Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Reproductive System
Vocab
39
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
12/06/2011

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
GAMETES
Definition
Sex cells, have half the # of chromosoomes as other cells in the body. Sperm cells are the males and Oocytes are the females.
Term
MEIOSIS
Definition
A kind of cell division that produces gametes
Term
DIPLOID
Definition
The normal chromosome number in human cells is 46. Also known 2n number of chromosomes
Term
HOMOLOGOUS PAIR
Definition
Consists of 22 autosomal pairs, which are the chromosomes except the sex chromosomes, and 1 pair of sex chromosomes
Term
SEX CHROMOSOME
Definition
X & Y= MALE X & X= FEMALE
Term
HAPLOID NUMBER (n)
Definition
One set chromosomes, in contrast to diploid; characteristic of gametes
Term
CHROMATIDS
Definition
One-half of of a chromasomes; seperates from its partner during cell division. Replicated chromosome
Term
CENTROMERE
Definition
The constricted region joining the two sister chromatids that make up an X-shaped chromosome.
Term
SYNAPSIS
Definition
Homologous chromosomes align as pairs. Part of a chromatid of one homologous chromosome breaks off and is exchanged with part of another chromatid from the other homologous chromosome
Term
CROSSING OVER
Definition
Exchange of genetic material. Allows the exchange of genetic material between maternal and paternal chromosomes.
Term
RANDOM ASSORTMENT
Definition
Crossing over and _____________ of maternal and paternal chromosomes are responsible for the diversity in the genetic make up of sperm cells and oocytes.
Term
REDUCTION DIVISION
Definition
The 1st meiotic division. Where the chromosome # is reduced from a 2n number (46 chromosomes , or 23 pairs) to an n number (23 chromosomes, or 1 from each homologous pair)
Term
SCROTUM
Definition
saclike structure containing the testes. Divided into right and left internal compartmentsby an incomplete connective tissue septum.
Term
TESTES
Definition
Small, ovoid organs each about 4-5cm long within the scrotum. Both endocrine and exocrine glands.
Term
SEMINIFEROUS TUBULE
Definition
Coiled tubes located in the lobules.The uncoiled combined length of the seminiferous tubules in both testes is nearly half a mile. Site of sperm cell production.
Term
INTERSTITIAL CELLS/ CELLS OF LEYDIG
Definition
clusters of cells within delicate connective tissue surrounding the seminiferous tubules. They are endocrine cells that secrete testosterone
Term
SPERMATOGENESIS
Definition
Formation of sperm cells
Term
SPERMATOGONIA
Definition
Cells that give rise to sperm cells. They are located in the periphery of the seminiferous tubules and divided by mitosis
Term
PRIMARY SPERMATOCYTES
Definition
Divide by meiosis. Spermatocyte arising by growth phase from a spermatogonium; gives rise to secondary sprematocytes after the 1st meiotic division
Term
SECONDARY SPERMATOCYTE
Definition
Spermatocyte derived froma primary sprematocyte by the first meiotic division. Each secondary spermatocyte gives rise by the 2nd meiotic division to 2 spermatids
Term
SPERMATIDS
Definition
Cell derived from the secondary spermatocyte;gives rise to spermatozoon.
Term
Sperm cell/ Spermatozoon
Definition
Male gamnete or sex cell, composed of a head and a tail. Contains the genetic info transmitted by the male.
Term
PENIS
Definition
male organ of copulation, transferring sperm cells from the male to the female. Contains 3 columns of erectile tissue.
Term
CORPORA CAVERNOSA
Definition
2 columns of erectile tissue forming the dorsal portions of the sides of the penis
Term
CORPUS SPONSPONGIOSUM
Definition
Surrounds the spongy urethra and forms the ventral portion of the penis.
Term
GLANS PENIS
Definition
Conical expansionof the corpus spongiosumthat forms the head of the penis
Term
HUMAN CHRIONIC GONADOTROPIN (hCG)
Definition
Hormone secreted by the placenta. Stimulates the secretion of testosterone by the fetus; during the 1st trimester, its stimulates ovarian secretion from the corpus leteum of the estrogen and progesterone required for the maintenance of the placenta. In a male fetus, is stimulates the secretion of testosterone by the fetal testis.
Term
OOGONIA
Definition
Cells from which oocytes develop
Term
PRIMARY OOCYTES
Definition
By the time of birth, many of the oogonia have degenerated , and the remaining have begun meiosis and now called _________.The oocyte that arises from the oogonium via the process of oocytogenesis, and gives rise to secondary oocyte and polar body after first meiotic division (meiosis I).
Term
OVULATION
Definition
Release of an ovum or secondary oocyte, from the vesticullar follicle
Term
SECONDARY OOCYTE
Definition
Oocyte in which the second meiotic division stops at metaphase II unless fertilization
Term
POLAR BODY
Definition
One of the 2 small cells formed during oogenesis because of unequal division of the cytoplasm
Term
Internal Female Genitalia
Definition
Ovaries,uterine tubes,uterus, and vagina
Term
EXTERNAL FEMALE GENITILIA/ EXTERNAL FEMALE GENITALS/VULVA/PUDENDUM
Definition
Vestibule, and its surrounding structures
Term
LABIA MINORA
Definition
The vestibule is bordered by a pair of thin, longitudinal skin folds
Term
CLITORIS
Definition
A small erectile structure. Located in the anterior margin of the vestibule.
Term
PREPUCE
Definition
The 2 labia minora unite over the clitoris to form a fold of skin
Term
CORPORA CAVERNOSA
Definition
The clitoris contains 2 erectile structures, the _________. Comparable to the corpora cavernosa of the penis
Term
MAMMARY GLANDS
Definition
Modified sweat glands that produce milk. Located within the breast
Supporting users have an ad free experience!