSE

Tracheal obstruction is life threatening?

Definition
TRUE
Term
The ________________ lines the thoracic wall
Definition
parietal pleura
Term
_________   law states that the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases in the sum of the pressures exerted independently by each gas in the mixture?
Definition
Dalton's
Term
As carbon dioxide enters systemic blood, it causes more oxygen to dissociate from hemoglobin (the ________  effect), which in turn allows more CO2 to combine with hemoglobin and more biocarbonate ion to be generated (the ______ effect)?
Definition
haldane,  Bohr
Term

TRUE OR FALSE 

Oxygenated hemoglobin releases oxygen more readily when the pH is more basic?

Definition
TRUE
Term

TRUE OR FALSE

Under certain conditions, the vocal folds act as a sphincter that prevents air passage?

Definition
TRUE
Term
Which of the choices below is NOT a functional process performed by the respiratory system?
A) pulmonary ventilation
B) Transport of respiratory gases
C) external respiration
D) pulmonary respiration
Definition
B) Transport of respiratory gases
Term
The loudness of a person's voice depends on the...
Definition

) Force with which air rushes across the vocal folds

Term
The walls of the aveoli are composed of two types of cells, type I and type II. The function of type II is to...
Definition
 Secrete surfactant
Term
Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is  __________  than the pressure in the atomosphere 

Definition
Greater
Term
__________  maintain the patency (openness) of the trachea?
Definition
cartilage rings
Term
Intrapulmonary pressure is the...
Definition
pressure within the alveoli of the lungs
Term
________  Law is the relationship between the pressure and volume of gases is given by
Definition
Boyle's
Term
The statement "in a mixture of gases, the total pressureis the sum of the individual partial pressures of gases in the mixture" paraphrases _________  law 

Definition
Dalton's
Term
Surfactant helps to prevent the alveoli from collapsing by... 
Definition
 interfering with the cohesiveness of water molecules, thereby reducing the surface tension of the alveolar fluid interfering with the cohesiveness of water molecules, thereby reducing the surface tension of the alveolar fluid
Term

with the Bohr effect, more oxygen is released because a(n)   _______  in pH  weakens the hemoglobin-oxygen bond

 

 

Is it alkalosis or acidosis?

Definition
decrease ,  acidosis
Term
The most powerful respiratory stimulus for breathing in a healthy person is ...
Definition
 increase of carbon dioxide
Term
What determines lung compliance
Definition
alveolar surface tension
Term
Tidal volume is air.
Definition
exchanged during normal breathing
Term
determines the direction of respiratory gas movement
Definition
Partial Pressure Gradient
Term
A poossible causes of hypoxia includes
Definition
 too little oxygen in the air
Term
The lung volume that represents the total volume of exchangable air is the.
Definition
 vital capacity
Term

Which of the following is not a stimulus for breathing?
A) rising carbon dioxide levels
B) rising blood pressure
C) arterial Po2 below 60 mm Hg
D) arterial pH resulting from CO2 retention

Definition
B) rising blood pressure
Term
Respiratory control centers are located in the.
Definition
Medulla and Pons
Term
The amount of reserve that can be inspired above the tidal volume is called.
Definition
 inspiratory reserve
Term
More _____  dissolves in the blood plasma than is carried in the RBC's
Definition
CO2
Term
Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs and through all cell membranes by.
Definition
Diffusion
Term
Air moves into the lungs because:
Definition
the gas pressure in the lungs becomes lower than the outside pressure as the diaphragm contracts.
Term
Alveolar ventilation rate is:

Definition

the movement of air into and out of the alveoli during a particular time.

 

 

 

 

Note: AVR= BPM  x  (TV - Dead space

Term
_______ law states that volume changes lead to pressure changes.
Definition
Boyle's
Term
Hemoglobin has a tendency to release oxygen where ph is more (acidic or basic)
Definition
Acidic
Term
Most of the carbon dioxide transported by the blood is:
Definition
converted to bicarbonate ions and transported in plasma.
Term
The elastic cartilage that shields the opening to the larynx during swallowing is the:
Definition
epiglottis.
Term
The movement of air into and out of the lungs is called:
Definition
pulmonary ventilation.
Term
The tissue that lines the Trachea?
Definition
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Term
Which respiratory structure has the smallest diameter?
Definition
The Bronchiloe
Term
Involuntary hyperventilation during an anxiety attack can cause the person to become faint because of:
Definition
lowered CO2 levels in the blood and consequent constriction of cerebral blood vessels.
Term
controls the respiratory rate
Definition
Medulla
Term
TRUE OR FALSE
Definition

FALSE

composed of the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli, all microscopic structures

 

 

Term
The _________________ is covered by a mucosa containing taste buds, and keeps food out of the lower respiratory passages
Definition

epiglottis

 

 

Term

TRUE OR FALSE

The bronchial, or respiratory, tree branches approximately 23 times within the lungs.

Definition

TRUE

 

This branching pattern of airways is often called the bronchial, or respiratory, tree.  

 

Term
The _______ are the site of gas exchange within the lungs.

Definition
ALVEOLI
Term
The ___________ is the elastic connective tissue found within the lungs.
Definition
Stroma
Term
________, or lung collapse, is a homeostatic imbalance that occurs when a bronchiole becomes plugged.
Definition
Atelectasis
Term
_________ law states that when a gas is in contact with a liquid, that gas will dissolve in the liquid in proportion to its partial pressure.

Definition
Henry's
Term
The increase in ventilation in response to metabolic needs is called ___________.
Definition
hyperpnea
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