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Reflex Physiology
Reflexes- Anatomy Lab
32
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
02/09/2013

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Term
Reflex Arc
Definition
Mediated by neural paths (connections of neurons) to yield rapid involuntary muscle response to stimuli.
Term
Autonomic reflex
Definition
mediated through the autonomic nervous system (smooth muscles in digestion, glands in sweating)
Term
Somatic reflex
Definition
involves sensory stimulation that causes skeletal muscles to react (withdrawal reflex from pain)
Term
Receptor
Definition
site of stimulus
Term
Sensory neuron
Definition
transmits afferent impulse to central nervous system
Term
integration center
Definition
one ore more synapses in the CNS
Term
motor neuron
Definition
conducts efferent impulse to effector
Term
effector
Definition
muscle/glands respond to impulses.
Term
spinal reflexes
Definition
initiated and completed at spinal cord level without involvement of higher brain centers. These are somatic reflexes.
Term
knee-jerk reflex
Definition
utilizes a 2 neuron (sensory and motor neurons)- "monosynaptic" reflex arc.
Term
flexor reflex
Definition
utilizes sensory and motor neurons connected by interneurons- "polysynaptic" reflex arc.
Term
stretch reflex
Definition
type of spinal reflex. maintains posture/balance and locomotion; tendon stretch causes agonist muscle contraction and antagonistic relaxation. ex: patellar (knee jerk) reflex
Term
crossed extensor reflex
Definition
flexion of one limb followed by extension of the opposite limb
Term
superficial cord reflex
Definition
result from pain and temperature changes. ex: plantar reflex - Babinski's sign (abnormal response is flared toes)
Term
corneal reflex
Definition
a function of cranial nerve V (trigeminal) touching of the cornea causes blinking to occur
Term
gag reflex
Definition
a function of cranial nerves IX (glossopharyngeal) and X (vagus). Touching of the uvula causes gag reflex.
Term
pupillary reflexes
Definition
reflex caused by light stimulation of cranial nerve II (optic) causing iris constriction by cranial nerve III (oculomotor)
Term
pupillary light reflex
Definition
pupil constricts due to light stimulus
Term
consensual reflex
Definition
light stimulation of one eye causes pupil constriction in contralateral (opposite side) eye
Term
Ciliospinal reflex
Definition
stimulation of back of neck causes ipsilateral (same side) pupil dilation.
Term
salivary reflex
Definition
food odor detection causes salivation
Term
exteroceptors
Definition
react to external stimuli
Term
interoceptor/visceroceptor
Definition
react to internal stimuli
Term
proprioceptor
Definition
detects body/limb position
Term
free/naked nerve endings (2)
Definition
tactile (merkel disc) detects light touch
hair follicle receptor detects light touch
Term
Encapsulated nerve endings
Definition
tactile (meissner's) corpuscle detects light touch
Ruffini's corpuscle: detects deep pressure/stretch
lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscle detects deep pressure/high frequency vibrations
Term
four qualities of cutaneous sensations
Definition
touch, heat, cold, and pain. they are non-uniformly distributed throughout the body (hands have more touch receptors than harm, etc). Distribution based on the importance of the area and the need for those receptors.
Term
two-point threshold
Definition
smallest distance 2 points of contact can be perceived (use a vernier caliper for this activity)
Term
tactile localization
Definition
determining which point on skin has been stimulated
Term
adaptation
Definition
sensory receptor discharge from stimulus shows causing the perception of stimulus to decrease
Term
referred pain
Definition
perception of pain from one area of body when another area is actually receiving the noxious stimulus.
Term
how to use/read a vernier caliper
Definition
using the rounded tab, push the outer slide to the right. Then the distance between the prongs of the caliper is shown on top, where the outer zero mark lines up with the marks on the bottom of the inner ruler. The outer zero mark lines up with the upper marks, indicating the distance. you can adjust the distance between the prongs to a set distance as long as the outer zero mark is lined up with the inner ruler mark.
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