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Reproductive System Ch 19
Reproductive System Ch 19
53
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
12/03/2011

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Term
Female reproductive organs are:
And what's the functions?
Definition
the ovaries
1) produce & maintain oocytes
2) produce female sex hormones
Term
Where do ovaries develop during birth?
Definition
near the kidneys & descend near birth
Term
Ovary structure:
Definition
inner medulla and outer cortex.
Term
Ovary structure: what makes up the inner medulla & outer cortex?
Definition
Inner medulla: loose connective tissue with nerves, blood vessels, lymphatic tissue

Outer cortex: Compact tissue which contains ovarian FOLLICES
Term
What type of tissue is on the outside surface of the ovaries?
Definition
cuboidal epithelium/germinal epithelium
Term
What's a PRIMORDIAL FOLLICLE?
Definition
it contains the primary oocyte surrounded by follicular cells
(occurs during prenatal development)
Term
Primary oocytes begin meiosis I at birth, but then halt the process and pick back up when?
Definition
continue at puberty
Term
Oogenesis is:
Definition
the process of egg cell formation
Term
During oogenesis, the primary oocyte resumes meiosis I during this time. And it divides into BLANK and BLANK
Definition
into secondary oocyte and polar body
Term
Secondary ooctye enters meiosis II but halts until BLANK
Definition
until fertilization
Term
If a secondary oocyte is fertilized, it divides to produce BLANK and BLANK
Definition
a fertilized egg (zygote) and another polar body
Term
What is a zygote?
What can it develop into?
Definition
a fertilized egg.
it can develop into an embryo.
Term
What separates the oocyte from granulosa cells?
Definition
Zona pellucida
Term
what's the role of granulosa cells?
Definition
secrete sex hormones like FSH
Term
ovarian cells from 2 layers which are:
Definition
theca interna (vascular layer) and theca externa (fibrous layer)
Term
Follicular cells continue to proliferate eventually form a space-filled with fluid (antrum) - with the ooctye pushed to one side.
Definition
ok. yea.
Term
What's a mature/graafian follicle?
Definition
it's a follicle with a large ANTRUM that bulges out of the ovary & contains a secondary oocyte
Term
Ovulation occurs due of WHICH HORMONE and what does the hormone cause?
Definition
LH
and it weakens the mature follicle wall
Term
During ovulation, eventually LH causes the wall to rupture and the secondary ooctye enters WHERE
Definition
it enters the pelvic cavity into the opening of the uterine/fallopian tube
Term
Oocyte must be fertilized within HOW MUCH TIME of ovulation or else it will degenerate
Definition
within hours
Term
Male sex cells are BLANK and female sex cells are BLANK
Definition
Male sex cells are sperm, Female sex cells are oocytes
Term
Meiosis is:
Definition
is the creation of sex cells from a normal cell through 2 divisions
Term
Describe Prophase I:
Definition
46 chromosomes and 4N DNA
Crossing over occurs
Term
Describe Metaphase I:
Definition
Chromosomes line up at metaphase plate
Term
Descrbie Anaphase I:
Definition
Chromosome pairs separate
Term
Describe Telophase I:
Definition
Cell divides into 2
Term
Describe Prophase II:
Definition
one set of chromosomes (23) and 2N DNA due to sister chromatids
Term
Describe Metaphase II:
Definition
chromosomes line up at metaphase plate
Term
Describe Anaphase II:
Definition
chromosomes separate
Term
Describe Telophase II:
Definition
each cell divides again into 2 now containing 23 chromosomes and 1N DNA
Term
What's the primary sex organ in males?
Definition
testes
Term
What happens in the testes?
Definition
sperm production and sex hormones are formed
Term
All male structures are accessory sex organs except:
Definition
the testes.
Term
what's the gubernaculum?
Definition
it is fibrous cord that anchors the testes (attaches to each testis scrotum)
Term
each testis has three things:
Definition
ductus/vas deferens, nerves, and blood vessels
Term
Mediastinum testis:
Definition
connective tissue that extends into testes
Term
Seminiferous Tubulues:
Definition
contain spermatogenic cells (which are precursors to sperm(
Term
Interstitial/Leydig cells produce:
Definition
testosterone
Term
Spermatozoa are:
Definition
developing sperm
Term
Sertoli cells are supporting cells in the
Definition
seminiferous tubules, support and nourish developing sperm (spermatozoa)
Term
Spermatogonia are:

*SPERM PRODUCTION*
Definition
undifferentiated spermatic cells; contain 46 chromosomes
-Type A give rise to more spermatogonial cells
-Type B differentiate into sperm
Term
Spermatids
Definition
immature sperm cells
Term
Spermatogenesis:
Definition
the name for when sperm's being produced yooo!
Term
Spermatogenesis occurs from the base of the epithelium in the BLANK into the BLANK
Definition
Spermatogenesis occurs from the base of the epithelium in the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES into the LUMEN
Term
What cells from the blood-testis barrier for developing sperm?
Definition
sustentacular cells
Term
sperm production begins when?
Definition
puberty
Term
Spermiogenesis is:
Definition
process of sperm maturation; occurs through the seminiferous tubule into the epididymus
Term
when sperm is still in spermatid stage, what's distinctive about it?
Definition
it is still within that circle shaped cell membrane.
Term
What's mature sperm consist of?
Definition
Flattened head, midpiece/body and tail
Head consists of nucleus with 23 chromosomes
Midpiece contains many mitochondria and filaments
Tail is a flagellum that consists of microtubules
(midpiece & tail provide energy & movement for the cell)
Term
What's the ACROSOME of a mature sperm cell?
Definition
it's a vesicle that sits on the anterior end, contains enzymes that penetrate oocyte during fertilization
Term
Internal accessory organs of male sex structures
Definition
2 epididymides, 2 ductus deferentia, 2 ejaculatory ducts, urethra, 2 seminal vesicles, prostrate gland, & 2 bulbourethral glands
Term
EPIDIDYMUS
Definition
Coiled tubes about 6 meters long
Posterior & anterior
-Pseudostratified columnar epithelium that produces glycogen
-sperm cells mature throughout the tube!
Term
Mnemonic to remember pathway of sperm:
Definition
SEVENUP
Seminiferous tubules (where sperm is produced)
Epididymis
Vas/Ductus Deferens
Ejaculatory ducts
Nothing
Urethra
Penis
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