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Reproductive System
University of Evansville EXSS113
17
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
05/03/2010

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Term
Testosterone
Definition
Synthesized from cholesterol
Transformed to exert its effects on some target cells
Term
Effects of Testosterone
Definition
Prompts spermatogenesis
Targets all accessory organs; deficiency leads to atrophy
Has multiple anabolic effects throughout the body
Is the basis of the sex drive in males
Term
Oogenesis
Definition
Production of female gametes
Begins in the fetal period
Term
Ovarian Cycle
Definition
Monthly series of events associated with the maturation of an egg. Follicular phase and Luteal phase.
Term
Follicular phase
Definition
Days 1-14
Period of follicle growth
Followed by ovulation
Term
Luteal Phase
Definition
days 14-28
Period of corpus luteum activity
Preceded by ovulation
Term
Follicular Phase sequence
Definition
1. The primordial follicle is activated
2. Follicle enlarges to become a primary follicle
3. Primary follicle becomes a secondary follicle
4. Secondary follicle becomes a late secondary follicle
5. Late secondary follicle becomes a vesicular follicle
Term
Ovulation
Definition
Follicle ruptures; secondary oocyte is ovulated
Term
Mittelschmerz
Definition
twinge of pain sometimes felt at ovulation
Term
Luteal Phase Sequence
Definition
Granulosa cells and internal thecal cells form corpus luteum
If no pregnancy, the corpus luteum degenerates into a corpus albicans in 10 days
Term
Establishing Ovarian Cycle
Definition
Until puberty, ovaries secrete small amounts of estrogens, which inhibit release of GnRH
At puberty, leptin from adipose tissue decreases the estrogen inhibition. GnRH, FSH, and LH are released and adult cyclic pattern is achived and menarche occurs
Term
Functions of LH surge
Definition
1. Completes meiosis I
2. Triggers ovulation
3. Turns ruptured follicles into corpus luteum
Term
Hormonal cycle
Definition
1. Fluctuation of gonadotropin levels: fluctuating levels of pituitary gonadotropins in the blood regulate the events of the ovarian cycle
2. Ovarian cycle: structural changes in the ovarian follicles during the ovarian cycle are correlated with changes in the endometrium during the uterine cycle
Term
Uterine (menstrual) cycle
Definition
Cyclinc changes in endometrium in response to ovarian hormones
Days 1-5= menstrual phase
Days 6-14= proliferative phase
Days 15-28= secretory phase (most constant)
Term
3 layers of uterine wall
Definition
1. Perimetrium: serous
2. Myometrium: interlacing layers of smooth muscle
3. Endometrium: mucosal lining
Term
Stratum functionalis of endometrium
Definition
changes in response to ovarian hormone cycles, is shed during menstruation
Term
Stratum basalis of endometrium
Definition
Forms new functionalis after menstruation, unresponsive to ovarian hormones
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