Term
| Where did the Renaissance originate? |
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Definition
| In Northern Italy-Florence |
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Term
| Who was Leonardo da Vinci? What important works did he create? |
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Definition
| He was a Renaissance Man- he painted, sculpted, was a scientist, writer, and inventor. He painted the Mona Lisa and The Last Summer, among other things |
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Term
| Who was Michelangelo? What important contributions did he make to the world? |
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Definition
| Michelangelo was a very talented artist and sculptor, who painted The Creation of Adam, frescoes on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, and sculpted David out of marble. |
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Term
| Who was Erasmus? What important work did he create? |
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Definition
| Erasmus was a Christian Humanist who wrote The Praise of Folly. It criticized the church and was written from the perspective of folly, praising itself for all of the wonderful things it did not have to worry about. |
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Term
| What is the Northern Renaissance? |
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Definition
| The Northern Renaissance was an extension of the Italian Renaissance, spread by trade, the availability of printed books, and a rise in literacy. The Northern Renaissance gave way to the Reformation, which essentially was a reevaluation of Christian doctrine. |
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Term
| How were the ideas of the Italian Renaissance spread? |
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Definition
| Through the production and sale of books through trade- facilitation of ideas |
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Term
| How did the Crusades affect the economies of Central and Western Europe? |
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Definition
| Cloth and spices brought back by crusaders led to a greater interest in trade; helped get rid of feudalism |
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Term
| Name the three important Italian city-states. |
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Definition
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Term
| How was Renaissance different from Medieval art? |
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Definition
| Renaissance art is three-dimensional, vivid, focuses on the individual and daily life themes, and uses oil paints and fresco techniques. Medieval art was two-dimensional, flat, focused on the church or government, and was often a mosaic or a flat painting. |
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Term
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Definition
| Humanism is the study of humanities, which includes history, poetry, rhetoric, and grammar. Humanists had an admiration for the classics, believed everyone has dignity and worth, and that people should be well-rounded. |
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Term
| What role did guilds play in medieval life? |
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Definition
| Set wage prices, standards for business, regulated training |
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Term
| Why was the invention of the moveable type press so important? |
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Definition
| Books were more available and less expensive. Also, ideas could be spread much easier and with less error. |
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Term
| What are some of the causes of the Renaissance? |
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Definition
| A rise in classical ideas and practices, a rise in trade and the availability of goods and information. Also, people were in the right place at the right time—loads of talent! |
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Term
| What is important about Sir Thomas More? |
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Definition
| Northern Renaissance writer- wrote Utopia, which pointed out the flaws of society. In his book, he created a perfect world where everyone and everything was equal. |
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Term
| According to Niccolo Machiavelli, leaders should work to develop _?_ |
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Definition
| power and ruthlessness in governing |
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Term
| How were the ideas of humanism spread? |
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Definition
| Mainly through the printing press |
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Term
| With the rise of trade, travel and literacy, the ideas of the Renaissance spread from _?_ to _?_ |
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Definition
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Term
| For most people, life in the Middle Ages centered on _?_ |
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Definition
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Term
| Where did the Angles & the Saxons settle and eventually establish a strong nation-state |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the importance of the Magna Carta? |
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Definition
| It said that the king had to get consent before raising new taxes. It also introduced the concept of equal rule under law, which meant that everyone, including the king, is subject to the law and its consequences |
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Term
| Who was responsible for building Spain’s western empire in the New World? |
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Definition
| Phillip II and Charles IV |
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Term
| What groups were responsible for strengthening the feudal system? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is the Age of Charlemagne important? |
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Definition
| Roman culture was revived, the power of the church was established in political life, the Franks emerged as a uniting force |
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Term
| Which group developed the loom and used advanced weaving skills to produce cloth? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were some of the accomplishments during the Paleolithic Era? |
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Definition
| First tools and weapons, fire, oral language |
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Term
| What were some of the accomplishments during the Neolithic Era? |
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Definition
| Domestication of animals, pottery, weaving, agriculture |
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Term
Types of writing:
Sumer:
Egyptians:
India:
China
Early Greeks: |
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Definition
-cuneiform
-hieroglyphics
- Sanskrit
- pictographic script
- Greek alphabet |
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Term
| Describe the Persian empire |
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Definition
| A very tolerant and organized empire with an imperial bureaucracy. Had an established legal system with a vast military. |
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Term
| What is the caste system? |
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Definition
| Society is broken up into different social classes; ranked people based on their heredity, not their ability |
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Term
| Which Asia Minor kingdom adopted a money economy during the 600’s BCE? (They had lots of gold) |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the Golden Age of Athens? Who was the ruler at that time? |
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Definition
| From 461-420 BC, under the rule of Pericles, the greatest achievements of art and science were produced |
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Term
| Why/when did Moscow become the center of the orthodox church? |
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Definition
| When Constantinople fell to the Turks in 1453, the church needed a center of activity: Moscow |
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Term
What is important about these buildings & where are they located?
Hagia Sofia-
Dome of the Rock-
Kaaba-
Parthenon-
Pantheon- |
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Definition
-Was a temple for the Byzantines, is now a mosque; located in modern-day Istanbul
-temple in Jerusalem
-holy shrine for Islam; Mecca
-greek temple; Athens
-temple for Roman gods; Rome |
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Term
| What does the early nation-state of Russia and Spain have in common? |
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Definition
| They each had invaders and foreign people groups in their lands that they had to expel in order to set up their formal country |
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Term
| What are the basic tenets of the Islamic faith? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was Pericles of Athens? Why is he important? |
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Definition
| He was a Greek ruler who established a kingdom from Greece to India |
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Term
| Why is the Battle of Thermopylae important? |
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Definition
| The Spartans fought valiantly against the Persians, which bought time for the other city-states of Greece to prepare for the large Persian force |
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Term
| What were the results of the Peloponnesian War? What caused the war? |
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Definition
| The Macedonians took control over the weakened city-states of Greece. This was a conflict between Athens and Sparta. |
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Term
| What caused the Persian War? What were the results? |
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Definition
| The Greek colonies in Asia Minor rebelled against Persian rule, ended in a peace treaty- Peace of Callais |
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Term
| What was the extent of Alexander the Great’s Empire? |
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Definition
| It extended from the Indus River to the Balkan Peninsula |
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Term
| What is one of the most common features of an economy in ancient civilizations? |
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Definition
| They used slaves for their labor |
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Term
| When Emperor Constantine relocated the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire he renamed it _?_ The original name was _?_ |
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Definition
| Constantinople; Byzantium |
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Term
| Name some of the important elements of Roman culture that are still an influence on the world today. |
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Definition
| Architectural forms, romance languages, the concept of a republican form of government |
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Term
| What helped Christianity spread and win more converts? |
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Definition
| The Edict of Milan, Jesus’ disciples and apostles, the stability of the church, Roman roads |
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