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Reflexes
CH 10 text (page 121)
32
Anatomy
Undergraduate 4
10/08/2017

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Term
reflex
Definition
response to stimulus that occurs automatically
Term
simple (basic) reflex
Definition
built-in unlearned response (withdraw hand from hot stove)
Term
acquired (conditioned) reflexes
Definition
result of practice and learning
Term
reflex arc has how many components
Definition
5
Term
what are the 5 components of a reflex arc
Definition
sensory receptor [detects stimulus]

sensory (afferent) pathway [sensory input travels from the receptor to integration center, sensory pathway almost always a nerve]

integration center [receive and integrate sensory input and initiate motor output]

motor (efferent) pathway [motor output travels to effector, motor pathway is either a nerve or a hormone]

effector (a muscle or gland) [produces a response]
Term
what does the integration center do
Definition
receives and integrates sensory input and initiates motor output
Term
what is a motor pathway
Definition
motor (efferent) pathway is either a nerve or a horomone
Term
reflexes are classified as _______ or _______ depending on the effector involved
Definition
visceral or somatic
Term
what are the effectors of a visceral reflex?
Definition
smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands
Term
visceral reflexes are important in the control of many ___________ processes in the body
Definition
involuntary
Term
what are the effectors of somatic reflexes?
Definition
skeletal muscles
Term
according to the location of the integration center, reflexes will be classified as ________ or ________ spinal
Definition
cranial or spinal
Term
a stretch reflex lengthens a skeletal muscle which results in the __________ of a muscle
Definition
contraction
Term
________ are the receptors of stretch reflexes
Definition
muscle spindles
Term
_____________ extends the lower leg
Definition
quadricep femoris
Term
reflexes play a major role in _____________ and can be demonstrated in every system of the body
Definition
homeostasis
Term
most of the reflexes that control variables of extracellular fluid (temp, glucose, ph) are ___________________
Definition
negative feedback loops
Term
an absent or abnormal patellar reflex could mean damage where
Definition
spinal cord

(lumbar 2, 3 or 4)
Term
when the patellar ligament is tapped, the quadriceps femurs muscle is __________ stretched
Definition
passively
Term
Change in muscle length stimulates ______________
Definition
muscle spindles
Term
muscle spindle stimulation activates the _________ reflex that brings about __________ of the muscle, causing extension of the leg
Definition
stretch

extension
Term
a latent period is the time between ____________________.
Definition
application of the stimulus and the beginning of the response
Term
amplitude of response for the patellar ligament reflex is measured how?
Definition
distance leg traveled in degree of rotation
Term
when light is shined in the eye what happens to the pupil?
Definition
gets smaller
Term
what do muscle spindles do?
Definition
stretch receptors
Term
what happens when muscle spindles are stretched?
Definition
they create an action potential
Term
action potential frequency ___________s during stretch and __________ during contraction.
Definition
increases during stretch

decreases during contraction
Term
The pupil is simply an ____________
Definition
opening
Term
what is the pupil surrounded by
Definition
the iris
Term
what makes a pupil get smaller
Definition
constricts as a result of muscles in the iris constricting
Term
Descending inhibition
Definition
continuous inhibiting signals sent from the brain to motor neuron in spinal cord to dampen reflex response
Term
when clapped hands pulling on other muscles, the normal patellar reflex is __________ because descending inhibition is ____________.
Definition
faster reflex because descending inhibition decreased
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