Term
| Name degenerative changes of the pleura |
|
Definition
-Mineralisation
-Pneumothorax |
|
|
Term
| Describe the appearance of pleural mineralisation |
|
Definition
| Faint white linear streaks over intercostal muscles |
|
|
Term
| Causes of pleural mineralisation? |
|
Definition
-Ureamia / renal failure
-vit D toxicity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The presence of air within the thoracic cavity
- results in lung collapse
-can be uni- or bi-lateral |
|
|
Term
| What are the causes of pneumothorax? |
|
Definition
-Spontaneous - rupture of a pul. abscess / cysts / emphysematous bulla
-Traumatic pneumothorax - rupture of the lung and visceral pleura following trauma |
|
|
Term
| Name circulatory disturbances and effusions of the pleura |
|
Definition
-Hydrothorax
-Haemathorax
-Chylothorx
-Pyothorax |
|
|
Term
| Define "pleural effusion" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Accumulation of oedema or a transudate in the pleural cavity |
|
|
Term
| Possible causes of hydrothorax |
|
Definition
-Congestive H failure
-Intrathoracic tumours
-hypoproteinaemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Presence of blood in pleural cavity |
|
|
Term
| Possible causes of haemothorax |
|
Definition
-traumatic rupture of b.v. e.g. RTA
-inflam
-neoplasia
-clotting disorders |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Accumulation of lymph in thorax |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-traumatic rupture of major lymphatic vessel e.g. thoracic duct
-neoplastic erosion though lymphatics / obstruction
-congenital anomaly of lymphatic duct - chyle accumulates (younger animals)
-heart disease (esp. cats) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Presence of purulent material in pleural space |
|
|
Term
| Possible causes of pyothorax |
|
Definition
Include bact. inf from:
-penetrating injury incl. bite wounds (explains why pyothorax exp. common in cats?)
-foreign body
-abscess rupture
-idiopathic |
|
|
Term
| Name possible neoplasias of the pleura |
|
Definition
Primary tumours = mesotheliomas (benign)- arises from mesothelium cells of pleural and pericardial surface
NB: only primary cause
Secondary tumours = arise in mediastinum and spread to the pleura eg. thymoma, lymphoma
-metastasise to the pleura |
|
|
Term
| Name the different types of inflam of the pleura |
|
Definition
-Fibrinous pleuritis
-Suppurative pleuritis
-Granulomatous pleuritis |
|
|
Term
| What are the most common causes of pleuritis? |
|
Definition
-Extension of pneumonia, esp. bronchpneumonia
-Bacteraemia |
|
|
Term
| Common sequel to pleuritis? |
|
Definition
Adhesions
-between visceral and parietal pleura
-between lung lobes
-between pleura and pericardium |
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