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Respiratory System pages 3-6
larynx (concluded), trachea, primary bronchi, lungs, pleura, introduction to air and the behavior of gases
34
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
01/30/2008

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

 

___ muscles raise the larynx against the

epiglottis and bend the epiglottis.

At the same time, ___ muscles contract

to close the glottis. 

Definition

 

 

 

extrinsic, intrinsic 

Term

 

 

 

How can food trigger the coughing reflex? 

Definition

 

 

 

Food that touches the vestibular or

vocal folds triggers the coughing reflex. 

Term

 

 

 

What is the role of the glottis

after the coughing reflex is triggered? 

Definition

 

 

 

First, the glottis is kept closed as the chest

and abdominal muscles contract to compress

the lungs. The glottis is then opened suddenly

and the resulting burst of air clears the entrance

to the glottis. 

Term

 

 

 

The trachea is anterior or posterior

to the esophagus? 

Definition

 

 

 

anterior 

Term

 

 

 

The trachea is about ___ in diameter

and about ___ long. 

Definition

 

 

 1 inch, 4 inches

 

Term

 

 

 

Describe the epithelium of the trachea. 

Definition

 

 

 

The epithelium of the trachea is a

ciliated pseudostratified epithelium

with goblet cells. 

Term

 

 

 

In which direction do the cilia of

the trachea move mucous? 

Definition

 

 

 

Cilia move mucous upward to the

laryngopharynx, where it is swallowed. 

Term

 

 

 

What keeps the trachea rigid? 

Definition

 

 

 

The wall of the trachea contains 15-20

"C"-shaped rings of cartilage. 

Term

 

 

 

What allows the trachea to stetch and recoil? 

Definition

 

 

 

Elastic connective tissue allows the trache to be

stretched lengthwise during inhalation and to

recoil during exhalation. 

Term

 

 

 

The open ends of each "C"-shaped section of

cartilage are at the ___ of the trachea and are

joined to each other by ___. 

Definition

 

 

 

posterior, smooth muscle 

Term

 

 

 

What is structurally significant about how only

the anterior of the tracheal wall is rigid? 

Definition

 

 

 

The esophagus can expand anteriorly

as swallowed food passes through it. 

Term

 

 

 

How are the walls of the primary bronchi

like the wall of the trachea? 

Definition

 

 

 

Both the bronchi and trachea have "C"-shaped

sections of cartilage. 

Term

 

 

 

What is the hilus of the lung? 

Definition

 

 

The hilus of the lung is a groove on the medial

surface of the lung at which the brouchus,

blood vessels, and nerves enter the lungs. 

Term

 

 

 

The combined structure of blood vessels, nerves,

and the primary bronchi, bound together with

connective tissue, is called the ___. 

Definition

 

 

 

root of the lung 

Term

 

 

 

How many lobes do the lungs have? 

Definition

 

 

Five: 2 on the left lung and 3 on the right lung 

Term

 

 

 

Name all the air passages distal

to the primary bronchi. 

Definition

 

 

 

secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi,

bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli 

 

Term

 

 

 

What kind of blood do the bronchial

arteries provide the lungs? 

Definition

 

 

systemic (or oxygenated) blood 

Term

 

 

 

Why do the lungs recoil when stretched? 

Definition

 

 

 

a large amount of elastic fibers in

connective tissue 

Term

 

 

 

What is the function of smooth muscle

circularly arranged around the bronchioles? 

Definition

 

 

 

The smooth muscle regulates the amount

of air entering the lung alveoli. 

Term

 

 

 

What would you call a

microscopic lung unit? 

Definition

 

 

 

pulmonary lobule 

Term

 

 

 

What are the three types of cells

found in the alveoli? 

Definition

 

 

 

squamous cells of the epithelium,

surfactant-secreating cuboidal cells,

 and dust-eating alveolar macrophages

Term

 

 

 

About how many dust cells can we

expect to swallow by the time this

two-hour class is over? 

Definition

 

 

 

over 4 million 

Term

 

 

 

What do we call the mixture of phospholipids

and proteins that forms a superfical coating

on the alveolar surfaces? 

Definition

 

 

 

pulmonary sufactant 

Term

 

 

 

What is the functional significance

of pulmonary sufactant? 

Definition

 

 

 

The surfactant prevent water molecules from

forming a strong bond, which means the alveoli

don't collapse every time we exhale--the way

they would if the alveoli were covered in a thin

flim of water without surfactant. 

Term

 

 

 

How is infant respiratory distress

syndrome treated? 

Definition

 

 

 

It is treated with positive-pressure respirators

and by spraying surfactant into the newborn's

respiratory passageways. 

Term

 

 

 

What separates the air in the

aveolus from the blood? 

Definition

 

 

 

A thing layer of tissue called the

respiratory membrance separates

the air in the alveolus from the

blood. 

Term

 

 

 Why does diffusion across the respiratory

membrane proceed rapidly? 

 

Definition

 

 

 

The distance is small (.5 micrometers)

and both oxygen and carbon dioxide

are lipid-soluable. 

Term

 

 

 

What does the parietal pleura cover? 

Definition

 

 

 

The parietal pleura covers the inner surface

of the thoracic wall and extends over the

diaphragm and medistinum. 

Term

 

 

 

At what point are the parietal and

visceral pleurae continuous? 

Definition

 

 

 

The parietal and visceral pleurae are

continuous at the root of each lung. 

Term

 

 

 

What separates the left and right

pleural cavities? 

Definition

 

 

 

The left and right pleural cavities are

separated by the mediastinum. 

Term

 

 

 

Blood pressure and air pressure

are both usually measureed by

millimeters of ___. 

Definition

 

 

 

mercury (Hg) 

Term

 

 

 

At sea level, atmospheric air exerts

a pressure of ___. 

Definition

 

 

 

760mm Hg 

Term

 

 

 

In a mixture of gases, the amount of

pressure contributed by a single gas is

called its ___. 

Definition

 

 

 

partial pressure 

Term

 

 

 

A gas will flow from an area of ___

pressure to an area of ___ pressure. 

Definition

 

 

 

high, low 

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