Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Reproductive Terms
Terms made easy!
70
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
11/15/2011

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What is the average onset of puberty for girls?
Definition
In the U.S.- 9 or 10
Term
What triggers the stimulation of FSH and LH?
Definition
Rising levels of GnRH (stimulating anterior pituitary)
Term
What is Thelarche?
Definition
The development of breasts.
Term
What occurs when FSH stimulates follicles to secrete estrogen and progesteterone?
Definition
The 2nd sex organs go for maturation and there is an increase in height and the width of the pelvis. (Preparing uterus for pregnancy
Term
Define therlarche
Definition
Development of breasts
Term
Define Pubarche
Definition
Growth of pubic and axillary, apocrine and sebacious glands.
Term
Define Menarche
Definition
It is the first menstrual period (age 12)
Term
What is the average age of menopause
Definition
52.
Term
What does age related depletion of follicles lead to?
Definition
Less secretion of estrogen and progesterone.
Term
What is the result of the post-menopause depletion of homrones?
Definition
Atrophy of uterus, vagina and breasts
Skin becomes thinner
Bone mass declines
Risk of cardiovascular disease increases
Hot flashes occur.
Term
What is HRT?
Definition
A low dose of estrogen and progesterone therapy.
Term
What is the definition of the reproductive cycle.
Definition
Events occurring between fertilization and birth.
Term
What is the sexual cycle?
Definition
Events recurring every month when pregnancy does not occur.
Term
What is the ovarian cycle?
Definition
Events occurring in the ovaries
Term
What is the definition of the menstrual cycle?
Definition
It is the parallel changes in the uterus.
Term
Name the series that leads to the embryonic develop of the ovary?
Definition
Female germ cells arise from the yolk sack of the embryo?
They different into oogonia and multiply in number
They transform into primary oocytes (eggs), which is early meiosis I.
Most degenerate (atresia) by the time they reach childhood.
Term
For females, at the time of puberty, how many oocytes remain?
Definition
400,000 eggs
Term
FSH stimulates the completetion of what?
Definition
The completion of meiosis I. which produces the secondary oocyte and the 1st polar body.
Term
What is a haploid?
Definition
It is half of the diploid.
Term
What is the diploid?
Definition
2n or 2 copies.
Term
When FSH stimulates completion of meiosis I what occurs?
Definition
It produces the secondary oocytes and the 1st polar body
Term
How long is the average sexual cycle?
Definition
Average is 28 days.
Term
What is the homone cycle hierarchy of control?
Definition
The hypothalamus to the pituitary to the ovaries to the uterus.
Term
What occurs during the Follicular phase?
Definition
Takes place during two weeks. Menstruation occurs during the first 3-5 days of cycle. The uterus replaces lost endometrium and follicles grow.
Term
What occurs during the postovulatory phase?
Definition
2 weeks long. The corpus luteum stimulates endometrial thickening which is lost if pregnancy does not occur.
Term
What are the three phases of the ovarian cycle?
Definition
1. Follicular
2. Menstrual phase
3. Preovulatory phase.
Term
What is the Luteal phase?
Definition
The corpus luteum forms ruptured follicle under direction of Luteinizing hormone.
Term
What is the proliferative phase?
Definition
It is the time of rebuilding of endometrial tissue lost at last menstruation-- mitosis occurs at stratum basalis.
Term
What is the Secretory Phase?
Definition
It is the further thickening of endometrium due to secretion and fluid accumulation.
Term
What happens during the premenstrual phase?
Definition
Progesterone level falls due to atrophy of hte corpus luteum and spiral arteries constricting which cause endometrial ischemia. The pools of blood accumulate in the stratum functionalis.
Term
The Menstrual phase- what happens?
Definition
Blood and serous fluid and endometrial tissue are all discharged.
Term
How long does gestation last?
Definition
266 days.
Term
What are the hormones of pregnancy?
Definition
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) which comes about after 9 days of conception.
AND
Estrogens.
