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Respiratory/digestive system
unit 5
77
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
04/25/2017

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Functions of the respiratory system
Definition

A) protecting respiratory surfaces from dehydration, temperature changes, or other environmental variations.

B) defending the respiratory system and other tissues from pathogenic invasion.

C) providing an extensive area for gas exchange between air and circulating blood.

D) moving air into and out of the lungs.


NOT* circulation of blood to the body tissues

 

 

Term

The function of the nasal conchae is to

Definition

D) create turbulence in the air so as to trap small particulates in mucus.

Term

 

3. Functions of the nasal cavity include all of the following, except,

Definition

A) filtering the air.

B) warming the air.

C) humidifying the air.


NOT** D) acting as a reservoir during coughing.

Term

4. The vocal folds are located in the

Definition

C) larynx.

Term

5. The elastic cartilage that shields the opening to the larynx during swallowing is the _____ cartilage.

Definition

E) epiglottis

Term

6. The large, shield-shaped cartilage that makes up most of the anterior surface of the larynx is the _____ cartilage.

Definition

A) thyroid

Term

 

 

 

7. The ring-shaped cartilage that serves as a base for the larynx is the _____ cartilage.

Definition

D) cricoid

Term

8. The airway between the larynx and the primary bronchi is the

Definition

A) trachea.

Term

The following is a list of some of the structures of the respiratory tree.

1. secondary bronchi

2. pharynx

3. primary bronchi

4. respiratory bronchioles

5. alveoli

6. terminal bronchioles

7. larynx

Definition

The order in which air passes through these structures is

2. pharynx

7. larynx

3. primary bronchi

1. secondary bronchi

6. terminal bronchioles

4. respiratory bronchioles

5. alveoli

 

 

Term

10. The actual sites of gas exchange within the lungs are

Definition
alveoli
Term

11. Air moves out of the lungs because

Definition

B) the volume of the lungs decreases with expiration.

Term

 

 

 

12. Gas volume is…

Definition

C) inversely proportional to pressure.

Term

 

 

 

13. When the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract,

Definition

A) the volume of the thorax increases.

Term

14. Pulmonary ventilation refers to the

Definition

A) movement of air into and out of the lungs.

Term

19. The larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles all make up the

Definition

B) lower respiratory tract.

Term

20. The _____ is shared by the respiratory and digestive systems.

Definition
pharynx
Term

22. What is inside your stomach that helps break food down into a thick liquid paste?

Definition
b) acids and enzymes
Term

23. What are the tiny finger-like projections called that are inside the small intestine? These tiny finger-like projections absorb the nutrients form the food and send the vitamins, minerals, proteins, carbohydrates and fats into our bloodstream.

Definition
c) villi
Term

24. After the food leaves our stomach it heads into which part of the digestive system?

Definition
c) small intestine
Term

25. What is removed from the undigested food when it is in the Large Intestine?

Definition
a) water
Term

26. The enzyme found in saliva that breaks down starch is called:

Definition

 A) amylase

Term

27. Which is the salivary glands in the human?

 

Definition

A) parotid

 C) submandibular

 

 D) sublingual

Term

28. The small intestine has 3 regions. The first region is called the:

Definition

 A) duodenum

Term

29. The ______ connects the pharynx to the stomach.

Definition
esophogus
Term

30. Bile is produced in the ________ and stored in the ___________.

Definition

 C) liver; gall bladder

Term

32. One major function of the large intestine is to:

Definition
absorb water
Term

33. The pyloric sphincter controls movement of food from the _____ to the _____.

Definition

 C) stomach; small intestine

Term

34. The innermost lining of the esophagus or stomach is called the:

Definition
mucosa
Term

35. The muscular contractions that occur all along the digestive tract and which move food along are called:

Definition

B) peristalsis    

Term

37. The digestion of starch begins:

Definition
oral cavity
Term

38. The emulsification of fats occurs as a result of:

Definition
bile
Term

Bacteria in the large intestine produce: 

Definition

b. folic acid

c. vitamin K

Term

41. Which of these compounds is not produced by the pancreas?

Definition

b. Carbohydrates


c. Insulin

d. Bicarbonate ions

a. enzymes 

 

Term

42. Which functions are true of the liver?

Definition

  1. converts glucose to glycogen
  2. produces bile
  3. stores vitamins
  4. detoxifies


  5. NOT TRUE*** digests fats
Term
Describe the tissue lining the respiratory tract
Definition
ciliated epithelium
Term
What does a long term smoker do?
Definition
Cough; nicotene deadens motility of cilia so the cilia cant help brush the mucous out of the airway
Term
larynx consists of what kind of HYALINE cartilages?
Definition
thyroid & cricoid(ring shaped)
Term
How many/what lobes are on the right side of the lung?
Definition

