Term
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Definition
-moving air
-vocalization
-defense
-surface area for exchanges of gas |
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Term
upper respiratory system responsible for...
F, W, H |
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Definition
| filtering, warming, humidifying air |
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Term
Upper respiratory system area
-what occurs here? |
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Definition
nasal openings down to larynx
-conducting zone |
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Term
-lower respiratory does what
C, E |
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Definition
| system responsible for conducting, exchanging of gases |
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Term
| Lower respiratory located where? |
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Definition
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Term
| Whwere is the conducting portion? |
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Definition
| nasal cavities to terminal bronchioles |
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Term
| What does the conducting portion do? |
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Definition
| Air movement (no gas exchange) |
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Term
|
Definition
| consists of respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, & alveoli (sacs) |
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Term
Respiratory consists of what 3 things?
-what do they do?
-what allows them to do this? |
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Definition
respiratory bronchioles, alevolar ducts and alveoli sacs
-allow for gas exchange between oxygen and blood to occur
-they have thin membranes |
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Term
| Respiratory epithelium covers most of what? What type of cells are found here? |
|
Definition
Trachea and most of respiratory tree
Goblet cells |
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Term
| What type of epithelium is it mostly made of? |
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Definition
| -primarily ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium |
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Term
| What is the upper respiratory portion composed of? (epithelium) |
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Definition
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Term
| What epithelium are respiratory portions made of? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the upper respiratory system made of?
-what does it do?
-What divides it? |
|
Definition
Nose and nasal cavity
-warms and humidifies air
-the nasal septum into R and L sides |
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Term
What is found in the upper res. system?
What are the conchae that divide it? |
|
Definition
-olfactory region
-superior, middle, inferior |
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Term
| what forms the floor of the upper res. system? |
|
Definition
| bony and soft parts of the palate |
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|
Term
Pharynx:
is shared by what 2 systems
-what is it between? |
|
Definition
-digestive and respiratory system
-btwn the internal nares & layrnx and esophagus |
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Term
| What are the 3 regions of the pharynx? |
|
Definition
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx |
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Term
Where are the following:
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx |
|
Definition
Nasopharynx with auditory tubes and pharyngeal tonsils
Just behind the nose
Oropharynx with uvula and palatine tonsils
Food passes through here; palatine tonsils on either side of the throat here
Laryngopharynx is between hyoid bone and esophagus |
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|
Term
| Where does the larynx start? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| 3 Cartilages of the Larynx |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
THYROID – largest; opens posteriorly
Large shield shape; thyroid is on either side of it; nearly
comes all the way around; Adam’s Apple
CRICOID – ring-shaped
Almost completely ring shaped; the most inferior of the three;
EPIGLOTTIS – folds over the opening to larynx so food can’t be inhaled; **protects respiratory tract; anterior surface of larynx; tongue shaped |
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|
Term
| Larynx 3 smaller cartilages |
|
Definition
Arytenoid (superior to cricoid)-adjust the glottis opening
Corniculate (tips of the arytenoid) Cuneiform (w/I aryepiglottic fold) sits on the corniculate cartilage & attaches to epiglottis |
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Term
| Larynx, intrinsic ligaments (2) |
|
Definition
VESTIBULAR w/I vestibular folds (False Cords)more superior
-VOCAL w/I vocal folds (True Cords); they open and shut as someone’s talk; they’re large and white |
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|
Term
Larynx muscles help with:
Name them: (2) |
|
Definition
stabilization, movement
-intrinsic: regulate tension of vocal folds, open and close glottis
-extrinsic: stabilize larynx |
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Term
|
Definition
mucosa: (resp epithelial+lamina propria)
-mucus membrane
submucosa: has mucus glands
tracheal cartilages: have annular ligaments btwn them all, C-shaped (anterior and laterally up trachea)
Trachealis: muscle that connects ends of cartilage on posterior side |
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|
Term
Primary bronchi:
difference between R & L
separated by what?
Where do all the roots enter the lung?
what are the roots? |
|
Definition
R:comes off trachea more steeply (foreign matter goes here)
-separated by carina
-hilus
-bv's, bronchi, etc. |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
Lobes of the lungs:
Right and left lungs...
which side has cardiac notch? |
|
Definition
Right: 3 lobes (superior, middle, inferior)
Left: 2 lobes (superior, inferior)
left. |
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|
Term
3 surfaces of the lung
-what do they contact? |
|
Definition
1-costal: contact rib cage inside, touches front, back side of lung
2-mediastinal: has cardiac notch on L side, part of lung that faces medially
3-diaphragmatic: faces inferiorly, base of lung, sits on diaphragm |
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|
Term
how many secondary (lobar) bronchi branches do the right and left lungs have?
how many tertiary (Segmental) bronchi branches do the R and L lungs have? |
|
Definition
L: 2 lobar bronchi and R: 3 lobar bronchi
Not specified..... FML. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
I FREEEEAAAAAAkkkkkkinnnGGGGGG hate anatomy right now. GAHH.
%$#@!! |
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|
Term
| Where do bronchioles come from? |
|
Definition
| tertiary bronchi branches |
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|
Term
| At what point of the bronchi is there no more cartilage? (they get smaller til none) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What marks the end of the conducting zone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What marks the beginning of the respiratory area? |
|
Definition
Respiratory bronchioles
-thinnest
-have air sacs for gas exchange |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
come from respiratory bronchioles
-have elastic fibers
-surrounded by capillaries
-have alveoli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Type I – simple squamous cells
-single layer that line the air sacs
Type II- -“surfactin cells”: surfactin is a soapy lipid based product that reduces surface tension |
|
|
Term
alveolar macrophages
-what do they do? |
|
Definition
| increase the surface area and allow for quick gas exchange as all the blood goes flowing quickly by |
|
|
Term
Blood Supply
what branches to the lungs
alveolar caps |
|
Definition
branches of pulmonary circuit to lungs
-alveolar caps convert angiotensin I to angiotensin II |
|
|
Term
Pleural Cavities
-what separates the 2 of them?
-what lines them? |
|
Definition
the mediastinum
-visceral and parietal pleura |
|
|
Term
3 muscles of respiration:
-what do they do? |
|
Definition
External Intercostals: raise ribs
Internal Intercostals: flatten ribs &
help you push air out
Diaphragm : helps you inhale; diaphragm
contracts and pulls air in |
|
|
Term
| Accessory muscles for respiration |
|
Definition
sternocleidomastoid
serratus anterior
pectoralis minor
abdominals |
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Term
|
Definition
quiet breathing
-exhalation passive |
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|
Term
|
Definition
deep breathing
-moving diaphragm (inhaling) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
shallow breathing
-moves ribcage |
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|
Term
|
Definition
forced breathing
-exhalation using muscles |
|
|
Term
| where are respiratory centers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Respiratory Rhythmicity Center
-where it at
-what ders it do |
|
Definition
sets rhythm of breathhhhing
(inspiratory and expiratory)
-pons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
adjusts output
-medulla oblongata |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-medulla oblongata
-adjusts output based on fear/stress |
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