Term
|
Definition
| Early Blindsnakes. Both Jaws have teeth. No pelvic girdle. Feed on soft bodied insects. Oviparous. Primitive. C and N. South American |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Threadsnakes/wormsnakes. Blind. Nonenlarged ventrals. Pelvic girdle remnants. No limb vestiges. No brille. No left lung or oviduct. teeth on dentary, absent on maxilla. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Texas Blindsnake. Look like worm. Defensive secretions from cloaca mimic pheromones of ants and termites. F. Leptotyphlopidae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Blindsnakes. Cosmopolitan. Most speciose blindsnakes. No enlarged ventrals. Tail is shortened and terminates in spine. Pelvic girdle remnants. No femurs. Eye is covered by head scales. No brille spectacle. No teeth on dentary. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2.5'. Secretive. F. Typhlopidae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| No US native forms. S. Florida. Teeth on upper jaw. Feed on soft bodied insects. Oviparous or ovoviviparous. Some lay eggs in termite nests. F. Typhlopidae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Shieldtail and Pipe snakes. Fossorial. Eat earthworms. Cone-shaped heads. 2 ventrals per body segment. Forest inhabitants. Most are viviparous. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sri Lanka to SE. Asia. Medium to large. Hind limb vestiges as cloacal spurs. Nocturnal foragers. Head-tail mimicry as defense. F. Uropeltidae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| False coralsnake. Monotypic. Anilius scytale. 600mm total length. Red and black bands. Fossorial. Eat amphisbaenids and other snakes. Non-venomous. Ovovviviparous. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sunbeam snakes. India and SE. Asia. Colorful iridescent. No girdle vestiges. Vertical eye pupils. Nocturnal. Right lung half-sized. Cylindrical body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Oviparous. Up to 17 eggs. Semi-fossorial. F. Xenopeltidae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mesoamerican python. Monotypic. Loxocemus bicolor. S. Mexico to Costa Rica. Moderate to large (1.4m). Live in forests. Possibly burrowers. Forage at night. Eat variety of verts and inverts. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "True Boas". Cosmopolitan. Mostly tropical. Vestigial pelvic girdle. Hind limbs as cloacal spurs. Most possess sensory labial pits. Viviparous. Arboreal/terrestrial. Small dorsal scales. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Anaconda. Largest snake(37', >300 lbs) N. Venezuela, Orinco river. F Boidae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hind limb vestiges as cloacal spurs help with copulation. 18'. F Boidae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rubber boa. Pacific Northwest. F. Boidae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rosy Boa. Extreme SW. USA. F. Boidae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pythons. Large snakes. Interlabial infrared pits. Africa, Ino-Australia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Reticulated python. 2.5-10m).>100 eggs laid. F. Pythonidae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Australia. 24'. F. Pythonidae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Burmese python. India. 24'. Brood young. Facultative endothermy. F. Pythonidae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| African rock python. F. Pythonidae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Carpet python. F. Pythonidae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Halmahera scrub python. Indonesia. up to 11'. F. Pythonidae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Splitjaw Boas. Mauritius Islands. 2 monotypic genera. Maxillary divided + hinged (unique among snakes). Lack pelvic girdles. Limb elements absent. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dwarf Boas. Caribbean, Polynesia, and tropical America. (Share traits with boids/colubrids). Pelvic remnants present. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Spine-jaw snakes. Dentary has large anterior canine-like tooth. Pelvic remnants absent. (1 Genus: Xenophidion w/2 species) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Wart snakes. Indonesia, Australia, and India. Small-head + thick body. Loose baggy skin. Aquatic. (Similar to Nerodia). Small granular scales. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| No vestiges of girdles/limbs. Up to 6'. Valued for skin. Recurved. Pleurodont on inside lining of teeth. Valved nostrils. F. Acrochordidae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Vipers + pit vipers. Cosmopolitan (-Australia). Left lung absent. No limb vestiges. Large ventrals. Hematoxic venom. Solenoglyphous. Sit and wait predators. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Eurasia. 25". Few have caused death. F. Viperidae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sidewinder. Desert dweller. Nocturnal. Epidermal horns above eyes. F. Viperidae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gaboon viper. Fangs up to 2". Non-aggressive. F. Viperidae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Puff adder. More aggressive than B. gabonica. F. Viperidae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Night adders. Most primitive in family. Colubrid-like. F. Viperidae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Copperhead. Meshka et al found many local families + recorded brood sizes. Trauth et al measured ova/yolk development. Sit +wait predator. Docile. F. Viperidae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cottonmouth. More defensive than A. contortrix. Belligerent. Brood size highly variable. F. Viperidae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Western Diamondback. Smaller only than Eastern Diamondback (in AR). Up to 6' recorded. Coon tail. Seem to occur on large Mts. in Ar. F. Viperidae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Eastern Diamondback. Largest Rattlesnake in N. America. F. Viperidae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sidewinder. F. Viperidae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Timber rattlesnake. Completely black tail. F. Viperidae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Black-tailed rattlesnake. F. Viperidae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mojave rattlesnake. F. Viperidae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pygmy rattlesnake. Common in hardwood cedars in Ozarks. F. Viperidae. |
