Term
| Whats the downfall for non surgical removal of superficial SCC |
|
Definition
| no histo so no dx, no margins |
|
|
Term
| what blocks do you do for nasal surgery |
|
Definition
| Bilateral Maxillary Nerve |
|
|
Term
| what kind of pattern do you close with on a nasal planectomy in cats |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After steady traction removal of polyps, what should give nasopharyngeal polyp cat that will prevent reoccurrence on over 90% patients |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the main complications of ventral bullae osteotomy |
|
Definition
| horner's, vestibular, maybe hearing loss, low risk carotid hemorrhage |
|
|
Term
| cleft palates that are in the palatal bone itself |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| common example of iatrogenic oronasal fistula |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In congenital secondary cleft palates, what age do you wait for before treating |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Number one thing you see with brachycephalic airway syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can you do to prevent an elongated palate in a brachycephalic dog? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if you have a puppy in for stenotic nares surgery and radiographs show a hypoplastic trachea what do you do? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are dogs with brachycephalic syndrome prone to and you can resolve with fixing the airway? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Biggest risk for brachycephalic animals under anesthesia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| make sure you _______ to brachycephalic dogs when on opioids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Term for removal of elongated soft palate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of emergency kit do you need alongside postop care for soft palate shortening? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When doing an alar fold wedge resection use ______ forceps and DONT LET GO |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what kind of suture to use for Alar wedge resection? |
|
Definition
| 3-0 asborbable (like Monocryl) |
|
|
Term
| Most practitioners dont know about this" What might be causing ariway obstruction in nasopharynx of brachycephalics? |
|
Definition
| Turbinates in the nasopharynx |
|
|
Term
| Two most susceptible species to Bordetella bronchiseptica |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This virus should be on your radar when thinking of kennel cough. It was first seen in racing greyhounds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| OK so kennel cough can have multiple etiologies beyond Bordetella, name one bacteria two main viruses, and a third virus that may play a role. |
|
Definition
| Mycoplasma, Canine parainfluenza, Canine adenovirus 2, canine coronavirus |
|
|
Term
| Which adenovirus is in the core vaccine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This virus starts out in the respiratory system before becoming systemic and can initially be confused for kennel cough |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long at least do you want to isolate a kennel cough (CIRD) dog |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| With canine influenza should you do the swabs really early or later on? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A progressive condition of toy breeds where cannot breath both on inspiration and expiration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tracheal collapse is initially associated with weakening of the_______ muscle because of a cartliladge problem |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The number one thing we can do to reduce future clinical signs of tracheal collapse is control: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You have a goos honk when palpate the trachea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You need to break the _____ cycle in small dogs with tracheal collapse by potential__________ for a few days |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gold standard for dx tracheal collapse however not safe to perform |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bronchial collapse will be seen in ____% of dogs dx with tracheal collapse. What can you then do about that? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ABs for tracheal collapse dog? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Steroids for a tracheal collapse dog? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Early medical management can be successful in ___% cases |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Postop care priority number one after tracheal stent |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Three main complications with tracheal stent |
|
Definition
| mucus, granulation, stent fracture |
|
|
Term
| When making your incision for a tracheostomy tube, palpate the thyroid and cricoid cartilage. The count distally to between rings ___ through ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you open airway for tracheostomy tube without much damage to surrounding tissues? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the end of you tracheostomy tube is not flush with the skin, it means the tube in the trachea is too (short/long) or cuff is (under/over) inflated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Kitten with an inward facing sternum will need this surgery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common organ involved in traumatic diaphragmatic hernia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What direction film do you take in a really dyspneic animal? DV or VD |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
After fixing a diaphragmatic hernia, do you:
Fully re-inflate lungs
Fully empty chest
Let them re-inflate themselves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do you put chest tube after diaphragmatic hernia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What pattern do you use to close up a diaphragmatic hernia cut |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a congenital hernia? |
|
Definition
| Peritonealpericardial diaphragmatic hernia |
|
|
Term
| Which species more likely to get |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In lung lobectomy for unilateral disease ( like a focal tumor), enter the chest via a _____thoracotomy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In lung lobectomy for bilateral disease ( like a metastatic dz), enter the chest via a ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| With lung lob torsions, this non- deep chested breed is predisposed with a very good (92%) survival rate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Problem with cats and chylothorax |
|
Definition