AND Progesterone.
Term
How much does the mother's blood volume rise?
Definition
Thirty percent
Term
How much does cardiac output rise by 27 weeks?
Definition
thirty percent.
Term
How much doees minute respiratory ventilation rise?
Definition
By about fifty percent?
Term
What does ischemia of myometrium refer to?
Definition
It is the pain of labor due to the stretching of the cervix, vagina, and perineum.
Term
Define puerperium
Definition
First 6 weeks after delivery. In which the mom's uterus tries to recover (involution).
Term
Ejection of milk from the mammary glands is what?
Definition
Lactation.
Term
What is Lactation due to?
Definition
Estrogen during pregnancy and progesterone.
Term
What is the colostrum and breast milk synthesized by?
Definition
Prolactin.
Term
Define gamete.
Definition
Sex cells that must meet and combine.
Term
Define zygote
Definition
Fertilized egg.
Term
What are the primary sex organs?
Definition
Gonads, organs that produce gametes; testes and ovaries.
Term
What are the secondary sex organs?
Definition
Males: ducts, glands and the penis.
Females: uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina.
Term
How many chromosomes, autosomes, and sex chromosomes have?
Definition
23 pairs of chromosomes; 22 pairs of autosomes, and one pair of sex chromosomes.
Term
What are the external genitalia of men and what do they occupy?
Definition
nThe scrotum and the penis and they occupy the perineum.
Term
In males, what is the inferior entrance?
Definition
The external inguinal ring.
Term
In males what is the superior exit?
Definition
The internal inguinal ring.
Term
What is an inguinal hernia?
Definition
A protrusion of abdominal cavity contents through the inguinal canal.
Term
What are the testes?
Definition
The combined endocrine and exocrine glands that produce sex hormones and sperm.
Term
What is the vas deferens?
Definition
It is a muscular tube that passes upward from the scrotum, travels through the inguinal canal and enters the pelvic cavity.
Term
What is the ejaculatory duct?
Definition
That is where the vas deferns and the duct of the seminal vesicle meet and form a short duct which passes through the prostate gland and empties into the urethra (in detail here).
Term
What are the three sets of accessory glands in the male reproductive system?
Definition
The seminal vesicles, the prostate gland, and the cowper or bulbourethral glands.
Term
What is the purpose of the penis?
Definition
To deposit semen in the vagina.
Term
The penis consists of three cylindrical bodies called:
Definition
erectile tissue.
Term
Adolescence:
Definition
Period from the onset of gonadtropin secretion and reproductive development until reaching full height.
Term
Puberty:
Definition
First few years of adolescence until the first menstrual period in girls or ejaculation with viable sperm in boys.
Term
What does LH stimulate in sertoli cells?
Definition
The secretion of androgen binding proteins (ABP) into the lumen of the seminiferous tubules.
Term
What do angrogens do?
Definition
Stimulate growth of sex organs, bursts of generalized body growth, stimulation of pubic, axillary, and facial hair, and acne, as well as awakening libidos.
Term
Mitosis:
Definition
Double stranded chromosome
Term
Meiosis:
Definition
Haploid, unpaired chromosomes.
Term
What does frinogen cause semen to do?
Definition
It causes it to clot. And clotting enzymes convert firbinogen to firbin .
Term
Fibrinolysin:
Definition
dissolves firbrin and liquefies semen to liberate it from the clot.
Term
Prostaglandins:
Definition
Stimulate peristaltic contractions in the female reproductive tract.
Term
Spermine:
Definition
a base for giving semen a pH of about 7.4
Term
Ejaculation occurs in two stages:
Definition
Emission and Expulsion.
Term
Primordial germ cells are:
Definition
Cells destined to become sperm or spermatogonia.
Term
Primary spermatocytes become
Definition
secondary spermatocytes which undergoes meiosis II.
Term
What are prostaglandins:
Definition
they stimulate peristaltic contractions of the female reproductive tract.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!