Term
| THE RESPIRATORY CENTER IS COMPOSED OF SEVERAL GROUPS OF NEURONS LOCATED _________ IN THE BRAIN STEM OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) SPECIFICALLY AT THE _________ AND ____. |
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Definition
BILATERALLY
MEDULLA OBLONGATA
PONS |
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Term
CAROTID BIFURCATION: NERVES TO THE ___________ => ______.
AORTIC: _________ => _____.
THE BODIES RECEIVE BLOOD FROM AN _________ ________ DIRECTLY FROM THE _______ _______.
=> THE BODIES SUPPLY IS HUGE, ____ TIMES THEIR _______ PER _____.
=> O2 REMOVAL IS VIRTUALLY _____ BEING
ALWAYS EXPOSED TO _________ BLOOD
AND THEIR ____ IS THE _________ PO2. |
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Definition
GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL (IX)
DRG (medulla)
NERVES TO THE VAGUS (X)
DRG
INDIVIDUAL ARTERY
BIG ARTERY
20
WEIGHT
MINUTE
ZERO
ARTERIAL
PO2
ARTERIAL |
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Term
THESE CHEMORECEPTORS ARE STRONGLY _________ WITH PO2 VALUES BETWEEN ____, THE SAME RANGE IN WHICH ARTERIAL Hb SATURATION WITH ____ QUICKLY _________.
THE FINAL RESULT IS A COMBINATION OF
______, _____ AND ____. |
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Definition
STIMULATED
30-60 mmHg
O2
DECREASES
PO2, PCO2
[H+] |
|
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Term
| DURING EXERCISE, _________ FACTORS ARE BELIEVED TO BE THE _______ IMPORTANT, SENDING IMPULSES FROM THE HIGHER CENTERS OF THE BRAIN AND _________ _______ REFLEXES AND WHEN THEY'RE TOO STRONG OR TOO WEAK, THE __________ ONES (___ ____ _____) HELP. |
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Definition
NEUROGENIC
MOST
PROPIOCEPTIVE STIMULATORY
CHEMICAL
PO2, PCO2, [H+] |
|
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Term
WHEN DEALING WITH "RESP. INSUFFICIENCY" IT'S IMPERATIVE TO DETERMINE IF THE PROBLEM IS WITH _____ ______ OR _________.
AMONG THE MOST IMPORTANT TESTS ARE THE DETERMINATION OF ______ ____ ____ AND ___. |
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Definition
VENT., PERFUSION
DIFFUSION
BLOOD PO2, PCO2
pH |
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Term
______ PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA RESULTS FROM ___________ SMOKING WHICH CAUSES DESTRUCTION AND IMPORTANT
LOSS OF _____ ______
=> ________ THE LUNG'S ABILITY TO _______ BLOOD AND CLEAN ____.
BRONCHIOLAR OBSTRUCTION
=> _______ AIRWAY __________
(MOSTLY DURING _______). |
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Definition
CHRONIC
LONG-TERM
ALVEOLAR WALLS
DECREASES
OXYGENATE
CO2
INCREASES
RESISTANCE
EXPIRATION |
|
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Term
THE OBSTRUCTIVE PROCESS IS ___________ IN SOME PARTS OF THE LUNGS THAN IN OTHERS => ABNORMAL Va/Q RATIOS.
IN SOME PARTS _________ WITH ________ PHYSIOL. SHUNT WHILE IN SOME OTHER PARTS THE RATIO IS __________ BECAUSE ___________ PHYS._____ ______. |
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Definition
DECREASING
HIGHER
INCREASING
INCREASED
INCREASED
DEAD SPACE |
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Term
THE LOSS OF LARGE PORTION OF ALVEOLAR WALLS => LOSS OF _________ THROUGH WHICH BLOOD CAN PASS:
=> INCREASED ________ _______ ______.
=> PULM. HYPERT. WITH _______ _______.
=> ________ AND ___________. |
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Definition
CAPILLARIES
PULM. VASC. RESIST.
CHRONIC EMPHYSEMA
HYPOXIA AND HYPERCAPNIA |
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Term
PNEUMONIA:
________ CONDITION OF THE LUNG.
_______ OR ____ ALVEOLI FILLED WITH ____,_____,____,______,_____,______
.