3

Superior

Middle

inferior

Term
How many/what lobes are on the left side of the lung?
Definition

2

Superior

Inferior

Term
Broncioles in order
Definition

Bronchioles

Terminal bronchioles

respiratory bronchioles

Term
Delivers air into alveoli(where gas exchange occurs)
Definition
Respiratory bronchioles
Term
Lack cartilage, smallest division, walls are primarily smooth muscle
Definition
Bronchioles
Term
Because bronchioles lack cartilage
Definition
They are able to dialate and constrict to create air flow
Term
What is the alveoli covered in externally
Definition
Capillary beds (pulmonary capillaries)
Term
Under the capillaries in alvoei
Definition
elastic fibers(they are able to recoil after expansion of inhalation)
Term
Makes up wall of alveoli-simple squamous epithelial
Definition
Type 1 cells
Term
The thin nature of the cell enhances diffusion od oxygen and CO2
Definition
type 1 cells
Term
Part of  the alveoli wall (sparce); Produces surfactant
Definition
Type 2 cells
Term
Reduction of surface tension(tendency of wet surfaces to want to stick together)
Definition
Surfactant
Term
Picks up debris/waste throughout the alveoli; mobil
Definition

Alveolar macrophages

(phagocytic)

Term
Equalizes air pressure throughout the lungs
Definition
alveolar pores
Term
The respiratory membrane consists of 2 layers
Definition

Simple squamous endothelial cell of the pulmonary capillary

&

simple squamous endothelial cell of the alveolis

Term
The respiratory membrance is very small in diameter to alllow what?
Definition
enhances the diffusion of respiratory gases across the membrane
Term
Where does oxygen move through the respiratory membrane?
Definition
from the alveolar airspace into the pulmonary capillary
Term
Where does carbon dioxide move through the respiratory membrane?
Definition

From pulmonary capillaries to alveolar airspace to be exhaled

(moves from areas of high concentration to love concentration)

Term

Movement of air into and out of the lungs

-Mechanical process

Definition
pulmonary ventilation
Term
muscles involved in normal breathing
Definition
diaphragm & intercostal muscles
Term
When volume increases in the thoracic activiy, pressure ___?
Definition
decreases!!! (allows air to flow into the lungs)
Term
Part of the cervical plexus, innervates diaphragm(this allows it to contract and relax to allow for respiration/ventilation)
Definition
frenic nerve
Term

Check all of the following that are components of the conducting portion of the respiratory system.

Definition

Nose

Nasal cavity

Larynx

Trachea

Term
conducts air; contains auditory tubules
Definition
nasopharynx
Term
conducts air and food; terminates at esophogus
Definition
laryngopharynx
Term
conducts air and food; contains palatine tonsils
Definition
oropharynx
Term

 

The nasal cavity is divided into left and right portions by the 
Definition
nasal septum
Term
1. Covers the outer lung surfaces 
Definition
visceral pleura
Term
2. Internal thoracic walls 
 
Definition
parietal pleura
Term

 

Which of the following is true about the pleural cavity? 
Definition

 

Term

 

The right lung has ________ lobes, and the left lung has ________ lobes.
Definition

 

three; two
Term
1. Engulf microorganisms or particulate material 
Definition

 

Alveolar macrophages 
Term

 

Type I alveolar cells are...
Definition
Term

 

It is the day of your final exam, and you take a deep breath before entering your classroom. What muscles are involved in this deep inhalation? 
Definition

Diapgragm

Scalene muscles

External intercostal

Serrtus posterios

Term

 

During inhalation, the thoracic cavity ___________; during exhalation, the thoracic cavity ___________. 
Definition

becomes larger; returns to its original size

Term
pathway of air
Definition
1. nasal vestibule
2. nasal cavity
3. choana
4. nasopharyns
5. oropharynx
6. laryngopharynx
7. larynx
8. trachea
9. main bronchi
10. lobar bronchi
11. segmental bronchi
12.terminal bronchi
13. respiratory bronchile
14. alveolar ducts
15. alveolar sacs
16. alveoli
Term
Oxygen molecules bind ___________________ of the hemoglobin.
Definition
specifically to the heme region
Term
A single hemoglobin displaying a saturation level of 75% would be bound to ___________________________
Definition
three oxygen molecules.
Term
The binding of CO to hemoglobin causes the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve to ___________________
Definition
shift to the left, indicating that the carboxyhemoglobin is less likely to release bound oxygen.
Term
Acute carbon monoxide poisoning would result in ____________________ of the tissues because oxygen ____________________
Definition
hypoxia; is not released from hemoglobin in sufficient amounts at the tissues.
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