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Respiratory System pages 1-2
nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx study questions for 1/29
36
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
01/30/2008

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Cards

Term

 

 

 

What is the essential function of the

respiratory system?

Definition

 

 

 

The essential functionof the respiratory system 

is to add oxygen to the blood and remove

carbon dioxide from the blood. 

Term

 

 

 

Trace the passage of air through the

respiratory system, outside in. 

Definition

 

 

 

mouth or nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx,

trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveoli 

Term

 

 

 

What are the parts of the

upper respiratory system? 

Definition

 

 

 

nose, nasal cavity, paranasal

sinuses, and pharynx 

Term

 

 

 

Name the parts of the

lower respiratory system. 

Definition

 

 

 

larynx, trachea, bronchi,

bronchioles, alveoli 

Term

 

 

 

In what part of the repiratory

system does gas exchange occur? 

Definition

 

 

 

Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli. 

Term

 

 

 

How is it possible to breath air at freezing

temperatures, without damaging the moist

tissues of the lungs? 

Definition

 

 

 

By the time air reaches the alveoli, the

humidity and temperature are within

acceptable limits. 

Term

 

 

 

Before gases even enter the alveoli, what

role has the respiratory system played in

body defense? 

Definition

 

 

 

By the time air reaches the alveoli,

most foreign particles and pathogens

have been removed. 

Term

 

 

 

What structure divides the nasal

cavity into right and left chambers? 

Definition

 

 

 

The nasal septum divides the nasal

cavity into right and left chambers. 

Term

 

 

 

What is the functional significance

of the nasal conchae? 

Definition

 

 

 

The nasal conchae increase

surface area. 

Term

 

 

 

Where are the nasal conchae located? 

Definition

 

 

 

Nasal conche are located on the

lateral walls of the nasal cavity. 

Term

 

 

 

Name the mucous membrane-lined,

air-filled cavities in the frontal, maxillary,

sphenoid, and ethmoid bones. 

Definition

 

 

 

paranasal sinuses 

Term

 

 

 

What is the functional significance

of the paranasal sinuses? 

Definition

 

 

 

The paranasal sinuses lighten the skull

and act as resonance chambers for speech. 

Term

 

 

 

What kind of epithelium

lines the nasal cavity? 

Definition

 

 

 

pseudostratified epithelim

containing goblet cells 

Term

 

 

 

Where are olfactory receptor cells located? 

Definition

 

 

 

A specialized epithelium in a small area at

the roof of each nasal cavity contains

olfactory receptor cells. 

Term

 

 

 

The two openings from the nasal

cavity into the pharynx are the ___. 

Definition

 

 

 

internal nares 

Term

 

 

 

Name the three regions of the pharynx. 

Definition

 

 

 

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx 

Term

 

 

 

The ___ is the region of the pharynx

from the internal nares to the soft palate. 

 

 

 

Definition

 

 

 

nasopharynx 

Term

 

 

 

The ___ is the region from the soft

palate to the hyoid bone. 

Definition

 

 

 

oropharynx 

Term

 

 

 

The ___ is the region of the pharynx from the

hyoid bone to where the air passage and the

food passage become separate. 

Definition

 

 

 

laryngopharynx 

Term

 

 

 

In which part of the pharynx are

the adenoids located? 

Definition

 

 

 

The adenoids are located on the

posterial wall of the nasopharynx. 

Term

 

 

 

Why is it important that the epithelium of

the oropharynx is stratifed squamous? 

Definition

 

 

 

The oropharynx is passage for both food and air;

stratified squamous epithelium offers more

protection from abrasion. 

Term

 

 

 

The ___ connect the nasopharynx

with the middle ear cavity. 

Definition

 

 

 

auditory tubes 

Term

 

 

 

What lines the lumen of the larynx? 

Definition

 

 

 

Mucous membrane lines the lumen

of the larynx. 

Term

 

 

 

Name that part of the larynx:

flap-like, projects superiorly. 

Definition

 

 

 

epiglottis 

Term

 

 

 

Name that part of the larynx:

largest of the nine cartilages. 

Definition

 

 

 

thyroid cartilage 

Term

 

 

 

What are the two kinds of cartilage

that make up the larynx,

and which parts are made from

which cartilage? 

Definition

 

 

 

The epiglottis is elastic cartilage;

everything else is hyaline cartilage. 

Term

 

 

 

What holds the cartilages of the larynx together

and connect the larynx to the hyoid bone

and the trachea? 

Definition

 

 

 

ligaments 

Term

 

 

 

What is the difference between the

vestibular and vocal folds in the larynx? 

Definition

 

 

 

The vestibular folds are superior to the vocal folds.

The vestibular folds protect the more delicate

vocal folds. 

Term

 

 

 

Of what substance is the ligament

of the vocal cords made? 

Definition

 

 

 

The ligament of the vocal cords

is a highly elastic connective tissue. 

Term

 

 

 

The ___ is the opening between

the vocal folds. 

Definition

 

 

 

The glottis is the opening between

the vocal folds. 

Term

 

 

 

Describe how sound is produced in the larynx. 

Definition

 

 

 

Air passing through the glottis vibrates

the vocal folds and produces sound waves.

The pitch of the sound produced depends

upon the diameter, length, and tension of

the vocal folds. 

Term

 

 

 

What controls tension in the vocal folds? 

Definition

 

 

 

The tension in the vocal folds is controlled

by  the contraction of voluntary muscles that

change the position of the arytenoid cartilages

relative to that of the thyroid cartilage. 

Term

 

 

 

   When the distance between the artenoid

and thyroid cartilages increases, the

pitch of the voice ___. 

Definition

 

 

 

The pitch of the voice increases when the

distance between the arytenoid and thyroid

cartilages increases. 

Term

 

 

 

What makes our voices louder? 

Definition

 

 

 

Loudness depends on the force with which

air rushes across the vocal cords. 

Term

 

 

 

Do we use extrinsic or intrinsic muscles to

raise the larynx when swallowing? 

Definition

 

 

 

Extrinsic muscles pull on the larynx from outside;

for example, in raising the larynx for swallowing. 

Term

 

 

 

What do the two sets of intrinsic

laryengeal skeletal muscles do? 

Definition

 

 

 

One set of intrinsic muscles regulates tension

on the vocal folds. The other set opens and

closes the glottis. 

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