Term
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Definition
sex cell
(sperm or egg/oocytes) |
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Term
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Definition
| without a union of gametes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| piece of organism breaks off and forms new organism |
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Term
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Definition
(yeasts)
forms bud and bud releases and forms new organism |
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Term
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Definition
colonial insects
(bees, ants, and termites)
development of unfertilized egg |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| zygote splits after egg and sperm fertilize |
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Term
| Types of Asexual Reproduction |
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Definition
1. Fragmentation
2.Budding
3.Parthogenesis
4.Fission
5.Identical Twinning
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Term
| Advantages of Asexual Reproduction |
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Definition
1. require only one parent
2. A lot of individuals in short period of time
3. all individuals are well adapted to a non-changing environment |
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Term
| Disadvantages of asexual reproduction |
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Definition
1. little genetic diversity
2. little genetic recombination
3. not well adapted for changing environment |
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Term
| Advantages of sexual reproduction |
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Definition
1. genetic variability
2. genetic recombination
3. well adapted to changing environments |
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Term
| disadvantages of sexual reproduction |
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Definition
1. takes two people
2. much more complex reproductive structures and reproductive processess |
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Term
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Definition
-many small eggs
-external fertilization
-external embryonic development
-no parental care
-yes water required
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Term
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Definition
-many small eggs
-external fertilization
-external embryonic development
-no parental care
-yes water required |
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Term
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Definition
-fewer, much larger eggs
-internal fertilization
-external embryonic development
-limited parental care
-no water required |
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Term
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Definition
-fewer smaller eggs
-internal fertilization
-external embryonic development
-a lot of parental care
-no water required |
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Term
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Definition
-fewer, smaller eggs
-internal fertilization
internal embryonic development
-a lot of parental care
-no water required |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| union of gametes in sexual reproduction |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
sex cell producing organs
(testes in male, ovaries in female)
primary sex organs |
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Term
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Definition
primary structure where sperm is produced- during embryonic stage, they develop in the abdominopelvic cavity and get lowered into septum a week or two before birth.
temperature in scrotum is 2-3 degrees cooler than body |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 opening that testes travel through to enter scrotum |
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Term
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Definition
| tubes used to lower testes from abdominopelvic cavity to scrotum |
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Term
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Definition
| failure to testes to descend |
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Term
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Definition
| testes trying to push up through inguinal canal |
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Term
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Definition
in each testes- where sperm is actually produced
(site of spermatogenesis) |
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Term
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Definition
surrounded the seminiferous tubules.
they produce testosterone which is required for proper sperm development |
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Term
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Definition
| production of sperm cells |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs in ovaries to produce eggs |
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Term
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Definition
| n=sex cells=23 chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| 2n = body cells= 46 chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| 2n=46 primary spermatocyte splits to two 2n+46 secondary spermatocytes, then splits into four n=23 spermatids (mitosis & meiosis) |
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Term
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Definition
| 2n=46 primay oocyte splits into two 2n=46 secondary daughter, then splits into four n=23 oocytes (mitosis & meiosis) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| contains power enzyme that allows sperm to penetrate egg |
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Term
| sperm cells use ______ for energy |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. 10% sperm
2. saline solution with 0.9%NaCl
3. fructose
4. prostagladins
5.alkaline fluid- protects sperm from vaginal tract that has a ph of 4.5-5.5 |
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Term
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Definition
| causes contractions of the smooth muscle in the female reproductive |
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Term
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Definition
1.testes
2.epididymis
3.vas deferens
4.seminal vessicles
5.ejaculatory duct
6.cowper's gland |
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Term
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Definition
| seminiferous tubule=spermatogenesis |
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Term
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Definition
| until mobile (approximately 18 hours) |
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Term
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Definition
| long term storage of sperm |
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Term
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Definition
| fructose, alkaline fluid, and prostaglandins |
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Term
| seminal vessicle ducts unite with vas deferens to form |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| enters urethra in middle of prostate gland which releases more alkaline fluid |
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Term
cowpers gland
(bulbourethral Gland) |
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Definition
2 glands along urethra, produces thin mucous to protect urethra.
they are located at the base of the penis |
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Term
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Definition
| expulsion of egg from follicle |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| implantation occurs anywhere outside of the uterus |
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Term
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Definition
1. perimetrium- outer layer
2. myometrium - middle layer smooth muscle
3. endometrium- inner layer |
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Term
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Definition
| external female structures |
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Term
| external female structures |
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Definition
1. clitoris
2. labia minora
3. labia majora |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| secretes thin mucous to protect vulva |
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Term
| what is broken down by bacteria and turned into lactic acid which gives the vaginal tract its acidic pH |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 functions of vaginal tract |
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Definition
1. take in seminal fluid
2. birth canal |
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Term
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Definition
when egg implants on uterus.
then releases chorionic gonadotropin.
