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Reproductive system
Reproductive system
92
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
07/22/2011

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Term
_________ is the cell division used to produce gametes (note: this is the diploid state.) Occurs at fertilization.
Definition
Meiosis
Term
Male gamets are ________.
Definition
sperm
Term
Female gametes are _________ or __________(scientific name).
Definition
eggs, oocytes
Term
________ are the sites of sperm productin in the male.
Definition
Testes
Term
_____ are the sites of oocyte production in the female.
Definition
Ovary
Term
The _________ in gametes is half that of somatic cells.
Definition
chromosome number
Term
Gametes are said to be _________ in chromosome number.
Definition
haploid
Term
Somatic cells are ________.
Definition
diploid
Term
In humans, the diploid chromosome number is ___.
Definition
46
Term
The haploid number in human gametes is ______.
Definition
23
Term
During fertilization, a _______ is producted from the union of sperm and oocyte.
Definition
zygote
Term
A human zygote has _________ (#) chromosomes.
Definition
46
Term
During Meiosis cells in ovaries and testes undergo two sequential nuclear divisions: ________ & __________
Definition
Meiosis I (unique to Meiosis) and Meiosis II (resembles Mitosis)
Term
___________ chromosome pairs align side by side.
Definition
Homologus
Term
Sister chromatids exchange pieces during ____________
Definition
crossing over
Term
In Meiosis I, Homologous chromosomes separate and the cell _________.
Definition
divides
Term
The resulting two cells when the homologous chromosomes separate and the cell divides are ___________ in chromosome number.
Definition
haploid
Term
The sister chromatids of each replicated chromosome separate and cells ______. The resulting cells are still ____________ in chromosome number.
Definition
divide, haploid
Term
Sperm are produced in the paired _________ which are located inside a sac called the ________.
Definition
testes, scrotum
Term
The hormone _________ is also produced by these glands.
Definition
testosterone
Term
Sperm mature in the ___________ before entering the vas dererens.
Definition
epididymis
Term
The vas deferens leaves the scrotum in the ________ cord and enters the ________ cavity.
Definition
spermatic, pelvic
Term
The ________ contributes a small amount of fluid to the semen.
Definition
testes
Term
Three glands that contribute additional fluid to semen: 1)_________ 2)__________ 3)_________
Definition
1)prostate gland
2)seminal vesicle duct
3)bulbourethral (cowper's) glands
Term
During ejaculation, wavelike smooth muscle contractions called ________ propel semen from the vas deferens and ___________ ducts to the urethra.
Definition
peristalsis, ejaculatory
Term
In order of semen flow, three regions of the male urethra are: 1)________ 2)_________ 3)__________.
Definition
1)prostatic urethra, 2)membranous urethra, 3)spongy urethra.
Term
If the ________ gland hypertrophies with age, the flow of urine can be partially obstructed.
Definition
prostate
Term
During the sexual response, erectile tissue in the penis engorges with _______. The congestion causes small _____(vessels) to clamp shut, so they are temporarily unable to drain the penis.
Definition
blood, veins
Term
During fetal development, testes develop in the __________ (near fetal kidneys) cavity.
Definition
abdominal
Term
Cryptorchidism is a condition when a testis fails to __________
Definition
drop or descend
Term
What are the consequences of cryptorchidism to sperm production, and why?
Definition
Reduces sperm count because testes is too warm.
Term
What serious disease's incidence is greatly increased in cryptorchidism?
Definition
testicular cancer
Term
Oocytes are produced by the paired _________, which are located bilateral to the muscular ________.
Definition
ovaries, uterus
Term
The average monthly cycle of a reproductive-age women is ____ days.
Definition
28
Term
Menstruation begins on Day ___ and usually lasts ______
Definition
6, 3-5 days
Term
During a woman's reproductive years, a single secondary oocyte is normally ovulated _____ per month around Day _______, due to a surge in the hormone called luteinizing hormone.
Definition
once, 14
Term
The secondary oocyte is swept into the uterine tube (oviduct; fallopian tube) by the movement of fingerlike extensions called ____________ near the ovary.
Definition
fimbriae
Term
The pH of the vagina is normally ________(acidic, alkaline). This pH is antibacterial. Sperm are protected from the vaginal pH because semen is _______ (acidic, alkaline)
Definition
acidic, alkaline
Term
The most common side of fertilization is the _________.
Definition
ampulla
Term
A fertilized secondary oocyte completes ________.
