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Reproductive Anatomy and Physi
Reproduction
45
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
03/09/2009

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Cards

Term
What is reproduction?
Definition
Process where new individuals of a species is produced/ genetic material passed from generation to generation
Term
Testes are located in the ___________?
Definition
scrotum
Term
Two main functions of the testes
Definition
1. produce testosterone (stim. by LH) 2.produce sperm (stim. by FSH & testosterone)
Term
Where does sperm producion occur?
Definition
within the seminiferous tubules of the testes
Term
Sperm can be produced and survive at what temperature?
Definition
3 degrees below body temperature
Term
The temperature of the scrotum is controlled by what?
Definition
cremaster muscle and testicular veins
Term
The cremaster muscle is a continuation of what muscle?
Definition
internal oblique muscle
Term
What are the three parts of the sperm?
Definition
head, midpiece, and flagellum
Term
The head of the sperm contains DNA, ___________, and __________________.
Definition
acrosome, and enzymes such as hyaluranidase that help the sperm penetrate the egg.
Term
The midpiece contains lots of ____________.
Definition
mitochondria
Term
The function of the flagellum
Definition
to propel the sperm
Term
Testes develop as what type of organ and in what body cavity?
Definition
retroperitoneal and in the abdominopelvic cavity
Term
Testes descend into the scrotum during what month of fetal development?
Definition
7th month of fetal development
Term
What occurs to result in an erection?
Definition
the arteries supplying the penis dilate - lots of blood enters the erectile tissue - causes veins of penis to be constricted - blood can't leave =erection
Term
Name the four ducts of the male reproductive system
Definition
epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra
Term
What is the epididymis?
Definition
site of final sperm maturation
Term
What is the function of the vas deferens?
Definition
to store sperm and propel them into the urethra during ejaculation
Term
What happens to sperm that is not ejaculated
Definition
they are reabsorbed
Term
What is the term for the medical procedure where the vas deferens are cut?
Definition
vasectomy
Term
The ejaculatory duct is formed by the union of what two structures and what is its function?
Definition
the seminal vesicle and the ampulla of the vas deferens / it ejects sperm into the urethra
Term
What are the three parts of the urethra and what does it carry?
Definition
prostatic urethra, membranous urethra, and spongy urethra / carries both urine and semen
Term
Name the three accessory glands of the male reproductive system
Definition
1.seminal vesicles 2.prostate gland 3.bulbourethral glands
Term
Where are the seminal vesicles located?
Definition
posterior to the bladder
Term
What do the seminal vesicles secrete and what does it contain?
Definition
secretes alkaline fluid - helps neutralize acidic environment of female / contains: 1. fructose - used to produce ATP 2. prostaglandins - cause contraction of the uterus and fallopian tubes
Term
Where is the prostate gland located?
Definition
inferior to the bladder
Term
The secretion of the prostate gland helps with what?
Definition
sperm mobility and viability
Term
Where are the bulbourethral glands located?
Definition
Near the membranous urethra
Term
What is the purpose of the bulbourethral gland secretion?
Definition
to lubricate the end of the penis and neutralize acidic urine in the urethra
Term
What is semen?
Definition
mixture of sperm and accessory gland secretions
Term
Average amount of sperm in semen
Definition
50-100 million sperm/ml.
Term
Two reasons for needing so many sperm
Definition
1. very few make it to the egg 2. need more than one to break down barrier on the egg
Term
What does the female reproductive system consist of?
Definition
ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, external genitalia, mammary glands
Term
What is the function of the ovaries?
Definition
to produce oocytes
Term
Oocytes are contained within __________ and once fully developed, it will undergo ___________.
Definition
within follicles / undergo ovulation
Term
Function of the uterine tubes
Definition
transport eggs from ovaries to uterus
Term
What are the major structures of the uterine tubes?
Definition
infundibulum, fimbriae, ampulla, and isthmus
Term
What type of muscle and epithelium line the uterine tubes?
Definition
smooth muscle and simple ciliated columnar epithelium
Term
How are oocytes carried through the uterine tubes?
Definition
by the peristaltic contractions of smooth muscle lining uterine tubes & by cilia on the epithelium
Term
What are the four major structures of the uterus?
Definition
fundus, body, cervix, and endometrium
Term
What part of the uterus is located above the entrance of the uterine tubes?
Definition
the fundus
Term
What part of the uterus the majority/central portion?
Definition
the body
Term
What part of the uterus opens into the vagina?
Definition
the cervix
Term
The vagina is the passageway for what three things?
Definition
menstrual flow, childbirth, and intercourse
Term
Is the vagina acidic or basic and why?
Definition
acidic - helps reduce growth of bacteria / is harmful to sperm
Term
Name the tissue that lines the vagina
Definition
stratified squamous epithelium
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