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Reproductive System
N/A
27
Anatomy
11th Grade
05/30/2010

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Cards

Term
Paracrine Secretions
Definition
Hormone secretions which only affect neighboring cells
Term
Autocrine Secretions
Definition
Hormone secretions that affect only the secreting cell itself
Term
Steroids
Definition

Formed From: Cholesterol

Examples: Estrogen, testosterone, aldosterone, and cortisol

Term
Amines
Definition

Formed From: Amino Acids

Examples: norepinephrine and epinepherine 

Term
Peptides
Definition

Formed From: Amnio Acids

Examples: antidiuretic hormone, oxytocin, thyrotropin-releasing hormone 

Term
Proteins
Definition

Formed From: Amino Acids

Example: Parathyroid hormone, Growth Hormone, Prolactin

Term
Glycoproteins
Definition

Formed From: Protein and Carbohyrate

Example: Follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone

Term
Cyclis AMP (cAMP)
Definition
activates another set of enzymes which transfer phosphate groups from ATP to their substrate molecules, specific proteins within the cell
Term
Prostaglandins
Definition
Lipids that are synthesized from fatty acid in cell membranes; syntehsied right before use- rapidly in activated
Term
Pituitary Gland
Definition
located at the base of the brain where the pituitary stalk attatches to the hypothalamus
Term
Releasing Hormones
Definition
Control the secretion from the anterior pituitary 
Term
Growth Hormone
Definition
Action: Stimulates an increse in the size and division rat of body cells; enhances movement of amino acids across membranes
Term
Prolactin
Definition
Sustains milk production after birth
Term
Thyroid-Stimulating hormone
Definition
Controls the secretion of hormones from the thyroid gland
Term
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Definition
Controls the secretion of certain hormones from the adrenal cortex
Term
Follicle-Stimulating hormone
Definition

Female: responsible for the development of egg-containing follicles in ovaries and stimulating the secretion of estrogen

Males: Stimulates the secretion of sperm cells

Term
Luteinizing Hormone
Definition
Promotes the secretion of sex hormones; plays a role in releasing egg cell in females
Term
Antidiuretic Hormone
Definition
Causes kidneys to conserve water; in high concentration it increases blood pressure
Term
Oxytocin
Definition
Contracts muscles in the uterine wall; contracts muscles associated with milk-secreting glands
Term
Thyroxine 
Definition
Increases rate of energy release from carbohydrates; increases rate of protein synthesis; accelerates growth; stimulates activity in the nervous system
Term
Triiodothyronine
Definition
5x more potent than Thyroxine, with the same effects
Term
Calcitonin
Definition
Lowers blood calcium and phosphate ion concentrations by inhibiting the release of calcium and phosphate ions from bones and by increasing excretion of these ions by kidneys
Term
Aldosterone 
Definition
Helps to regulate the concentration of extracellular electrolytes by conserving sodium ions and excreting potassium ions
Term
Cortisol
Definition
Decreases protein sythesis, increases fatty acid release, and stimulates glucose synthesis from noncarbohydrates
Term
Adrenal Androgens
Definition
Supplement sex hormones from the gonads; may be converted to estrogen in females
Term
Glucagon
Definition
Stimulates the liver to break down glycogen and certain amino acids into glucose, raising blood sugar concentration 
Term
Insulin
Definition
Stimulates the liver to form glycogen from glucose and inhibits the conversion of noncarbohydrates into glucose
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