CONSOLIDATION OF AN AREA
(FILLED WITH FLUIDS AND CELLS)
THAT CAN BE FROM A _______ TO THE ________ ______:
=> _______ TOTAL AREA OF RESP. MEMB.
=> _______ Va/Q RATIO
=> HYPOXIA + HYPERCAPNIA |
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Definition
INFLAMMATORY
SOME
ALL
FLUID, CELLS, INFECTIONS, DUST, FUNGI,
VIRUSES
SEGMENT
WHOLE LUNG
DECREASE
DECREASE |
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Term
ATELECTASIS: BLOOD FLOW
RE-DIRECTED TO ______ LUNG, THEREFORE _______ RATIO IS ONLY MODERATELY COMPROMISED.
NOT IMPORTANT ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| ASTHMA: PROBLEMS WITH __________ DUE TO _________ RESULTING FROM _________ OF BRONCHIAL ______ _____ TRIGGERED BY AN ________ REACTION. IF ____ VERY SEVERE, ______ RATIO IS __ DEEPLY AFFECTED. |
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Definition
EXPIRATION
BRONCHOSPASM
CONTRACTION
SMOOTH MUSC.
ALLERGIC
NOT
Va/Q
NOT |
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Term
| IF TUBERCULOSIS PROGRESSES YOU CAN GET? (4) |
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Definition
=> CAVITIES AND NECROSIS
=> LOSS OF RESP. MEMB.
=> DIFFUSION CAPACITY
=> ABNORMAL Va/Q RATIO. |
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Term
HYPOXIA IS DEFINED AS: ?
CAUSES? (5) |
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Definition
LOWER THAN NORMAL [O2] IN THE TISS.
-NOT ENOUGH O2 TO THE LUNGS
(EXTRINSIC)
--PULMONARY DISEASES
--VENOUS-ARTERIAL SHUNT
--DECREASE OF TRANSP. (ANEMIA, ABNORMAL Hb,GEN. CIRC. PROBLEMS, EDEMA)
-- DECREASE USE BY THE TISSUES (POISONING OF CELLS ENZYMES, DECREASE METABOLIC CAPACITIES) |
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Term
| O2 THERAPY IS USEFUL IN WHAT TYPES OF HYPOXIA? (3) |
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Definition
| ATMOSPHERIC HYPOXIA, HYPOVENT. HYPOXIA, HYPOXIA CAUSED BY IMPAIRED (DEFFECTIVE) ALVEOLAR MEMB. DIFFUSION. |
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Term
HYPERCAPNIA IS DEFINED AS:?
IT’S ASSOCIATED WITH HYPOXIA ONLY IF HYPOXIA IS CAUSED BY ? (2)
THE SYMPTOMS START TO APPEAR WITH PCO2 INCREASING UP TO ____________.
WHEN PCO2 IS FROM _________
=> ________ AND _______. |
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Definition
THE EXCESS OF CO2 IN BODY FLUIDS.
HYPOVENT. OR CIRC. DEFFICIENCY.
60-75 mmHg.
120-150 mmHg
ANESTHESIA
DEATH |
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Term
CYANOSIS IS DEFINED AS: ?
IT APPEARS WHEN ? |
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Definition
BLUE SKIN AND MUCOSE COLORATION CAUSED BY EXCESSIVE AMTS. OF DEOXYGENATED Hb.
ARTERIAL BLOOD CONTAINS OVER 5g OF DEOXYGENATED Hb/dl. |
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Term
| DYSPNEA, ALSO KNOWN AS “____ ____” COULD BE THE RESULT OF ABNORMALITY IN THE ______ ______ IN THE _______ ______, MOSTLY _________; OR THE AMT. OF _____ THAT MUST BE PERFORMED BY THE _______ _______ TO PROVIDE PROPER ________.; OR A _____ __ ______ (_______ __ ________ ________). |
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Definition
AIR HUNGER
RESP. GASES
BODY FLUIDS
HYPERCAPNIA
WORK
RESP. MUSC.
VENTILATION
STATE OF MIND
NEUROGENIC OR EMOTIONAL DYSPNEA |
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