Term
| Economic Causes of the Italian Renaissance |
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Definition
A. Crusades motivate East to West Trade; Italy enjoyed being in the crossroads
B. Advance in ships
- Could travel year round
- carried larger loads
-faster
C. Florence and English wool trade
-buy in England-> sell in Africa |
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Term
| Where did the arts first start developing? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why did the Renaissance start in Florence? |
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Definition
1. Boost from wool trade
2. Control of Papal (relating to the Catholic church) banking
a. tax collectors for the pope
b. profits from loans, investments, and money exchanges
3. Medici Family
4. Florence's economy was strong enough to withstand crises
a. Edward III of England scratches his huge debt to Florence
b. Labor Revolts
c. Black death
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Term
| What was the first phase of the Italian City-State Government during the Renaissance? |
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Definition
| Communes gained power with the leaders of them being merchants. |
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Term
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Definition
| associations fo free men seeking political and economic independence from local nobles. |
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Term
| What was the second phase of the Italian city-state government during the Renaissance? |
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Definition
Urban Merchants married rural nobles
Citizenship in the commune now meant…
a. Property qualification
b. Years of residence in the city
c. Social connections |
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Term
| What was the third phase for the Italian city-state government during the Renaissance? |
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Definition
| The people revolt violently and set up repubilcs in various cities. The control of the Popolo was only temporary though because they excluded classes below them, and could not maintain order. |
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Term
What was the fourth phase of the Italian city-states government during the Renaissance?
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Definition
| Despots and Oligarchy take control and often held a repubilcan constitution. Courts were also held by wealthy despots or oligarchs |
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Term
Who were the big five city states of the Italian Renaissance?
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Definition
1. Venice- trade center
2. Milan- Despotism (ruled by and autocrat- one person)
3. Florence- Medici family controlled it
4. Papal States- Roman families controlled during the Babylonian captivity (Pope later asserts his power)
5. Naples- old fashioned |
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Term
What was purposely maintained between the Italian city-states during the Renaissance?
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Definition
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Term
| Who was Girolamo Savonarola? |
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Definition
| A friar who attacked immorality, the Medici rule, and the pope's corruption. At first he was popular, but then became detested and executed. |
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Term
| How did Petrarch view the medevial times? |
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Definition
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Term
What were the three new ways of thinking during the Renaissance?
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Definition
| Individualism, Humanism, and Secularism |
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Term
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Definition
| It stressed the person, uniqueness, genuis, and full development of one's potential unlike in the middle ages where this kind of thinking was sinful. |
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Term
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Definition
the interest and study of antiquity and the Greco-Roman classics.
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Term
| What was established during the Renaissance to hold ancient Greco-Roman manuscripts? |
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Definition
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Term
| In what way did Renaissance people view Greco-Roman classics differently than people from the Medieval period? |
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Definition
| Medieval- read Pagan/Latin classics without criticism with the purpose of revealing God, while people of the Renaissance with a critical eye, but with Christian beliefs that humans were all made special by God. |
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Term
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Definition
| Concern for the material world and not just heaven or hell. |
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Term
| What were some examples of Secularism during the Renaissance? |
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Definition
1. Usury- (accept interest on loan) not viewed as okay.
2. Busy business- left little time for prayer
3. Subject matter- was first largely focused on churchly matter, but later became more secular
4. Life was viewed as time to be enjoyed rather a punishment until death.
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Term
How did art become more popular during the Renaissance?
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Definition
| It was a way that people could show how wealthy they were by sponsoring artists. |
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Term
How did nobles contribute to the exploitaiton of art during the renaissance?