| severe fibrosis preventing opening if lung lobes |
|
|
Term
| In surgical correction of chylothorax, what are you tying off? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After suturing up a lateral thoracotomy, why might two ribs look wavy on radiographs a couple weeks later? |
|
Definition
| Two are sutured together to close the rib cage and get distorted |
|
|
Term
| With chylothorax in dogs you can get over an 80% success rate if you Thoracic duct ligation and ___ablation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do you want to put in first suture for a pectus escavatum? Why? |
|
Definition
| By xiphoid process. To pull sternum away from heart |
|
|
Term
| Airway epithelium includes ciliated__a___ cells and _b___cells. They can respond to stimuli by metaplasia, _c_, and __d_ production |
|
Definition
a. Columnar
b. Goblet
c. Hypertrophy
d. Mucus Production |
|
|
Term
| What is the resp disease: Airways obstruction caused by heightened reactivity of tracheobronchial tree |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Two most common etiologies of upper resp tract infection in cats |
|
Definition
Feline rhinotracheitis virus (Herpes)
Feline Calicivirus |
|
|
Term
| Upper resp tratc infection in a cat with oral ulcers- it is most likely: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This viral agent of cat resp disease can last 48 hrs on fomites! clean your stethoscope! |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Big clinical sign for upper resp disease in cats |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This virus causes feline upper resp disease and is not temp restricted so can progress to a pneumonia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This upper resp virus can cause a subsequent limping syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This upper resp virus can commonly cause ocular changes |
|
Definition
| Feline rhinotracheitis virus (Herpes) |
|
|
Term
| How many weeks are kittens sick with feline herpes and felin calici |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This upper resp virus has mutated a new very virulent strain with 50% mrotality |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This agent can cause sneezing in cats but more coughing in dogs |
|
Definition
| Bordetella bronchiseptica |
|
|
Term
| This agent causing upper resp in cats can present with a chronic mucopyrulent conjunctivitis and can be dx with scraping |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This agent causing upper resp in kittens can be a problem later on in adult life during stressful events |
|
Definition
| Feline rhinotracheitis virus (Herpes) |
|
|
Term
| How long can post recovery Calicivirus cats shed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How can a an acute upper resp progress to chronic? |
|
Definition
| damage and secondary bacterial infection |
|
|
Term
| Periodental disease can progress after ______ infection in cats with prev upper resp disease. You might see _______ on gingiva |
|
Definition
| Feline Calicivirus; Red line |
|
|
Term
| Why might you bring the sick herpes/calici kitten into the bathroom with you? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many days max can you use pediatric nasal decongestant drops for URI kittens? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Herpes med thats not so toxic to catsbut not a lot of evidence it works |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This drug works against arginine which can be antiviral |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 3 vaccines are in the FRVCP for cats |
|
Definition
| FRV (Herpes), Calici, Panleuk |
|
|
Term
| Age for initial vaccine for kitten : ____ weeks old |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common fungal etiology of URT/Nasal infection in cats |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common fungal etiology of URT/Nasal infection in dogs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This fungal pathogen cause URT disease and is associated with bird poop |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Roman nose in a cat. Not a tumor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When thinking about respiratory disease, what other task/system should be on your physical ( other than resp system) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This fungal pathogen has a halo |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which breed has blasto dx as a sure death sentence |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Two main dx tools to dx nasal apsergillosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ disease can often cause secondary nasal disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When you rule out all infectious causes of canine rhinitis you can lean on this dx with a supporting biopsy: |
|
Definition
| Lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis |
|
|
Term
With lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis, conisder these three drugs:
1. because there might be an aspergillus component:
2. Steroids dont work so try this NSAID
3. Use this antibiotic ( not sure why) |
|
Definition
1. Itraconazole
2. Piroxicam
3. Doxycycline |
|
|
Term
| Nasal cancer more common in this species |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| More common nasal cancer: (Carcinoma/Sarcoma) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Epistaxis could mean a lot of things... but this is big sign for : |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tx for epistaxis depends on etiology but all of them you will require cage rest and _____ to help |
|
Definition
| Epinephrine/phenylephrine |
|
|
Term
| The cough reflex includes afferent impulses to the medulla: What four nerves can play a role |
|
Definition
| Vagus, Trigeminal, Phrenic, Glossopharyngeal |
|
|
Term
| Antitussive therapy may be indicated for bronchitis in this species |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Two species highly susceptible to Bordetella bronchiseptica |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| We know Bordetella plays a big role in Kennel Cough- Name one other bacteria and two viruses that also play a role in certain cases |
|
Definition
| Mycoplasma; Canine Parainfluenza; Canine Adenovirus 2 |
|
|
Term
