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| Primarily North Easterners who believed in abolitionism, equal rights, and did not agree with Pres. Johnson. Embraced expanding gov't. |
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| U.S. Federal Gov't agency that provided basic welfare for freed slaves. |
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| Replaced Lincoln after he was assassinated, views in line with Southern ideals. |
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| 1866. Guaranteed citizenship rights for freed slaves, due process, equal protection. Also prohibits Confederates from holding public office. |
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| 1870. Right to vote for African American men. |
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| Republican Rutherford B. Hayes became president, and he, in turn, recognized Democratic control of the remaining Southern states and promised to end federal intervention in the South. |
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| People in the south who were sympathetic to republicans |
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| Republicans who moved south |
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| Landowner allows tenant to use land in return for share of crop. |
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| Merchants allow farmers to get food and supplies on credit, and then the farmers would turn over some of the crop to pay back. |
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| Monopoly over every aspect of production. Mine → Market. |
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| Monopoly over one step in production, eliminate competition at that step. |
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| Author, wrote rags-riches stories for working class men about climbing to social success. |
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| People who get ahead have desirable traits that allow for such and people who are stuck in poverty lack such skills. |
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| Workers union that admitted anyone who wanted to join, including women, children, and immigrants. |
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| American Federation of Labor |
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| Selective worker's union that focused on skilled/semi-skilled workers. |
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| Great Railroad Strike of 1877 |
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| Railroad companies cut workers' wages, workers strike and vandalized railroads for attention. Demonstrations nearly dissolve into riots in Baltimore. |
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| Farm equipment workers lobby for 8 hr days. A bomb is thrown during a protest and a riot ensues in Chicago. |
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| A landmark U.S. Supreme Court case upholding the constitutionality of state laws requiring requiring racial segregation in private businesses, under the doctrine of “separate but equal” |
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| Women’s Christian Temperance Union |
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| A union of women who fought for the prohibition of alcohol based on their belief that it made men abusive and reckless. |
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| The Chinese Exclusion Act |
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| An 1882 ban on Chinese Immigration |
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| The 1898 U.S. v Wong Kim Ark, Supreme Court Case was a landmark case that set a legal precedent that ruled that any child born in the U.S. is a citizen. |
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| Immigration Restriction League |
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| Founded in 1894 by Harvard alumnae, this league sought to put a better face on nativism and to make rational, logical arguments regarding immigration. They sought to enforce a literacy test for immigrants. |
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| A political movement that was characterized by a diverse base (women, blacks, shareholders, working class...), was anti-intellectual, anti-eastern, anti-semitic, and sought more gov't intervention. |
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| Advocate for farming reform and market co-ops, she wanted to make people aware of the problems facing farming. |
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| Candidate for the new Populist party. Nominated in 1892. |
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| Politician who denounced the gold standard publicly and felt that it was at the expense of the average worker. |
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| Newspaper publisher who introduced techniques of “new journalism”, denounced big business and corruption, and introduced “yellow journalism”(promoting of scandalous stories to sell papers). |
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| Newspaper publisher whose circulation war with Pulitzer led to the creation of “yellow journalism”. |
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| In 1898 the U.S.S. Maine explodes. The press blames Spain and due to this, the American public expresses desire to get involved with Spain. |
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| A settlement house founded by Jane Addams in Chicago, in 1889, to improve the lives of the immigrant poor. |
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| An activist who denounced conceptions about a “woman's place”, and devoted herself to social activism, founding the Hull House in 1889. |
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| Progressive era journalists who uncovered injustices in corporations during the Gilded Age. |
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| Journalist known as one of the leading “muckrakers”of the Progressive era. |
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| is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal |
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| Socialist presidential candidate and founding member of the Industrial Workers of the World. |
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| International Workers of the World |
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| Union to promote worker solidarity in the revolutionary struggle to overthrow the employing class. |
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| biosocial movement which advocates the use of practices aimed at improving the genetic composition of a population. |
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| The Square Deal was President Teddy Roosevelt's domestic program formed upon three basic ideas: conservation of natural resources, control of corporations, and consumer protection. |