|
|
Term
| Latin American Representatives of F. Viperidae. |
|
Definition
| Bothrops atrox + Lachesis muta. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fer-de-lance. Quite large + dangerous. F. Viperidae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bushmaster. 12'. Cryptic. Abundant in Central America. F. Viperidae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stiletto vipers and burrowing asps. Africa, S. Asia, India, and Madagascar. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Highly venomous. Only lethal bite in family. feeds fossorially. Oviparous. Shiny, blunt snout. Slender/cylindrical. Feared in Africa (vernacular names). F. Lamprophiidae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Colubrids and common snakes. Structurally diverse taxa. Catch all family. Largest family. Cosmopolitan. Left lung reduced/absent. Large ventrals. No vestiges of pelvic girdle. Some opisthoglyphous. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Coluber constrictor priapus |
|
Definition
| Southern Black racer. F. Colubridae. |
|
|
Term
| Coluber constrictor anthicus |
|
Definition
| Buttermilk snake. F. Colubridae. |
|
|
Term
| Coluber constrictor lantruculus |
|
Definition
| Black masked racer. F. Colubridae. |
|
|
Term
| Coluber constrictor flaviventris |
|
Definition
| Eastern yellow belly. F. Colubridae. |
|
|
Term
| Coluber (former Masticophus) |
|
Definition
| Coachwhip. F. Colubridae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Eastern coachwhip. Fast + long. Defensive cobra stance. Lizard/bird eaters. F. Colubridae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bullsnake. Not in AR. F. Colubridae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Scarlett snake. East eggs of lizards. sandy areas. enlarged post-maxillary teeth used to slit eggs. F. Colubridae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pantherophis guttata emoryi |
|
Definition
| Great Plains rat snake. F. Colubridae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Western ratsnake. Climb trees, attics, etc. F. Colubridae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Speckled kingsnake. Eats snakes. F. Colubridae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Milk snake. Red on black bands. F. Colubridae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prairie kingsnake. Similar to P. emoryi. F. Colubridae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| King snakes. Smooth scales on dorsum. Mostly non-venomous. F. Colubridae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| African bird eating snake. Lethal. F. Colubridae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sub-Saharan Africa. Boomslang. Lethal. Opisthoglyphous. Forrest dweller. Hematoxic. Killed Karl Schmidt 1957) F. Colubridae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Plain-bellied watersnake. F. Colubridae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Midland water snake. Ozarks/Ouachitas. F. Colubridae. |
|
|
Term
| Nerodia rhombifer rhombifer |
|
Definition
| Diamondback. Most common. Defensively expands head into diamond-shape. F. Colubridae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Green water snake. F. Colubridae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Garter snake. F. Colubridae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ribbon snake. F. Colubridae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Graham's crayfish snake. F. Colubridae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Queensnake. Disjunct distribution. None in Hot Springs since 1890. F. Colubridae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gulf glossy (crayfish) snake. S. Ar in S flowing streams. F. Colubridae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Smooth/Rough Earthsnakes. F. Colubridae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Redbelly and brown snakes. F. Colubridae. |
|
|
Term
| Carphophis amoensis helenae |
|
Definition
| Wormsnake. on the Ridge. Orange. F. Colubridae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Western wormsnake. F. Colubridae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ring-necked snake.( Mississippi RNS heading into MTS.) F. Colubridae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mudsnake. Eats sirens and amphiumas. Spine like scales on tip of tail. "Stinging snake". Gouge w/ tail. F. Colubridae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Death feigning. Flattens neck. Eat toads. F. Colubridae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Flathead snake. Our smallest. Eat lepidopteran/orthopteran larvae. Recently placed in Colubrinae. Worm-like. F. Colubridae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cobras, Kraits, Seasnakes, Death adders, and allies. Usually protoglyphous/ can throw venom. Left lung absent. Large ventrals. Tubular/hollow fangs. Neurotoxic(shuts down respiratory) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cobras. Common in Old World. Some can accurately spit into predators eyes. F. Elapidae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| King Cobra. 18'. Largest venomous snake. Feeds on other snakes. Intelligent. Exceptionally aggressive when guarding eggs. Feared/revered in many cultures. F. Elapidae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mambas. Terrestrial/arboreal. Defensive. Fastest snakes. Mostly African. 14'. F. Elapidae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Kraits. Forrest floor. More docile than most other Elapidae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Death Adders. Short stout body. Triangular head. Live similar to vipers. F. Elapidae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Our representatives only in extreme S near Louisiana. F. Elapidae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Many in C. America. Fossorial. Eat snakes/lizards. Rigid posterior fangs. Neurotoxins. F. Elapidae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Eastern Coralsnake. F. Elapidae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Texas coralsnake. F. Elapidae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Arizona coralsnake. F. Elpidae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sea Kraits. Terrestrial/marine. Come ashore to digest marine food. Eat eels and the like. 10 most veomous snakes around Australia. F. Elapidae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Retractable anterior fangs |
|
|
