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Reproductive and Urinary Sysytem
Study guide for Exam 5
62
Anatomy
Not Applicable
07/09/2012

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Term
What hormones are secreted by the Thyroid Gland?
Definition
T3(tri-iodithyronine) and T4(thyroxine) are secreted by follicular cells.
Calcitonin is secreted by parafollicular cells.
Term
What i the effect of T3 and T4?
Definition
They stimulate the metabolic rate. When T3 and T4 levels rise, the rate of burning glucose increases.
Term
What is the effect of calcitonin?
Definition
Lowers blood Ca2 (calcium) level. As calcitonin increases, blood calcium level decreases.
Term
What hormones are secreted by the Pancreas in the Islets of Langerhans?
Definition
Beta cells in the islets secrete Insulin. Alfa cells in the islet secrete Glucagon.
Term
What is the effect of Insulin and Glucagon.
Definition
Insulin decrease blood glucose and Glucagon increases blood glucose.
Term
What hormone is secreted by the Parathyroid and what effect does the hormone have?
Definition
Parathyroid secretes Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) which increase blood Ca2 (calcium). This leads to an increase in bone destruction and an increase in cacium absorption in the intestines and kidneys.
Term
What hormones are secreted by the ovaries?
Definition
Estrogen and Progestins (Progesterone)
Term
What is the effect of Estrogen from the ovaries?
Definition
maturation of female reproductive system and development of female secondary sexual characteristics
Term
What is the effect of Progestins?
Definition
To prepare the uterus for pregnancy.
Term
What two hormones together create the menstrual cycle?
Definition
Estrogen and progestins
Term
What hormones are secreted by the testes and what effect do they have?
Definition
Androgens-maturation of male reproductive system and develop male secondary sexual characteristics. Increases sex drive and sperm production.
Term
What hormones are secreted by the Thymus are wht effect do they have?
Definition
THymosin - stimulation of T lymphocytes
Term
WHat hormones are secreted by the Adrenal Cortex?
Definition
Zona Glomerulosa- secretes Mineralcorticoids (aldosterone)

Zona Fasciculate- secretes Glucocorticoids (cortisol)