| This virus isn't necessarily part of the kennel cough complex but has similar clinical signs to it. Seen in greyhounds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Virus that can sometimes be part of kennel cough (CIRD) complex but not as commonly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This virus should definitely be in your differential when dealing with a potential kennel cough (CIRD)- This virus however is not a primary resp virus but rather systemic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dry harsh non productive cough in a dog |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Kennel cough (CIRD) dogs need isolation from other dogs for at least ____ weeks |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| With this virus you may see a lymphopenia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Virus shedding for this not very common resp virus is very early in incubation so get a nasal swab asap! |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| With bite wounds that come in on emergency, its really important to include these drugs________, beyond stabilizing the patient. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In managements of rib fractures ______ is key |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In rib factures surgery is commonly needed (T/F) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ will cause paradoxical movement with opposite movement during inspiration and expiration of a chest wall segment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Flail chest is usually easy to dx on physical exam (T/F) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In flail chest you can locally block area ___ rib spaces cranial and caudal to the area |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| With flail chest, you want to keep animals most of time on lat recumbency with flail section (up/down) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For open chest wounds and flail chest a PE is usually sufficient to dx, so why do rads? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Open chest wounds commonly need surgery (T/F) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An animal comes in from traumatic event and resp distress... wanna to rule this condition out first! |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In this type of pneumothorax, a one valve has been created |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Quiet lung sounds dorsally indicates a(n): |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many mL/Kg of fluid at least should be in pleural space b4 see signs of resp distress? Exception may be ehmorthorax where that much blood loss theyd be dead prob |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diaphragmatic hernias are 85% of time due to: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pulmonary contusions may get worse first but will prob resolve within ____ days |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tx for pulmonary contusion is supportive but you also need to: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Question you can add to annual exam tp pick up acquired laryngeal paralysis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which nerve innervates most of nerves to larynx?
Is this opening or shutting of larynx? |
|
Definition
| Recurrent laryngeal; both |
|
|
Term
| Dog comes in with respiratory stridor and coughing gagging when sleeping and drinking |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dogs with idiopathic laryngeal paralysis also have generalized______ dz |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dog present with cough and muscle wasting |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
When scoping for laryngeal paralysis do you have:
Full anesthesia
Light anesthesia
No anesthesia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Give and IV bolus when scoping a potential laryngeal paralysis dog to stim breathing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You need to avoid these two anesthetic combos when dx laryngeal paralysis b/c they will cause a potential false positive!!! |
|
Definition
Ace/propofol
Ketamine/diazepam |
|
|
Term
| Unilateral arytenoid laterilzation ( laryngeal tie back) has many potential complications but the main one is________ so try and give them a(n) (elevated/lowered) water bowl |
|
Definition
| Aspiration pneumonia; Lowered |
|
|
Term
| With laryngeal paralysis, if the one sign is _____ don't got o surgery yet because this is also a complication of the tie back surgery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Favorite drug in respiratory |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What group of drugs are the best choice for bronchodilation in asthmatic cats? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Two specific beta agonist used for acute situations in feline asthma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An anti- serotonin drug that MAY help only as an add on to pther therapy fro feline asthma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Great inhalant for emergency situations in feline asthma howerver long term has paradoxical effect ( racemic mixture) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For emergency use: Inhlaed steroids or beta agonists? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inhaled corticosteroid for long term management of feline asthma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| With feline asthma, you can often see the ________ lung lobe collapsed. This one is sually the first to collect a mucous plug because most ventral |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dyspneic cat: two top differentials |
|
Definition
| Feline asthma; Heart failure |
|
|
Term
| Definition: inflammation of the lungs with exudate and consolidation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This fungal pathogen CAN commonly cause a gastroenteritis alongside other systemic signs. Can even dx with a rectal scraping! |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antigen testing is starting to be the main way to dx systemic fungal pahogens. What is your sample? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| With Histoplasma, you may have some GI compromise and can bring this drug on board |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (Dogs/Cats) don't necessarily present coughing when have a bacterial pneumonia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When dx a bacterial pneumonia- you also want to look for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You can change which lung becomes adelectic in a bacterial pneumonia patient by: |
|
Definition
| Frequently turning them over |
|
|
Term
| AVOID these three drugs for tx of bacterial pneumonia |
|
Definition
| Steroids, diuretics, Antitussives |
|
|
Term
| T/F Need to lavage an aspiration pneumonia patient ASAP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tx for a toxoplasma pneumonia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Primary PIE is seen in which species |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lifetime therapy for a PIE dog: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which species less likely to get lung neoplasia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Can order this on blood work if suspicious of PTE |
|
Definition
|
|
