Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Respiratory System
FIU-Anatomy Exam 3
101
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
04/11/2011

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Pulmonary Ventilation
Definition
movement of air in and out of lungs aka breathing
Term
External Respiration
Definition
gas exchange between blood and alveolar sacs>> picked up O2 and dropped off CO2
Term
Transport of respiratory gases
Definition
cardiovascular transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide between lungs and tissue cells
Term
ardiovascular transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs between
Definition
lungs and tissue cells
Term
Internal Respiration
Definition
all respiration...glucose turned into ATP
Term
Organs in Respiratory System
Definition
nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, smaller branches leading to terminals, lungs, and alveoli
Term
Respiratory Zone
Definition
respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli
Term
Conducting Zone
Definition
entrance, nasal cavity, bronchioles
Term
Conducting Zone
Definition
target zone for ausculatation; Dr. looks for constriction
Term
If nose is congested...
Definition
alternate pathway is oral cavity (breath through mouth)
Term
Tracheostomy
Definition
person can't breathe out of nose
Term
Alveoli
Definition
is encapsulated by capillaries
Term
Nasal Cavity.. necessary because
Definition
air that you breathe must be filtered, moistened, and warm
Term
stethoscope
Definition
is used to inspect the conducting zone (entrance, nasal cavity, and bronchioles)
Term
Nose provides
Definition
airway, moistens/warms entering air, filters (by fibrissae), speech resonating chamber, olfactory receptors (smell)
Term
Fibrissae
Definition
filters air; appears as whiskers in animals
Term
Goblet cells
Definition
assist moistening effect in nose; produce mucin
Term
Nasal warms up
Definition
due to blood vessels (ie kiesselbachs)
Term
olfactory receptors
Definition
superior most aspect of nasal cavity
Term
rhinosplasty
Definition
nose job
Term
Constant drug use
Definition
can cause an eroded septum
Term
External Nose
Definition
nasal bones, maxillary bone, lateral hyaline cartilage, greater and lesser alar cartilages, external nares
Term
Nasal Cavity
Definition
septum, superior-inferior-and middle conchae, meati (grooves for air), respiratory epithelium (pseudostratified epithelium)
Term
Septum composed of
Definition
septal cartilage, perpendicular plate, vomer
Term
Respiratory epithelium is
Definition
pseudostratified epithelium
Term
Paranasal sinuses
Definition
frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, maxillar

*all interconnected by ostia
Term
sinusitis
Definition
calcification of/build up of mucus >> sinus headache
Term
nasal bones
Definition
forms bridge of noseand part of maxilla
Term
lateral cartilage
Definition
shaved during during rhinoplasty
Term
external nares are
Definition
airway/ nostrilsb
Term
snoring
Definition
occurs by uvula flutters
Term
superior-inferior-middle conchae and meati aka
Definition
turbinates; swirl air around to moisten/warm
Term
Pharynx
Definition
connects nasal cavity and mouth to larynx and esophagus
Term
3 regions of pharynx
Definition
nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

air flows through all 3 regions
Term
Nasopharynx
Definition
posterior to nasal cavity, inferior to sphenoid bone; superior to soft palate level
Term
Auditory tubes
Definition
aka eustachian tubes; leads to inner ear
Term
Strep throat
Definition
lesions in the area of the oropharynx
Term
Oropharynx
Definition
lies posterior to oral cavity

extends from soft palate to esophagus

contains 2 tonsils: palatine and lingual tonsils

epithelium transitions from pseudostratifies to stratified squamous due to food intake
Term
In Oropharynx, epithelium
Definition
transitions from pseudostratified to stratified squamous due to food intake
Term
2 tonsils in oropharynx region of pharynx
Definition
lingual and palatine
Term
Laryngopharynx
Definition
lies directly posterior to epiglottis and extends to larynx
Term
apthae
Definition
sores
Term
Pharyngitis
Definition
sore throat; build up in oropharynx
Term
Larynx
Definition
extends 2 inches fromm c4-c6

attaches to hyoid bone superiorly
Term
functions of larynx
Definition
providing patent airway and to route air and & food into proper channels; voice production
Term
Laryngeal Framework
Definition
thyroid cartilage, laryngeal prominence, cricoid cartilage, arytenoid corniculate, cuneiform, vestibular fold, vocal fold, epiglottis
Term
Epiglottis
Definition
elastic cartilage; closes airway from incoming food...diverts food/fluids towards esophagus; away from windpipe
Term
Intrinsic Muscles
Definition
arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform
Term
Laryngitis
Definition
problem with phonation
Term
laryngeal prominence
Definition
adam's apple
Term
Laryngitis
Definition
problem with phonation
Term
laryngeal prominence
Definition
adam's apple
Term
vestibular fold
Definition
false vocal cords
Term
vocal fold
Definition
true vocal cords; elastic CT; vary in length
Term
Adduct
Definition
(towards midline) creates higher pitch
Term
Abduct
Definition
creates low pitch (bass sound)
Term
Strained voice
Definition
marked by red and swollen vocal chords
Term
Laryngeal Musculature
Definition
extrinsic (stabilization); intrinsic (regulate vocal fold tension)
Term
Intrinsic Laryngeal Musculature
Definition
regulates vocal fold tension
Term
Trachea
Definition
aka windpipe; Descends from larynx into mediastinum

