Term
| What hormones are secreted by the Thyroid Gland? |
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Definition
T3(tri-iodithyronine) and T4(thyroxine) are secreted by follicular cells.
Calcitonin is secreted by parafollicular cells. |
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Term
| What i the effect of T3 and T4? |
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Definition
| They stimulate the metabolic rate. When T3 and T4 levels rise, the rate of burning glucose increases. |
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Term
| What is the effect of calcitonin? |
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Definition
| Lowers blood Ca2 (calcium) level. As calcitonin increases, blood calcium level decreases. |
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Term
| What hormones are secreted by the Pancreas in the Islets of Langerhans? |
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Definition
| Beta cells in the islets secrete Insulin. Alfa cells in the islet secrete Glucagon. |
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Term
| What is the effect of Insulin and Glucagon. |
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Definition
| Insulin decrease blood glucose and Glucagon increases blood glucose. |
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Term
| What hormone is secreted by the Parathyroid and what effect does the hormone have? |
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Definition
| Parathyroid secretes Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) which increase blood Ca2 (calcium). This leads to an increase in bone destruction and an increase in cacium absorption in the intestines and kidneys. |
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Term
| What hormones are secreted by the ovaries? |
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Definition
| Estrogen and Progestins (Progesterone) |
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Term
| What is the effect of Estrogen from the ovaries? |
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Definition
| maturation of female reproductive system and development of female secondary sexual characteristics |
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Term
| What is the effect of Progestins? |
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Definition
| To prepare the uterus for pregnancy. |
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Term
| What two hormones together create the menstrual cycle? |
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Definition
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Term
| What hormones are secreted by the testes and what effect do they have? |
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Definition
| Androgens-maturation of male reproductive system and develop male secondary sexual characteristics. Increases sex drive and sperm production. |
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Term
| What hormones are secreted by the Thymus are wht effect do they have? |
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Definition
| THymosin - stimulation of T lymphocytes |
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Term
| WHat hormones are secreted by the Adrenal Cortex? |
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Definition
Zona Glomerulosa- secretes Mineralcorticoids (aldosterone)
Zona Fasciculate- secretes Glucocorticoids (cortisol)
Zona Reticularis- secretes Gonadocorticoids (sex hormones) |
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Term
| What is the effect of Mineralcorticoids (aldosterone) secreted by Zona GLomerulosa?? |
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Definition
| Stimulates Na+ reabsorption in kidneys. Aldosterone increases and Na+ in blood increases. |
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Term
| What is the effect of Glucocorticoids (cortisol) secreted by Zona Fasciculate? |
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Definition
| Increases blood glucose and suppresses inflammation and immune system |
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Term
| WHat is the effect of Gonadocorticoids (sex hormones) secreted by Zona Reticularis? |
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Definition
Androgens- onset of puberty and source of sex drive
Estrogens- closure of the epiphyseal plate |
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Term
| What hormone is secreted by the Adrenal Medulla and what is their effect? |
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Definition
| Catecholamines (Epinephrine and Norepinephrine)- increases "fight & flight" of sympathetic nervous system |
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Term
| WHat is tropic and nontropic? |
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Definition
| Tropic means that the hormone being secreted has an influence on other endocrine glands. Nontropic means that the hormone does not influence other endocrine glands. |
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Term
| What are the functions of Primary male organs or gonads? |
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Definition
Sex cells or gametes: sperm production
Endocrine glands: sex hormone production-testosterone |
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Term
| WHat are the functions of male secondary or accessory organs? |
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Definition
Glands: nourish gametes
Ducts: transport gametes |
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Term
| What are the functions of the Testes? |
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Definition
1. Seminiferous tubules: sperm factory
2. Insterstitial cells of Leydig: testosterone production |
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Term
| What is the function of the Scrotum? |
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Definition
| covering and temperature regulation of testes |
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Term
| What is the function of the Epididymis? |
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Definition
| stores sperms, nourishes sperms, and helps mature sperms (they become motile) |
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Term
| What is the function of Ductus (vas) Deferens? |
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Definition
| stores and transports sperms during ejaculation |
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Term
| WHat is the function of the Ejaculatory Duct? |
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Definition
| empties sperm into prostatic urethra |
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Term
| WHat is the function of the urethra and what type of epithelium is found there? |
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Definition
| urination and ejaculation (stratified columnar epithelium) |
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Term
| What is the function of the seminal vesicle? |
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Definition
| Secretes 60% of seminal fluid |
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Term
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Definition
Sperm + secretions of glands = semen
Seminal fluid is made from 3 exocrine glands (seminal vesicle, prostate gland, and bulbourethral gland). |
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Term
| What is the function of Prostate Gland? |
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Definition
| Secretes 33% of seminal fluid. ALso contains a prostate specific antigen that increases in prostate cancer. |
