Term
| Renal hormones affect __ and __. |
|
Definition
| blood pressure, RBC production |
|
|
Term
| Functions of the kidneys: |
|
Definition
-fluid balance
-electrolyte balance
-acid/base balance
-toxin/drug excretion
-renal hormones |
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|
Term
| The unit in the kidney that filters, reabsorbs, and secretes is the __. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How does the condition of the kidneys affect drug dosages? |
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Definition
| Drugs are not excreted normally, so you should lower doses or extend the duration between doses. |
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Term
| What might cause acute kidney failure? |
|
Definition
-trauma like HBC (hit by car)
-sudden blockage
-toxins like antifreeze |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| urine products in the blood (BUN/CREA) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-blood urea nitrogen
-creatinin |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does uremia affect drug dosages? |
|
Definition
| Uremia increases/sensitizes the effects of some drugs like opiods, barbiturates, and tranqs, so give a lower dose to avoid overly depressing CNS. |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4 things renal drugs are used for: |
|
Definition
-produce more urine
-lower blood pressure
-remove or prevent uroliths
-treat urinary incontinence |
|
|
Term
| What kind of drug reduces blood pressure and edema? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Diuretics block sodium reabsorption. Sodium then leaves the body, and excess fluid goes too. ("where the sodium goes, water will follow") |
|
|
Term
| The most commonly prescribed diuretic in vet med is __. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Furosemide inhibits reabsorption of __ and increases excretion of __, __, and __. |
|
Definition
-inhibits reabsorption of sodium
-increases excretion of chloride, potassium, and water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lower than normal potassium levels |
|
|
Term
| What sort of diuretic is used to Tx oliguria? |
|
Definition
| the osmotic diuretic Mannitol 20% |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What diuretic is used to Tx intracranial pressure? |
|
Definition
| the osmotic diuretic Mannitol 20% |
|
|
Term
| How are osmotic diuretics administered? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| diluting or flushing out toxins from the body |
|
|
Term
| What must you do with Mannitol 20% before use? |
|
Definition
| It's stored in the fridge, so warm before use to dissolve crystals. |
|
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Term
| Urine retention and distended bladder are caused by ___ of the bladder or __ __. |
|
Definition
| hypocontractility; urethral obstruction |
|
|
Term
| Causes of urethral obstruction: |
|
Definition
-physical (uroliths, neoplasia)
-functional (urethral spasm, reflex dysynergia aka spinal injury) |
|
|
Term
| When would a urethral spasm occur? |
|
Definition
| For several days after unblocking a male cat. |
|
|
Term
| What muscles controls contraction of the urinary bladder? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Brand name for bethanechol? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Urecholine promotes micturition by... |
|
Definition
| increasing detrusor muscle tone |
|
|
Term
| Drugs that cause the detrusor muscle to contract are used to treat animals with what problem? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Drugs that cause the detrusor muscle to relax are used to treat animals with what problem? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What animals are most likely to receive Pro-Banthine? |
|
Definition
| large intact males with big prostates |
|
|
Term
| Generic for Pro-Banthine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Drugs that affect sphincter tone are used to... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Minipress used for? |
|
Definition
| It relaxes smooth muscles, so it reduces urethral sphincter tone and treats hypertension. |
|
|
Term
| Would you want to use an adrenergic agonist or antagonist to treat excessive urethral sphincter tone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Generic for Proin, Uriflex-PT? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| SE of phenylpropanolamine? |
|
Definition
| reslessness, excitability |
|
|
Term
| What drug must be titrated to effect? |
|
Definition
| phenylpropanolamine (Proin/Uriflex-PT) |
|
|
Term
| To make the detrusor muscle relax, would you use an antisympathetic or antiparasympathetic drug? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To make the detrusor muscle contract, would you use ansympathomimetic or parasympathomimetic drug? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Absence of ADH in the kidney causes ___ and results in ___. |
|
Definition
| causes diabetes insipidus (DI) and results in PU/PD |
|
|
Term
| In addition to insulin, patients with diabetes insipidus may be treated with ___. |
|
Definition
| ADH- antidiuretic hormone, to control PU/PD |
|
|
Term
| Brand name for vasopressin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is Intropin administered? |
|
Definition
| CRI - really short half life, low margin of safety |
|
|
Term
| What drug is essentially an ADH supplement? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name some urinary acidifiers. |
|
Definition
-cranberries
-Methigel, Methio-Tabs
-Uroeze |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are Methigel and Methio-Tabs? |
|
Definition
-an amino acid
-DL-methionine |
|
|
Term
| Can you give cranberries or Methio-Tabs to a dog on C/D? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What sort of drug is used to prevent urate stones? |
|
Definition
| xanthine oxidase inhibitors |
|
|
Term
| Brand name for allopurinol? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Zyloprim works to prevent urate crystals and stones by... |
|
Definition
| decreasing production of uric acid |
|
|
Term
| What sort of urine and diet is needed to prevent urate stones? |
|
Definition
| alkaline urine, low protein diet |
|
|
Term
| What diet might you use for a patient with urate stones? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of dog is prone to urate stones? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What hormone is produced by the kidneys? What does it do? |
|
Definition
| erythropoietin- part of RBC production |
|
|
Term
| What happens if the kidneys don't produce any/enough erythropoietin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What hormones may treat incontinence but are rarely used in vet med? |
|
Definition
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