10-12 cm (4 inches) long; 2.5 cm (1 in) diameter
Term
Tracheal Walls
Definition
mucosa (lumen), submucosa (lumen), adventitia

lumen: space where air travels
Term
Trachealis muscle
Definition
located posteriorly; when it contracts, diameter of trachea decreased
Term
Carina
Definition
located on the end/terminas of the trachea

palpate yourself to find end of trachea and beginning of L & R primary bronchi
Term
Right/Left Primary Bronchi: Conducting Zone
Definition
extra pulmonary (found outside of lung)
Term
3 types of Bronchioles:Conducting Zone
Definition
Secondary (lobar), Tertiary (segmental),Terminal
Term
Conducting Zone: Structural chanes as bronchi diameter diminishes..
Definition
-Cartilage ring replaced by irregular cartilaginous plates

-Histology changes: pseudostratified>columnar>cuboidal
-Smooth muscle increases

* changes can be altered by smoking
Term
Chronic Smoker
Definition
has stratified squamous epithelium in bronchioles
Term
Bronchial Tree: Respiratory Zone
Definition
Terminal bronchioles feed into respiratory bronchioles

-alveolar ducts
-alveolar sacs
-alveoli
Term
Gross Anatomy of Lung: 3 anatomical landmarks
Definition
apex (cupola), base (concave), root (hilus)
Term
type 1 cells
Definition
located in alveolar walls
Term
Lobes found in RIGHT lung
Definition
superior, middle, inferior
Term
Lobes found in LEFT lobes
Definition
superior, inferior
Term
Fissures found in Lung
Definition
Horizontal and Oblique

Horizontal is only found in RIGHT lung
Term
Surfaces in Lung
Definition
Costal, mediastinal, Cardiac Notch

CT, trabeculae, elastic fibers, smooth muscles, and lymphatics
Term
Bronchial arteries
Definition
supply blood to bronchi and lung tissue
Term
Venules/Veins in the lung
Definition
oxy blood
Term
Pulmonary Plexus is a
Definition
parasympathetic motor
Term
plexus
Definition
= veins
Term
Visceral Sensory Fibers
Definition
allows you to perceive pain in the lungs
Term
Components of the Pleurae
Definition
Parietal= lines the wall/cavity
Visceral= lines the organ (lung)
Pleural Cavity = where air is trapped; serous fluid (used to reduce friction)
Term
Respiratory Muscles
Definition
Diaphragm, External Intercostals (elevate), Internal Intercostals (depress), Innermost Intercostals, Transversus Thoracis, Accessory Muscles
Term
Accessory Muscles for Inspiration
Definition
sternocleidomastoid, serratus anterior, pectoralis minor, scaleness

*all involved in forced inspiration
Term
VAN
Definition
veins, arteries, and nerves reside btwn. innermost and internal intercostal
Term
pericardiosentesis
Definition
puncturing pericardium to remove blood from cardiac tamponade
Term
Internal Intercostals
Definition
depress ribs to reduce space
Term
Innermost Intercostals
Definition
VAN found between this layer and the internal intercostals
Term
External Intercostals
Definition
main job is to elevate the ribs to create more space
Term
Accessory Muscles for Expiration
Definition
external/internal intercostals, abdominal obliques, rectus abdominus
Term
Respiratory Movements
Definition
Eupnea and hyperpnea
Term
Eupnea
Definition
diaphragmatic breathing/ costal breathing

aka passive breathing
Term
Hyperpnea
Definition
fast breathing
Term
Type 1 Cells
Definition
-known as epitheliocytes
Term
Alveolar Macrophages
Definition
dust cells
Term
Respiratory Membrane
Definition
fused basal laminas of alveolar epithelium & capillary endothelium

-gas exchange
Term
Pores of Kahn
Definition
involved in collateral ventilation
Term
Pulmonary Ventilation
Definition
Inspiration- diaphragm pushes down, intercostals space expand

Expiration- quiet vs. forced
Term
Obstructive Emphysema
Definition
alveolar enlargement, alveolar wall deterioration
Term
Chronic Bronchitis
Definition
inhaled irritants
Term
Asthma
Definition
broncho-dilater receives swelling of submucosa
Term
Tuberculosis
Definition
Bacteria C. tuberculin
Term
Lung Cancer
Definition
starts in bronchi
Supporting users have an ad free experience!