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Reproductive System
class 3-part 1
39
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
12/03/2008

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Cards

Term
What controls blood testosterone levels
Definition
negative feedback
Term
What do high blood testosteron levels cause the hypothalamus to do
Definition
it causes it to decrease the secretion of gonadotropin releasing hormone
Term
What cells in the male are targeted by follicle stimulating hormone
Definition
Sertoli cells
Term
What does follicle stimulating hormones cause in its target
Definition
It causes Sertoli cells to secrete androgen binding protein
Term
What is an androgen
Definition
male sex hormone
Term
What type of cells does androgen binding protein affect
Definition
spermatagonia
Term
What does androgen binding protein cause in the cells it affects
Definition
it causes spematagonia to bind testosterone which stimulates spermatogenesis
Term
What hormones and chemicals are needed for spermatogenesis to occur
Definition
gonadotropin releasing hormone, follicle stimulating homone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, androgen binding hormone
Term
What controls spematogenesis
Definition
negative feedback
Term
When do Sertoli cells secrete inhibin
Definition
when sperm production is sufficient
Term
What is the action of inhibin
Definition
it slows down the secretion of follicle stimulating hormone from anterior pituitary gland
Term
What cells secrete inhibin
Definition
Sertoli cells
Term
What are the secretions of Sertoli cells
Definition
androgen binding protein and inhibin
Term
What are the two main components of semen
Definition
sperm and seminal fluid
Term
What is seminal fluid made up of
Definition
the secretions of the prostate gland, seminal vesicle, bulbourethral gland, epididymis, and Sertoli cells
Term
What are the functions of seminal fluid(5)
Definition
It provides a medium for the transport of sperm cells, It contains nutrients, It contains antimicrobial agents, It neutralizes the acids in the urethra of the male and the vagina, It contains chemicals that activate the sperm for entry into the ova
Term
What is the main nutrient found in semen and what is it used for
Definition
fructose which the sperm use for ATP production
Term
What is oogenesis
Definition
the production of eggs
Term
Where does oogenesis occur
Definition
in the ovaries
Term
When does oogenesis begin
Definition
prior to birth
Term
When does oogenesis end
Definition
at menopause
Term
What steps of oogenesis occur prior to birth
Definition
a diploid oogonia undergoes mitosis and forms two identical daughter cells called primary oocytes. The primary oocytes begin meiosis 1 but stop at prophase 1
Term
How many chromosomes do oogonia have
Definition
46
Term
How many chromosomes do primary oocytes have
Definition
46
Term
What steps of oogenesis occur during childhood
Definition
none-the ovaries are inactive
Term
What steps of oogenesis occur from pubert to menopause
Definition
each month one primary oocyte finishes meiosis 1 which results in a secondary oocyte and a polar body. The secondary oocte then begins meiosis 2 but stops at metaphase 2.
Term
How many chromosomes does the secondary oocyte have
Definition
23
Term
How many chromosomes does the polar body have
Definition
23
Term
What happens to the polar body
Definition
it is reabsorbed
Term
What causes the polar body
Definition
uneven division of the cytoplasm
Term
When does secondary oocyte complete meiosis 2
Definition
only if fertilization occurs
Term
What stage are a woman's eggs in when she is born
Definition
They are primary oocytes that have been arrested at prophase 1
Term
What stage are the eggs in when they are ovulated
Definition
they have begun meiosis 2 but are stuck at metaphase 2
Term
What is atresia
Definition
the continual dying of egg cells
Term
How many eggs are women born with
Definition
200,000-2,000,000
Term
How many eggs do women have by puberty
Definition
about 400,000 primary oocytes
Term
How many eggs are ovulatated over a woman's reproductive cycle
Definition
400
Term
What happens to the secondary oocyte if fertilied
Definition
it completes meiosis 2 and forms an ovum and a polar body
Term
What happens to the ovum during fertilization
Definition
it fuses with the sperm and forms a zygote
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