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Respiratory System
N/A
44
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
12/03/2015

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Term
Conducting zone
Definition
movement of air
Term
respiratory zone
Definition
exchange of gases
Term
Respiratory Bronchioles leads to what?
Definition
alveolar ducts to the alveolar sacs.
Term
the nasal cavity
Definition
divided by the nasal septum.
continuous with the nasopharynx.
Term
2 types of mucous membranes in the nasal cavity
Definition
olfactory mucosa
respiratory mucosa
Term
Olfactory mucosa
Definition
houses olfactory receptors
Term
respiratory mucosa
Definition
lines the nasal cavity and it is filled with goblet cells in the epithelium.
Term
goblet cells
Definition
secrete mucus that destroys bacteria.
Term
3 parts of the nasal conchae
Definition
superior, middle, inferior
Term
superior and middle conchae is part of what bone?
Definition
ethmoid
Term
The pharynx is divided in to 3 sections, what are they?
Definition
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
Term
the nasopharynx
Definition
only an air passageway
contains the adenoids (pharyngeal tonsils)
contains the pharyngotympanic tube opening
Term
Pharyngeal tonsil
Definition
also known as adenoids.
located on the posterior wall
and it destroys entering pathogens.
Term
pharyngotympanic tube
Definition
has the tubal tonsil which also provides immunal defense
Term
Oropharynx and the two types of tonsils
Definition
extends from soft palate to epiglottis.
palatine and lingual
Term
Where are the palatine tonsils and lingual tonsils located?
Definition
palatine: lateral walls
lingual" posterior surface of tongue
Term
Laryngopharynx (passageway of what? and what tissue?)
Definition
passageway for both food and air
contains the stratified squamous epithelium.
Term
three functions of the larynx
Definition
voice
open airway
routes air and food into proper channels
Term
Superior opening of the larynx is closed during? and open during?
Definition
closed during swallowing
open during breathing
Term
Thyroid cartilage
Definition
located in the larynx. what makes your adam's apple.
Term
3 pairs of small cartilage in the larynx
Definition
arytenoid (anchors the vocal cords)
corniculate
cuneiform
Term
epiglottis
Definition
tips inferiorly during swallowing
Term
Vocal folds
Definition
located in the larynx
produces sound.
Term
Vestibular folds
Definition
"false vocal cords"
no role in producing sound.
Term
epithelium of the larynx
Definition
stratified squamous (superior)
pseudostratified ciliated columnar (inferior)
Term
the trachea
Definition
has the carina.
Term
carina
Definition
located in the trachea divides into two primary bronchi.
Term
Bronchial tree (primary and right)
Definition
primary bronchi is the largest bronchi
right main bronchi is wider and shorter than the left.
Term
Alveoli (and internal surface of it)
Definition
part of the respiratory zone
2 types of cells: 1 and 2
interconnected by alveolar pores.
internal surface: free movement of alveolar macrophages
Term
type 1 cell of alveoli
Definition
single layer of simple squamous epthilial tissue.
surrounded by basal lamina
Term
type 2 cell of alveoli (what does it secrete and what tissue?)
Definition
scattered among type 1.
cuboidal cells.
secretes surfactant
Term
what is surfactant?
Definition
reduces surface tension within alveoli
Term
Pulmonary arteries
Definition
in the lungs.
deliver poor oxygenated blood TO the lungs
Term
Pulmonary veins
Definition
carry oxygenated blood TO the heart
Term
2 phases of pulmonary ventilation
Definition
inspiration
expiration
Term
Inspiration (what law?)
Definition
boyles law. pressure and volume are interrelated.
volume of thoracic cavity increases, gas pressure decreases)
Term
quiet breathing is the action of what? what muscles innervates this action?
Definition
disphragm (diaphragm flattens)
intercostal muscles
Term
quiet expiration is an active or passive process? what happens to the inspiratory muscles? what happens to the volume of the thoracic cavity?
Definition
passive
inspiratory muscles relaxes
volume decreases
Term
what happens in DEEP inspiration?
Definition
external intercostals raises ribs
scalenes- lifts up ribs 1 and 2 when inhaling
sternocleidomastoid
pectoralis major
erector spinae- extends back
Term
Expiration (forced expiration is an active or passive process?) which muscles contract?
Definition
active process.
intercostal muscles and abdominals contract.
Term
neural control of ventilation: what group controls it and where is it located?
Definition
ventral respiratory group located in the medulla oblongata.
Term
what do the chemoreceptors do?
Definition
they are sensitive to the rise and fall of O2 levels.
Term
where are the central chemoreceptors located?
Definition
medulla
Term
what are the two peripheral chemoreceptors?
Definition
aortic bodies
carotid bodies
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