Term
| developmental abnormalities of the airways |
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Definition
1. Brachcephalic Airway Syndrome
2. Cleft Palate
3. Cysts
4. Guttural Pouch Tympany
5. Hypoplastic Epiglottis
6. Tracheal colapse |
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Term
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Definition
| defect of nasopharyngeal opening =trapping of air in guttural pouch |
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Term
| brachycephalic airway syndrome |
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Definition
1. stenotic nares
2. elongated soft palate
3. tongue too big
4. turbinates protrude into nasopharynx
5. tracheal hypoplasia (decrease diameter of trachea) |
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Term
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Definition
| underdeveloped epiglottis, can become trapped under arytenoid cartilage fold=airway obstruction and respiratory noise |
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Term
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Definition
| tracheal collapse in horses |
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Term
| tracheal collapse common in... |
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Definition
| minatuire, toy and brachycephalic breeds of dog |
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Term
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Definition
| deformatiy in supporting cartilage of trachea =widening of dorsal trachea membrane = prolapse of tracheal membrane on inspiration = obstruction |
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Term
| circulatory disturbances of the airways |
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Definition
1. congestion and hyperaemia
2. haemorrhage
3. progressive ethmoid haematoma in horses
4. oedema |
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Term
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Definition
passive change - BF out of tissue decreased (reddening of mucosa)
normal PM finding |
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Term
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Definition
| active process - increase BF to lungs and vasodilation (frosty apperance - inflam exudate) |
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Term
| causes of airway haemorrhage |
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Definition
1. trauma
2. inflam/infection
3. septacemia
4. clotting defects
5. neoplasia
6. progressive ethmoid haematoma |
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Term
| progressive ethmoid haematoma |
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Definition
| haemorrhagic polyp mass arising from ethmoid region (deep in nasal cavity) -pool of blood. areas of haemorrhage and organisation (granulation and fibrous tissue and haemosiderin macrophages) |
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Term
| degenerative disease of airways |
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Definition
| laryngeal paralysis -equine laryngeal hemiplegia |
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Term
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Definition
| impairement of one or both recurrent laryngeal nerves = paralysis and atrophy of dorsal and lateral cricoarytenoid muscles - obstruction |
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Term
| LHS unilateral impairment of recurrent laryngeal nerve causing roaring in a horse. Due to paralysis and atrophy of LHS cricoarytenoid muscles. |
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Definition
| equine laryngeal hemiplegia |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| early inflammation discharge/ exudate = |
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Definition
| serous, then modified to become catarrhal |
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Term
| in severe inflam exudate = |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| mild inflam, watery clear exudate (with mucosal hyperaemia and oedema) |
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Term
| catarrhal/mucopurulent(*) exudate/inflam. |
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Definition
increase serous and mucus secretions, thick, viscous, translucent, stringy, discharge.
(*) neutrophils present, cloudy |
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Term
| purulent exudate/ inflam. |
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Definition
| pus, creamy, thick discharge. Can be white, yellow, green, brown - depending on bacteria and cells present massive emigration of neutrophils, necrosis and slpughing of epi. cells |
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Term
| Fibrinous exudate/inflam. |
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Definition
| fibrinogen (yellow strands) and bloody discharge caused by severe injury (haemorrhage and necrosis). |
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Term
| fibrinonecrotic/diphtheritic inflam |
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Definition
| mucosa covered by adherent layer of necrotic cellsw and inflammatory exudate. |
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Term
| Pseudomembranous Inflammation |
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Definition
| superficial fibrinous membrane composed of fibrin, necrotic cells and WBCs that can easily be peeled off surfave of mucosa |
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Term
| ulcerated region repaired in... |
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Definition
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Term
| recovery of resp. epi involves proliferation of... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| restricted aggregation of causal agent surrounded by lymphocytes (+/- plasma cells) surrounded by macrophages. |
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Term
| granulomatous inflammation |
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Definition
| inflammatory reaction composed of MACROPHAGES (and other cells eg plasma cells) |
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Term
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Definition
part of healing/repair
new capillaries and fibroblasts = basket weave pattern |
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Term
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Definition
| focal collection of necrotic area, surrounded by neutrophilsm surrounded by fibrous tissue capsule. |
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Term
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Definition
1. IBR (infectious bovine rhinotracheitis)
2. Canine infectious tracheitis (kennel cough)
3. Strangles
4. Laryngeal necrobacillosis
5. nasal aspergillosis
6. guttural pouch mycosis
7. oestrus ovis
8. osleuri osleri
9. feline asthma
10. RAO |
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Term
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Definition
| canine infectious tracheitis |
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Term
| LN enlargement, mucpurulent exudate, hyperplasia of bronchus associated with lymphoid tissue. Caused by the opportunistic pathogen bordetella. |
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Definition
| canine infectious tracheitis |
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Term
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Definition
| streptococcus equi infection via contaminated feed or by inhalation causes serous discharge which becomes purulent, LN abscesses |
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Term
| rupture of infected LN (in strangles) leads to... |
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Definition
| ... guttural pouch empyaema (collection of pus in body cavity) |
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Term
| laryngeal necrobacillosis = |
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Definition
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Term
| infection of fusobacterium necrophorum causing lesions in larynx and oropharynx. Lesions = dry plaques of fibrinonecrotic exudate and ulceration on mucosal surface. can lead to toxaemia, asphyxiation or pneumonia if inhale exudate. |
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Definition
| laryngeal necrobacillosis |
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Term
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Definition
| dog with fungal plagues on nasal mucosa, finbrinonecrotic to granulomatous inflammation and a mucopuruloent or haemorrhagic discharge |
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Term
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Definition
| aspergillus infection in horse - severe inflammation (fubrinonecrotic). Can damage cranial nerves, or ICA = fatal epistaxis |
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Term
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Definition
| parasite of dogs. infects puppies between 6-18months. Causes submucosal nodules at tracheal bifurcation = coughing |
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Term
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Definition
| cat with acute allergic response - bronchospasm and bronchoconstriction, thickiening of bronchial walls seen on xray. Lots of eosinophils |
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Term
| RAO (recurrent airway obsrtuction) |
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Definition
adult horses with major decrease in performance. Obstruction due to bronchospasm and mucosal inflam. thought to be primarily a hypersensitivity disorder
coughing mucopurulent discharge , increased resp. rate, wheezing, dyspnoea upon excercise. |
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Term
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Definition
| ...aerosol infection of herpes virus |
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Term
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Definition
| ... mucociliary esculator damage |
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Term
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Definition
| seroumucous discharge and conjunctivitis |
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Term
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Definition
| mucopurulent discharge, ulcerated mucosa and focal damage |
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