(EPT test) |
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Term
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Definition
| aputer covering of blastocyst that releases chorionic gonadotropin |
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Term
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Definition
| sends signal to corpus luteum to continue producing progesterone and continue thickening endometrium to form placenta |
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Term
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Definition
structures in different organisms that have the same purpose but different evolutionary orgins
(wings of insects versus birds) |
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Term
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Definition
| have a commono evolutionary orgin |
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Term
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Definition
penis - clitoris
testes - ovaries
scrotum - labia |
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Term
| physiological changes and development of reproductive organs for males and females are controlled by ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| males site of hormone production |
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Definition
androgens
1. pituitary gland
2. hypothalamus
3. ovaries |
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Term
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Definition
estrogens
1. pituitary gland
2. hypothalamus
3. ovaries |
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Term
| 4 stages of fertilization |
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Definition
1. formation of "fertilization membrane"
2. introduction of male DNA
3. metabolic activation of egg
4. cleavage - the production of many very small cells |
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Term
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Definition
1. growth- increase in size
2. differentiation- specialization of cells and tissues
3. morphogenesis- shaping of adult form |
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Term
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Definition
1. ovulation
2. fertilization
3. blastulation
4. implantation
5. gastrulation
6. embyonic development
7. fetal development |
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Term
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Definition
| expulsion of egg from follicle |
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Term
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Definition
(union of gametes)
in oviduct/fallopian tube- zygote is formed |
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Term
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Definition
formation of a hollow ball of cells (blastocyst) in
oviduct/ fallopian tube
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Term
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Definition
| burrowing of the blastocyst into the endometium |
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Term
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Definition
| gastrula in endometrium rearramges cells into tissue layers |
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Term
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Definition
| (embryo) till approximately 8 wks |
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Term
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Definition
| (fetus) from 8 wks until birth. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| initial tissue layers (germ layers) |
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Term
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Definition
1. inner- endoderm- digestive, endocrine, and respiratory
2. middle- mesoderm- muscles and bones
3. outer- ectoderm- integumentery and nervous |
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Term
|
Definition
1. yolk sacs
2.allantois
3.amnion
4. chorion |
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Term
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Definition
rudimentary sac
(no purpose) |
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Term
allantois
(allantois stalk) |
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Definition
primary urinary bladder;
stalk becomes umbilical cord that runs between fetus to placenta |
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Term
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Definition
bag of waters
(thermal protection, mechanical protection) |
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Term
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Definition
| embryonic portion of the placenta |
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Term
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Definition
| echanges gases, wastes, and nutrients between fetus and mother |
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Term
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Definition
1. endometrium- maternal portion
2. chorion- embryonic portion |
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Term
| is there direct blood exchange between embryo/fetus and mother |
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Definition
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Term
| what is pre-natal genetic testing |
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Definition
| to see if there are possible genetic defects (invasive) |
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Term
| Types of prenatal genetic testing |
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Definition
1. aminocentesis- available at 16wks- sample of amniotic fluid
2. chorionic villus biopsy- available at 8 wks- sample of chorion |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
1. vasectomy- male sterilization- cuts vas deferns
2. tubal ligation- female sterilization- cuts oviducts |
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Term
|
Definition
| when external factors like drugs, x-rays, alcoohol, tobacco, and infectious diseases can cause major developmental problems |
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Term
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Definition
| healthy heartbeat can be heard with a stethoscope |
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Term
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Definition
protein intake by mother is very important.
needs to be positive nitrogen balance |
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Term
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Definition
1. dilation stage
2. expulsion stage
3. placental stage |
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Term
|
Definition
| from onset of true contractions to "crowning" |
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Term
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Definition
| from "crowing" to deliveringg of fetus |
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Term
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Definition
| delivering of placenta (afterbirth) |
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Term
| once umbilical cord is cut, the fetus has |
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Definition
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