Zona Reticularis- secretes Gonadocorticoids (sex hormones)
Term
What is the effect of Mineralcorticoids (aldosterone) secreted by Zona GLomerulosa??
Definition
Stimulates Na+ reabsorption in kidneys. Aldosterone increases and Na+ in blood increases.
Term
What is the effect of Glucocorticoids (cortisol) secreted by Zona Fasciculate?
Definition
Increases blood glucose and suppresses inflammation and immune system
Term
WHat is the effect of Gonadocorticoids (sex hormones) secreted by Zona Reticularis?
Definition
Androgens- onset of puberty and source of sex drive
Estrogens- closure of the epiphyseal plate
Term
What hormone is secreted by the Adrenal Medulla and what is their effect?
Definition
Catecholamines (Epinephrine and Norepinephrine)- increases "fight & flight" of sympathetic nervous system
Term
WHat is tropic and nontropic?
Definition
Tropic means that the hormone being secreted has an influence on other endocrine glands. Nontropic means that the hormone does not influence other endocrine glands.
Term
What are the functions of Primary male organs or gonads?
Definition
Sex cells or gametes: sperm production
Endocrine glands: sex hormone production-testosterone
Term
WHat are the functions of male secondary or accessory organs?
Definition
Glands: nourish gametes
Ducts: transport gametes
Term
What are the functions of the Testes?
Definition
1. Seminiferous tubules: sperm factory
2. Insterstitial cells of Leydig: testosterone production
Term
What is the function of the Scrotum?
Definition
covering and temperature regulation of testes
Term
What is the function of the Epididymis?
Definition
stores sperms, nourishes sperms, and helps mature sperms (they become motile)
Term
What is the function of Ductus (vas) Deferens?
Definition
stores and transports sperms during ejaculation
Term
WHat is the function of the Ejaculatory Duct?
Definition
empties sperm into prostatic urethra
Term
WHat is the function of the urethra and what type of epithelium is found there?
Definition
urination and ejaculation (stratified columnar epithelium)
Term
What is the function of the seminal vesicle?
Definition
Secretes 60% of seminal fluid
Term
What is semen?
Definition
Sperm + secretions of glands = semen
Seminal fluid is made from 3 exocrine glands (seminal vesicle, prostate gland, and bulbourethral gland).
Term
What is the function of Prostate Gland?
Definition
Secretes 33% of seminal fluid. ALso contains a prostate specific antigen that increases in prostate cancer.
Term
What is the function of bulbourethral glands?
Definition
Mucous secretions that neutralize acidic urine and provide lubrication
Term
What is the function of the penis?
Definition
1.Erection: controlled by parasympathetic NS from sacral plexus
2.Ejaculation: controlled by sympathetic NS from lumbar region
Term
Functions of Primary organs of Female reproductive system?
Definition
1.sex cells/gametes: ovum/oocyte development
2.endocrine glands: sex hormone production- Estrogen
Term
WHat is the function of Secondary or Accesory organs of Femal reproductive system
Definition
1. Glands:nourish gametes
2. Ducts:transport gametes
3. Organs to develop & deliver baby
Term
WHat is the function of ovaries?
Definition
1.Oocyte production in ovarian follicles of cortex
2.sex hormone (estrogen) production
Term
WHat is the function of oviducts?
Definition
1. aids the progress of oocytes
2. muscular peristalsis
3. beating of cilia
Term
What is the function of the uterus?
Definition
Receive, retain, and nourish a fertilized ovum during pregnancy. Extends during pregnancy.
Term
What is the function of the Vagina?
Definition
Copulation (Sex)
Birth canal
Term
WHat is the function of the mammary glands?
Definition
produce milk for baby
Term
Which hormone is secreted by the pineal gland and controls the sleep/wake cycle?
Definition
Melatonin
Term
Which heart cardiac muscle hormone causes Sodium (Natrium) secretion and decreases blood volume therfore decreasing ABP?
Definition
atrial natri-uretic peptide (ANP)
Term
WHich anterior pituitary gland hormone causes glucocorticoid (cortisol) secretion form the adrenal gland cortex?
Definition
ACTH (adreno-cortico-tropic hormone)
Term
WHat is the target organ of RH of hypothalamus?
Definition
ANterior pituitary gland
Term
Where are the receptors of FSH?
Definition
ovaries and testes
Term
Wht anterior pituitary gland hormone causes inhibition of pain?
Definition
beta-endorphins
Term
Which hormones need iodine supplied by table salt?
Definition
T3 and T4
Term
HOw do the hormones of the anterior pituitary gland travel to their target organ?
Definition
General circulation
Term
What is the anatomical connection between the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary gland?
Definition
the hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract
Term
What hormones are INHIBITORY hypothalamic releasing hormones (RH)?
Definition
Dopamine and Somatostatin
Term
Which hormone of the anterior pituitary gland causes increased pigmentation on pregnant women by stimulating melanocytes in the skin?
Definition
MSH (melanin secreting hormones)
Term
WHat is the target organ of Oxytocin?
Definition
smooth muscle of the myometrium of uterus and smooth muscle of ducts of mammary glands
Term
What are neuro-hormones and some examples?
Definition
Neuro hormones are hormones secreted by neurons into the blood. Examples: RH and Oxytocin and ADH
Term
What is the anatomical connection between the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland?
Definition
hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal vein
Term
WHat are the SH hormornes of the anterior pituitary gland picked up by?
Definition
THe 2nd capillary bed of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal vein
Term
Where are the receptors of thyroid gland hormones : T3 and T4?
Definition
all cells
Term
What anterior pituitary gland hormone causes milk production in the mammary gland?
Definition
Prolactin
Term
WHat anterior pituitary hormone cause ovulation and sex hormone secretion from gonads?
Definition
LH (Leutinizing Hormone)
Term
What anterior pituitary gland hormone causes sperm and ovum maturation?
Definition
FSH (Follicular Stimulating Hormone)
Term
What is the "bone destroyer" hormone?
Definition
Parathyoroid Hormone (PTH)
Term
How do the PH hormones of peripheral endocrine glands travel to their target organs?
Definition
General Circulation
Term
We all start as both male and female. Which ducts degenerate to decide male OR female?
Definition
If the Mullerian duct degenerates, a male is created. If the Wolffian duct degenerates, a female is created.
Term
______ is homologous to ______
Definition
Scrotum:Labia Majora
Epididymis : Fimbriae
Testes : Ovary
Corpora Cavernosum : Clitoris
Prepuce of Penis : Prepuce of Clitoris
Penile urethra : Labia Minora
Term
WHat are some hormones that are NOT from endocrine organs?
Definition
Gastrin from stomach
Secretin from duodenum
Cholecystokinin (CCK) from duodenum
Erythropoietin(EPO) from kidney
Vitamin D from skin cells
Atrial natriuretic peptide from heart
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