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Term
| What is the function of bulbourethral glands? |
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Definition
| Mucous secretions that neutralize acidic urine and provide lubrication |
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Term
| What is the function of the penis? |
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Definition
1.Erection: controlled by parasympathetic NS from sacral plexus
2.Ejaculation: controlled by sympathetic NS from lumbar region |
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Term
| Functions of Primary organs of Female reproductive system? |
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Definition
1.sex cells/gametes: ovum/oocyte development
2.endocrine glands: sex hormone production- Estrogen |
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Term
| WHat is the function of Secondary or Accesory organs of Femal reproductive system |
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Definition
1. Glands:nourish gametes
2. Ducts:transport gametes
3. Organs to develop & deliver baby |
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Term
| WHat is the function of ovaries? |
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Definition
1.Oocyte production in ovarian follicles of cortex
2.sex hormone (estrogen) production |
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Term
| WHat is the function of oviducts? |
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Definition
1. aids the progress of oocytes
2. muscular peristalsis
3. beating of cilia |
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Term
| What is the function of the uterus? |
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Definition
| Receive, retain, and nourish a fertilized ovum during pregnancy. Extends during pregnancy. |
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Term
| What is the function of the Vagina? |
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Definition
Copulation (Sex)
Birth canal |
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Term
| WHat is the function of the mammary glands? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which hormone is secreted by the pineal gland and controls the sleep/wake cycle? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which heart cardiac muscle hormone causes Sodium (Natrium) secretion and decreases blood volume therfore decreasing ABP? |
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Definition
| atrial natri-uretic peptide (ANP) |
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Term
| WHich anterior pituitary gland hormone causes glucocorticoid (cortisol) secretion form the adrenal gland cortex? |
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Definition
| ACTH (adreno-cortico-tropic hormone) |
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Term
| WHat is the target organ of RH of hypothalamus? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are the receptors of FSH? |
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Definition
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Term
| Wht anterior pituitary gland hormone causes inhibition of pain? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which hormones need iodine supplied by table salt? |
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Definition
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Term
| HOw do the hormones of the anterior pituitary gland travel to their target organ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the anatomical connection between the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary gland? |
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Definition
| the hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract |
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Term
| What hormones are INHIBITORY hypothalamic releasing hormones (RH)? |
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Definition
| Dopamine and Somatostatin |
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Term
| Which hormone of the anterior pituitary gland causes increased pigmentation on pregnant women by stimulating melanocytes in the skin? |
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Definition
| MSH (melanin secreting hormones) |
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Term
| WHat is the target organ of Oxytocin? |
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Definition
| smooth muscle of the myometrium of uterus and smooth muscle of ducts of mammary glands |
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Term
| What are neuro-hormones and some examples? |
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Definition
| Neuro hormones are hormones secreted by neurons into the blood. Examples: RH and Oxytocin and ADH |
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Term
| What is the anatomical connection between the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland? |
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Definition
| hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal vein |
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Term
| WHat are the SH hormornes of the anterior pituitary gland picked up by? |
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Definition
| THe 2nd capillary bed of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal vein |
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Term
| Where are the receptors of thyroid gland hormones : T3 and T4? |
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Definition
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Term
| What anterior pituitary gland hormone causes milk production in the mammary gland? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHat anterior pituitary hormone cause ovulation and sex hormone secretion from gonads? |
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Definition
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Term
| What anterior pituitary gland hormone causes sperm and ovum maturation? |
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Definition
| FSH (Follicular Stimulating Hormone) |
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Term
| What is the "bone destroyer" hormone? |
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Definition
| Parathyoroid Hormone (PTH) |
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Term
| How do the PH hormones of peripheral endocrine glands travel to their target organs? |
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Definition
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Term
| We all start as both male and female. Which ducts degenerate to decide male OR female? |
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Definition
| If the Mullerian duct degenerates, a male is created. If the Wolffian duct degenerates, a female is created. |
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Term
| ______ is homologous to ______ |
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Definition
Scrotum:Labia Majora
Epididymis : Fimbriae
Testes : Ovary
Corpora Cavernosum : Clitoris
Prepuce of Penis : Prepuce of Clitoris
Penile urethra : Labia Minora |
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Term
| WHat are some hormones that are NOT from endocrine organs? |
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Definition
Gastrin from stomach
Secretin from duodenum
Cholecystokinin (CCK) from duodenum
Erythropoietin(EPO) from kidney
Vitamin D from skin cells
Atrial natriuretic peptide from heart |
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