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Definition
| They didn't have to pay for war materials and could now spend money on making their palaces more lavish. |
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Term
| Artwork subject matter, before the Renaissance, consisted of church related material, but during the Renaissance it became more ____________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Renaissance artwork included more _____. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| architect that designed the roof for the cathedral at Florence. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| "father of modern painting" |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Renaissance was a _____ class movement. |
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Definition
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Term
| Key differences of Renaissance artwork compared to Medieval |
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Definition
| symmetry, balance, restraint ; Realism |
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Term
| How did Education change during the Renaissance period? |
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Definition
1. Focus on morality
2. Castiglone's The Courtier
3. The Education of women
4. Machievelli's The Prince |
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Term
| What did Castiglione's The Courtier teach? |
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Definition
| How to be a Renaissance man: must be good at everything. |
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Term
| How did the education of women change during the Renaissance? |
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Definition
1. Young women, who could afford it, were educated in arts and literature although the pressure of staying home was always present
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Term
| What did Machiavelli's The Prince teach? |
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Definition
1. A ruler's only purpose and to obtain power and maintain it at any costs
2. Unlike in the medieval times, rulers during the Renaissance were not bound by morality |
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Term
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Definition
| A woman during the Renaissance who could choose between scholarship or family and at first she chose family, but then when widowed she turned to scholarship and blamed all women for being "decorations". |
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Term
Who invented moveable type with the printing press during the Renaissance?
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Definition
| Johann Gutenberg, who also produced the Bible two years later |
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Term
| What were the outcomes of the printing press? |
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Definition
1. Bible
2. Government Propaganda
3. 1st mass media
4. books on all subjects |
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Term
What kind of jobs did women part take in during the Renaissance?
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Definition
A) first priority was being a mom and wife
B) second was "women's work"- sewing sails, weaving, midwifery, maids, cooks, laundresses, household work
Upper class women:
ran the house, grace and charm everyone, outside contacts were charities. |
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Term
Why was slavery popular during the renaissance?
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Definition
1) cheap labor
2) to make money as a commodity |
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Term
| who were the first slaves during the renaissance? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why were black slaves used? |
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Definition
| It made people seem rich, they'd dance and perform music as entertainment. |
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Term
| What was the difference between the northern renaissance and the italian? |
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Definition
1) students take what they learned from the renaissance in Italy to the north
2) It was for social reform based on Christianity. It wasn't as focused on secularism. |
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Term
| What did Thomas More's Utopia teach? |
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Definition
1) It described a perfect place, and no place
2) Kids were educated in the classics, adults work then study
3) Everything was held in common; Thomas More felt that the root of all evil was the love of money and greed, so if there's no private wealth, then no problems. |
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Term
| What books did Disiderius Erasmus write? |
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Definition
1. The Education of a Christian Prince: how to be a good ruler with a good character; contrasts to Machiavelli's The Prince
2. The Praise of Folly: force of worldy wisdom and call for simple faith like children
3. He translated the New Testament
He said that Christianity focuses on Christ and not on theolgians' writings |
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Term
| What was Francois Rabelais' book Gargantua about? |
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Definition
1) Was a wildly comic tale, a satire on society, and a call for reform.
2) It held discussions of religion, politics, philosphy, and education. |
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Term
| What new media was introduced to the art world during the renaissance? |
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Definition
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Term
| What new political changes occured in France during the Renaissance? |
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Definition
1. They brought together regions
2. They raised taxes
3. "French church" established via Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges ( saying a council was over papacy) which was later rescined by the pope- France was still allowed to appoint clerics
4. They strengthened the army
5. They cut down aristocrats |
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Term
| What new political changes occured in England during the renaissance? |
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Definition
1. There were troubles in the War of the Roses until Machiavellian rulers fight for power in House of Tudor.
2. There was no need for Parliament (money) due to the King's diplomatic maneuvering.
3. A "royal council" (of middle class) was set up as yes-men in Parliament
4. "Court of Star Chamber" was established in the Parliament to spy on and rid of any one who opposed the king.
5. Justices of peace were the king's arms in the land. |
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Term
| What political changes occrued in Spain during the Renaissance? |
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Definition
1. Independent kingdoms were unified one by one in the reconquista.
2. Hermandades were authorized by Ferdinand & Isabella as local police.
3. The purpose here was to cut down aristocrats.
4. The aristocrats were ousted from royal councils and replaced by the middle classs
5. Inquisition- Jews were resented, "New Christians" were Jews who were converted, and they were questioned. Later only "true spaniards" were considered Catholic. |
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