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respiration
respiration
33
Anatomy
12th Grade
03/30/2011

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Cards

Term
upper respiratory tract
Definition
nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuss, pharynx
Term
lower respiratory tract
Definition
larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, lungs
Term
nasal cavity
Definition
hollow spaces behind the nose air enters
Term
nasal septum
Definition
bone/cartilage divides nasal cavity into right and left parts
Term
nasal conchae
Definition
bones on both sides of the septum that curl out dividing the cavity into passageways (3)
Term
mucous membranes
Definition
line the nasal cavity and increase its surface are because it has pseudostratified ciliated  epithelium/goblet cells. it also contains blood vessels that heat the air as it passes over the membrane to adjust the airs temp to the bodys temp . mucous membranes/cilia also line the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles
Term
paranasal sinuses
Definition
12 air filled spaces in the cranial bones that are lined with mucous membranes and ipen into the nasal cavity
Term
pharynx
Definition
passageways for food and air in the back of the throat also helps to produce the sounds of speech (leads to esphogus and larynx)
Term
larynx
Definition
an enlargement in the airway at the top of the trachea/ below the pharynx. conducts air in and out of the trachea , prevents foreign objects from entering the trachea, also houses vocal cords (made entirely of cartilage)
Term
thyroid
Definition
adams apple, largest/in front
Term
cricoid
Definition
forms the lower end of the larynx
Term
epiglottic
Definition
under the thyroid ( behind it)
Term
upper folds
Definition
false vocal cords, dont produce sound, help close the airway during swallowing
Term
lower folds
Definition
true vocal cords, air forces b/t them causes vibrations which make sound waves
Term
glottis
Definition
triangular slit like opening in the true vocal folds which are open during relaxed normal breathing and close when swallowing occurs
Term
epiglottis
Definition
flaplike tissue that usually stands upright to allow air to enter the larynx it closes during swallowing
Term
trachea
Definition

-about 12.5 cm long

-in front of esophagus

- splits into the right and left bronchi

- contains ciliated mucous membranes that trap particles into the pharynx where the mucous can be swallowed

- lined with cartilaginous rings to keep it open continuously

Term
flow of air through the respiratory tract
Definition

1.nose and mouth

2. pharynx

3.larynx

4. trachea

5. right and left primary bronchi

6.bronchioles

7. alveolar duct

8. alveolar sac

9.alveolus

10. capillary network

Term
visceral pleura
Definition
membrane that covers each lung
Term
parietal pleura
Definition
membrane that lines the inner wall of the thoracic cavity
Term
ventilation
Definition
the movement of air from the outside of the body into and out of the bronchial tree/alveoli
Term
inspiration and inhalation
Definition
air forced into the lungs, pressure inside each alveoli is reduced because the diaphragm moves downward and thoracic cage up and out
Term
expiration and exhalation
Definition

the lungs and thoracic cage recoil and return to their original shape and position. diaphragm rises causing pressure to increase in the alveoli and air is forced out of the body

Term
things can affect the rate of breathing
Definition

- respiratory center in the brain ( breathing is involunary/respiratory muscles are voluntary)

- certain chemaicals in the body fluids

- degree to which lung tissues stretch

- emotional state

Term
rise
Definition
co2 and h+
Term
falls
Definition
o2 concentration
Term
hyperventitlation
Definition
this occurs when a person increases their breath-holding time by breathing rapidly and deeply in advance this lowers co2 levels and it will then take longer than usual for the co2 concentration to produce an effect on the respiratory center
Term
respiratory membrane
Definition
membrane composed of the capillary wall and the alveolar wall combined
Term
bronchi-tubles
Definition
b/t trachea and bronchioles
Term
bronchioles
Definition
between bronchioles and aveolar sac
Term
aveolar ducts
Definition
b/t bronchioles and alveolar sac
Term
alveolar sacs
Definition
alveolar duct and alveolus
Term
alveolos
Definition
b/t alveolar sac and capillary network
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