Definition
oogenesis
Term
Wavelike smooth muscle contractions called __________ and organelles called __________ propel the oocyte along the uterine tube towards the ________-for implantation (if the oocyte has been fertilized).
Definition
peristaltic, , uterus
Term
If fertilization has occurred, the corpus _______helps prevent another ovulation.
Definition
luteum
Term
If fertilization has not occurred, the corupus luteum degenerates into the corpus _______, and another monthly cycle occurs (menstruation and ovulation).
Definition
albicans
Term
The PAP smear is a sample of _______ epithelial cells examined for cellular abnormalities including dysplasia and cancer.
Definition
squamos
Term
secretes 60% of semen volume; alkaline pH; prostaglandins
Definition
seminal vesicle duct
Term
organ that produces sperm
Definition
testes
Term
part of urethra within the urogenital diaphragm
Definition
membranous urethra
Term
site of storage and maturation of sperm
Definition
epididymis
Term
secretes 25% of semen volume; increases viability and motility of sperm
Definition
prostate gland
Term
located in prostate; formed by union of ducts of the ductus deferens and seminal vesicle
Definition
ejaculatory duct
Term
covers and pretects testes
Definition
tunica albuginea
Term
contracts to pull testes close to body; located in spermatic cord
Definition
cremaster muscles
Term
last section of urethra located in penis
Definition
spongy urethra
Term
tube located in both the spermatic cord and pelvic cavity for transporting sperm
Definition
ductus deferens
Term
contracts to wrinkly scrotum; located in scrotal wall
Definition
dartos muscle
Term
ejaculatory duct opens into this part of urethra
Definition
prostate gland
Term
copulatory organ; passageway for urine and semen
Definition
urethra
Term
secretes mucus for lubrication of glans; alkalne pH
Definition
bulbourethral (cowper's) glands
Term
Part of sperm that contains chromosomes
Definition
primary spermatocycte
Term
haploid cells formed when secondary spermatocytes undergo meiosis II
Definition
spermatids
Term
cells that secrete testosterone
Definition
Leydig cells
Term
diploid stem cells
Definition
spermatogonia
Term
Process that produces haploid sperm from diploid stem cells
Definition
spermatogenesis
Term
cells that surround spermatocytes and spermatids and provide chemical environment for spermatogenesis
Definition
sertolicells
Term
space within testes where leydig cells are located
Definition
interstitial spaces
Term
diploid cells that undergo meiosis I to form two haploid secondary spermatocytes
Definition
primary spermatocytes
Term
process that transforms spermatids into sperm
Definition
spermiogenesis
Term
part of sperm that produces atp
Definition
midpiece
Term
propells the sperm
Definition
tail
Term
Domed portion of uterus
Definition
fundus
Term
transports secondary oocyte toward uterus
Definition
oviducts
Term
usual site of fertilization
Definition
ampulla
Term
found on end of infundibulum of uterine tubes
Definition
fimbriae
Term
opening between uterus and cervix
Definition
internal os
Term
largest portion of uterus
Definition
body
Term
implantation of zygote and development of fetus occurs in this organ
Definition
uterus
Term
narrower portion of uterus; connects with vagina
Definition
cervix
Term
produces secondary oocytes and hormones
Definition
ovaries
Term
middle layer of uterus
Definition
myometrium
Term
sheet-like ligament attaches uterus to lateral body wall
Definition
broad ligaments
Term
layer of uterus that sheeds during menstruation
Definition
stratum functionalis
Term
ligament attaches uterus to labia majora
Definition
round ligaments
Term
Area between the labia minora with openings of urethra and vagina.
Definition
vestible
Term
folds in vagina
Definition
rugae
Term
erectile tissue
Definition
clitoris
Term
tissue that pads mons pubis
Definition
adipose
Term
milk-producing glands
Definition
alveoli
Term
openings in the nipple
Definition
lactiferous duct openings
Term
organ for intercourse; canal for childbirth and menstruation
Definition
vagina
Term
another name for external genitalia
Definition
vulva
Term
Name the structures for the pathway of a secondary oocyte from the ovary to the uterus
Definition
1)ovary 2)infundibulum of uterine tube 3)fimbriae of uterine tube 4)ampulla of uterine tube 5)isthmus of uterine tube 6)fundus of uterus 7)body of uterus
Term
List in correct order from the earlist to the latest state of development.
Definition
1)primordial follicle 2)primary follicle 3)secondary follicle 4)mature (graafian) follicle 5)corpus luteum 6)corpus albicans
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