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Respiratory System
General Organization and Function
60
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
07/28/2009

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Conducting Portion of the respiratory track

includes

Definition

the nose

 nasal cavity

 pharynx

 larynx

 trachea

 primary bronchi to the terminal bronchioles

Term
Respiratory Portion includes
Definition
respiratory bronchiles and alveolar ducts, air sacs (alveoli) in the lower respiratory tract
Term
Upper Respiratory Tract is composed of
Definition

nose

nasal cavity

paranasal sinuses

pharynx

 

Part of the conducting system

Term
What structures form the roof of the nasal cavity
Definition

frontal bone

nasal bones

cribriform plate of the ethmoid

sphenoid bone

Term
What structures form the nasal cavity floor
Definition

palatine process of the maxillae

horizontal plate of the palatine bone

Term
Vestibule
Definition
the anterior region of the nasal cavity
Term
Paranasal Sinuses
Definition

frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoida, and maxillary sinuses

 

Term
What structure warms and humidifies the air we breath in
Definition
the nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses
Term
Pharynx is composed of
Definition

nasopharynx

oropharynx

laryngopharynx

Term
Nasopharynx
Definition

paired auditory openings on the lateral wall and a pharyngeal tonsil on the posterior wall

 

conducts air

lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Term
Oropharynx
Definition

paired palatine tonsils on the lateral walls and lingual tonsils at the base of the tongue

 

Conducts air, serves as passageway for food and drink

 

lined nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Term
Laryngopharynx
Definition
is continuous with the larynx and esophagus
Term
Larynx
Definition

conducts air into the trachea and lower respiratory tract, and produces sound

 

composed of cartilage and has paired vocal folds that produce sound when air passes between them

Term
Trachea
Definition
is lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium and has C shaped tracheal cartilage rings that support the tracheal wall and prevent it collapse
Term
Bronchial Tree
Definition
conducts respiratory gases from the primary bronchi to the terminal bronchioles
Term
What is the Bronchial tree passageway
Definition

Primary bronchi

Secondary bronchi

Tertiary bronchi

Bronchioles

Terminal bronchioles

Term
Respiratory bronchioles branch from
Definition
terminal bronchioles and have alveoli outpocketings in their walls
Term
Alveolus
Definition

is a small thin sac with alveolar type I cell - squamous alveolar cell -  promotes rapid gas diffusion across the aleolar wall

and

alveolar type II cell - septal cell secrete pulmonary surfactant that coats the inner alveolar surface to reduce surface tension and prevent the collapse of the alveoli

Term
Alveolar type I cells promote
Definition
rapid gas diffusion
Term
Alveolar type II cells
Definition
secrete pulmonary surfactant
Term
Alveolar macrophages
Definition
remove inhaled particulate materials from alveolar surfaces
Term
The respiratory membrane consists of
Definition

alveolar type I cells

endothelial cell of a capillary

fused basement membranes

Term
The lungs are located where
Definition
lateral to the mediastinum in the thoracic cavity
Term
Pleura cavities
Definition
are sandwiched between the pleural layers
Term
The viseral pleura covers
Definition
the lung outer surface
Term
The parietal pleura lines
Definition
the internal thoracic walls
Term
The pleural mambrane
Definition
produce serous fluid
Term
The base of the lung is located where
Definition
upon the diaphragm
Term
The apex of the lung is located where
Definition
superior surface
Term
The costal surface of the lung is located where
Definition
against the thoracic wall
Term
The mediastinal surface of the lung is located where
Definition
facing the mediastinum
Term
What passes through the hilum of the lung
Definition

bronchi

pulmonary vessels

lypmh vessels

and nerves

Term
All structrues passing through the hilium are  termed
Definition
the root of the lung
Term
The left lung has a medial surface indentation called
Definition
cardiac impression, that is formed by the heart
Term
The left lung has an anterior indented region called
Definition
cardiac notch
Term
What two fissures seperate the right lung
Definition

The horizontal fissure - seperates the superior from the middle lobe

 

oblique Fissure - seperates the middle from the inferior lobe

Term
The pulmonary circulation of the lung
Definition
transports blood to and from the gas exchange surfaces of the lungs
Term
The bronchial circulation of the lung
Definition
supplies the bronchi and bronchioles
Term
The connective tissue of the lung houses what
Definition
lymph nodes and lymph vessels
Term
What is breathing called
Definition
pulmonary ventilation
Term
What is pulmonary ventilation
Definition
the movement of air into and out of the respiratory tract
Term
What drives ventilation
Definition
Change in air pressure between the atmosphere and the alveoli
Term
What causes the thoracic cavity space to increase vertically, laterally and in an anterior posterior direction
Definition
inhalation
Term
Exhalation causes
Definition
the thoracic cavity to return to it original size
Term
During external respiration the primary muscles that move the ribs are
Definition

Scalene

external intercostal

serratus posterior superior (for forced exhalation)

internal intercostal

transversus thoracis

serratus posterior inferior

Term
Sympathetic stimulation in the lungs causes
Definition
bronchodilation
Term
Parasympathetic stimulation in the lungs causes
Definition
bronchoconstriction
Term
The respiratory center is located in the
Definition
medulla oblongata
Term
The dorsal respiratory group is for
Definition
inspiration
Term
The ventral respiratory group is for
Definition
forced expiration
Term
The apneustic and pneumotaxic centers within the pons influence
Definition
the respiration rate by modifying the activity of the dorsal respiratory group
Term
The respiratory system becomes less efficient with age due to
Definition
loss of elasticity and loss or decreased size and functionality of alveoli
Term
Early in the fourth week of development in the lungs a
Definition
respiratory diverticulum forms and leads to primary bronchial buds by late in that same week
Term
By the fifth week of development in the lungs
Definition
primary bronchial buds branch into secondary bronchial buds
Term
The lungs By week 16 of development
Definition
secondary bronchial buds undergo further branching until terminal bronchioles are formed
Term
The lungs by Week 16 - 18 have developed
Definition
Respiratory bronchiles from from the terminal bronchioles
Term
Epistaxis
Definition

bleeding from the nose; may be caused by allergies, hypertension, infection, or nasal trauma. 

 

Also called nosebleed or nasal hemorrhage

Term
Heimlich maneuver
Definition
a potentially life-saving technique in which external pressure applied to the abdominal region dislodges and expels a foreign object from  the larynx or trachea
Term
hyaline membrane disease
Definition
disease seen especially in premature neonates with reduced amounts of lung surfactant
Term
Pulmonary embolism
Definition
Obstruction or occlusion of a pulmonary vessel by an embolus (foreign materal or blood clot)
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