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Respiratory System
structures, function, respiration
37
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
02/01/2014

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Cards

Term
What are the 5 functions of the respiratory system?
Definition
-gas exchange
-regulating blood pH
-regulating temperature
-producing sounds
-sense of smell (receptors in nasal epithelium)
Term
How does the respiratory system regulate blood pH?
Definition
altering CO2 levels by changing the rate of respiration & volume of air taken in
Term
What tissues are involved in the respiratory system?
Definition
nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs
Term
What are the 2 types of respiration? What is the difference between the two?
Definition
External: ventilation of lungs & gas exchange between lungs and blood

Internal: Gas exchange between capillaries and tissue cells
Term
What is the importance of filtering & moistening air before it reaches the lungs?
Definition
-prevent hypothermia
-prevent dust, pathogens, foreign material etc from entering the lungs
Term
What structures are involved with getting air into the lungs?
Definition
nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles
Term
What structures are involved with gas exchange in the lungs?
Definition
Bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli
Term
What is the composition & function of mucus?
Definition
-made of water & glycoproteins

-lubricates tissue in the respiratory tract
-traps foreign particles
-contains enzymes & antibodies to defend against pathogens
Term
What separates the left & right nares? What is this structure made of?
Definition
median nasal septum
cartilage
Term
What lines the nasal passages and what is the function of this lining?
Definition
Ciliated epithelium
-cilia push mucus & trapped debris up & out of the nasal passages, to the pharynx, where it will be swallowed
Term
What is the name for the air pathways formed by nasal conchae (turbinates)?
Definition
meatuses
Term
What is the name for the scroll-like structures found within the nasal cavity
Definition
Nasal conchae or turbinates
Term
How would you describe the location of the nasal passages
Definition
Between the nostrils & the pharynx
Term
What structure separates the nasal cavity from the mouth?
Definition
Roof of the mouth (hard & soft palate)
Term
What is the soft palate composed of?
Definition
muscle fibers embedded in the mucus membrane
Term
True or False

The hard palate is made up of bones
Definition
True
Term
What connects the mouth & nasal cavity to the larynx & esophagus?
Definition
Pharynx
Term
What prevents food particles from entering the trachea?
Definition
The epliglottis
Term
The respiratory system starts ________ and ends _______ while the digestive system stars ________ and ends _________
Definition
dorsal...ventral
ventral.....dorsal
Term
Describe the composition of the larynx
Definition
Segments of cartilage connected by muscle
Term
What is the name for the caudal region of the larynx?
Definition
laryngopharynx
Term
What is the function of the larynx?
Definition
-keep food out of respiratory tract
-includes voice box for making sounds
-includes glottis to control air flow to/from lungs
Term
What is the function of the cartilaginous rings in the trachea?
Definition
Keeps the trachea open
Term
True or False

The trachea is made of complete C-shaped cartilage rings
Definition
False

The rings are incomplete at the dorsal region
Term
True or False

The trachea has a ciliated epithelium
Definition
True
Term
Why do the cilia in the trachea sweep in a direction opposite to the nasal passages?
Definition
So that mucus & debris is not swept into the lungs
Term
As the amount of bronchial branching increases the amount of cartilage _______
Definition
decreases
Term
Describe the bronchial tree
Definition
Trachea -> L&R bronchi -> secondary & tertiary bronchi -> terminal bronchioles -> alveolar ducts -> alveolar sacs -> alveoli
Term
What are the smallest passageways in the respiratory system?
Definition
alveolar ducts
Term
What is the term for groups of alveoli
Definition
Alveolar sacs
Term
What is the functional unit for gas exchange?
Definition
alveoli
Term
What keeps the alveoli from collapsing?
Definition
fluid containing surfactant to reduce surface tension
Term
How is O2 and CO2 able to freely diffuse between air and blood?
Definition
alveoli & capillaries are very thin-walled structures
Term
Describe the typical flow of oxygen during gas exchange between alveoli & blood, until it reaches the heart
Definition
alveolus -> alveolar capillary -> pulmonary venule -> veins -> pulmonary veins -> heart
Term
Where does the CO2 come from and what happens to it during respiration?
Definition
-comes from pulmonary arterioles
-is exhaled
Term
[image]
Definition

1. epiglottis

2. larynx

3. trachea

4. bronchus (left)

5. brionchiole tree

6. lung (left)

7. alveolar duct

8. lung (right)

9. alveolus

10. alveolar sacs

Term
True or False

Alveoli are involved with air conduction
Definition
False
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