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Definition
| The time period after the American Civil War running from 1865 to about 1877 in which the U.S. was trying to rebuilt itself physically (roads, railroads, farms and factories) and mentally (establish trust between North South and Freedmen) |
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| Problems faced by U.S. after the Civil War |
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Definition
1) Southern states needed to be readmitted to the Union
2) Economy and society in the South needed to be rebuilt
3) Trust needed to be reestablished between North and South
4) Freedmen (former slaves) were going to need homes, food, clothing, and jobs
5) Country needed to recover from the assassination of Abraham Lincoln |
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| Lincoln's Ten Percent Plan |
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Definition
| Wanted to bring the SOuth back into the Union to end the Civil War. Asked that 10% of Southerners take an oath of loyalty. |
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| Republican's Wade-Davis Bill |
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| Sought to punish the South by continuing the war. Asked a majority (51%) of South to take an oath of loyalty before being let back in. Countered the Lincoln Plan. |
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| Amnesty granted to almost all who take loyalty oath and states have to ratify the 13th Amendment |
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| label for the former slaves in the South freed by the 13th Amendment |
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| Federal government organization created to help the former slaves after being freed. Provided food, clothing, and medical and legal services. |
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| Freedmen's Bureau Schools |
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| led by young, white females from the North, these schools taught basic literacy to former slaves and poor whites in the South during reconstruction. Hated by Southern Democrats and the KKK. |
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| Schools of higher learning created to help blacks get training to become professional - doctors, lawyers, educators. Howard and Fisk are examples. |
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| fights, often in cities, as blacks move in and challenge poor whites and immigrants for jobs |
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| Northern white politicians who sought to increase the rights of blacks in the South. Took over the government upsetting checks and balances. |
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| Southern laws to restrict the rights of blacks in the South. Examples are a ban on guns, purchasing land, and laws that blacks had to have a job or go to forced labor camps. |
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| Republican who becomes President when Lincoln is assassinated. Hated by the Radical Republicans for vetoing Reconstruction Acts designed to help blacks. He survives impeachment by one vote in Senate but has no power as President - checks and balances fail. |
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| "Blacks and whites have equal rights." Guarantees citizenship for all born in the U.S. (with the notable exception of Native Americans) |
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| To accuse a federal official of a crime. The House of Representatives must vote to impeach and then Senate holds a trial (court case) with the Chief Justice of Supreme Court in charge to ensure fairness. Andrew Johnson was impeached but NOT convicted. |
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Definition
| Gave black males the right to vote in 1870. Please note that women will not get this right until 1920. |
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| First black Senator elected to Senate in the Reconstruction Era. |
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| Southerners who supported the Republican plan for reconstruction. These people were viewed as traitors in the South by Democrats and the KKK. |
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| Northerners who went to the South to help the reconstruction efforts. Hated i the South as people viewed them as trying to profit on the war and the destruction of the South. |
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| Racist group opposed to Radical Reconstruction and equality of freedmen in the South. Meeting were held in secret and this group was extremely powerful in many towns. |
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| system of farming in the South were poor farmers rented land from landowners and provided crops as rent. Often, the landowners took advantage of the renters and treated them unfairly, leading to a cycle of poverty. |
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| Passed in 1872, this law allowed those who fought for the Confederacy to vote again. Leads to election of racist Democrats in the South |
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| Southerners put limits on voting in the South to stop blacks from casting ballots and controlling the governments. |
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| Charged voters to cast a ballot. Poor whites and most blacks couldn't afford to vote, stopping blacks from influencing elections. |
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| Southern law in many towns that you had to read and explain a section of the state constitution in order to vote. Since many blacks weren't able to do this, it stopped blacks from voting. |
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| Because poll taxes and literacy tests stopped many poor white Democrats from voting, this law was passed saying that if you grandfather could vote, so could you. |
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| laws in the South that created segregation of blacks and whites |
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Definition
| Separation of the races. By the 1890s, segregation was the way of the South. It was upheld in Supreme Court by the Plessy vs. Ferguson case (1894) |
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Term
| Plessy vs. Ferguson (1894) |
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Definition
| Supreme Court case in which a black man challenged segregation on railroad cars. Homer Plessy lost the case, meaning that segregation was legal as long as there were "separate but equal" facilities for blacks and whites. |
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Term
| Reconstruction's Successes |
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Definition
1) Southern economy rebuilt and diversified (no longer just cotton)
2) education put in place for whites and blacks
3) Blacks received temporary rights in government and society |
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Term
| Reconstruction's Failures |
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Definition
1) Blacks lost rights by the end
2) Sharecropping replaces slavery (not much better)
3) Governments in South led by racist leaders and supported by courts
4) No immediate future for blacks |
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