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| During World War 1 as Germany waged submarine warfare against Britain, the ship was identified and torpedoed by a German U-boat on May 1915 and sank. The sinking of the Lusitania led to the American entry into WWI. |
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| A 1917 diplomatic proposal from Germany to Mexico to make war against the United States. The proposal was declined by Mexico, due to a Civil War in the country, but angered Americans and led in part to a U.S. declaration of war in April. |
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| A speech delivered to Congress by President Wilson in 1918. The address was intended to assure the country that WWI was being fought for a moral cause and for postwar peace in Europe. Included: mercy and clemency towards vanquished nation, free and open trade markets in Europe, the breaking up of large European empires, and the creation of the League of Nations. |
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| Versailles Peace Conference |
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| 1919 Meeting of the Allied powers during which the Treaty of Versailles was signed. It ended the war between Germany and the Allies. |
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| United States gov't agency that coordinated industries for the purchase of war supplies. It encouraged mass-production, set quotas, and allocated raw materials. |
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| Federal agency created in 1918 by Pres. Wilson to arbitrate disputes between unions and employers to ensure maximum output during the war. Some compromises included: 8hr work day, enabling unions, and providing equal pay for women. |
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| The migration of African Americans from rural to urban areas between 1910 and 1930. They migrated to seek employment and to escape the racism in the South. |
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| Progressive African American civil rights activist who spoke out for racial equality, formed the NAACP. Wrote the “Talented Tenth”about educated Blacks paving the way in their culture. |
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| Jamaican immigrant activist who launched the Universal Negro Improvement Association, a movement for African independence and self-reliance. He led with the belief that black should enjoy the same internationally recognized identity post-war as other people. |
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| Federal law passed in 1917 that prohibited any attempt to interfere with military operations, to support U.S. enemies during wartime, to promote insubordination in the military, or to inferere with military recruitment. |
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| Act in 1918 that forbade any "disloyal, profane, or abusive" language directed towards the U.S. government, the flag, or the armed forces. |
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| Attempts by the United States Department of Justice to arrest and deport radical leftists, especially anarchists, from the United States, in 1919-1920. Occurred in the context of the Red Scare. |
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| Policies of large companies that have developed internal welfare systems for their employees to dissuade unions, encourage worker loyalty, producation, and dedication. Gained prominence in the early 1900s but were largely inconsistent, anti-union, and wages were not raised proportionally to corporate profit. |
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| Advertising executive and author who wrote many guides to personal success. His most famous book “The Man Nobody Knows” depicted Jesus as a salesman, and modern businessman. |
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| Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters |
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| Union led by African Americans, founded in 1935. One of the only minority run unions to gain influence and to become part of the American Federation of Labor. |
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| Famous actor during the 1920s silent film era who was one of the first screen era icons. He died at age 31 and his death caused mass hysteria amongst his female fans. |
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| Cultural movement of the 1920s and 1930s centered in the African American Harlem neighborhood of New York during which black writers, poets, and artists self-consciously created African American culture. |
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| American columnist and satirist for the Balitmore Sun |
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| Refers to the generation that came of age during WWI. Includes Hemingway, Stein, and Fitzgerald. |
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| Period between 1920-1932 during which the consumption, sale, and transportation of alcohol was banned in the U.S. It led to a rise in organized crime, illegal manufacturing of alcohol, and corruption. |
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| American gangster from Chicago, who led a crime syndicate during the Prohibition era. This group was dedicated to the smuggling and bootlegging of liquor, and other illegal activities, such as prostitution. |
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| Legal case in 1925 in which John Scopes, a high school biology teacher, was accused of violating a Tennessee state law that prohibited the teaching of evolution. |
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| White supremacist hate group responsible for violent acts against blacks. They were notoriously anti-catholic, anti-immigration, and anti-communist. |
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| strict adherence to specific set of theological doctrines typically in reaction against the theology of Modernism. The movement's purpose was to reaffirm key theological tenets and zealously defend them against the challenges of liberal theology and higher criticism. Prominent in the early 1920s. |
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| argued that cultural diversity and national pride were compatible with each other, and that ethnic diversity and a respect for ethnic and racial differences strengthened America. Kallen is credited with coining the term cultural pluralism. |
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| Term used when smaller groups within a larger society maintain their unique cultural identities, and their values and practices are accepted by the wider culture. |
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| Father of American anthropology who developed the concept of cultural relativism. |
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| Principle that an individual human's beliefs and activities should be understood by others in terms of that individual's own culture. |
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| Italian immigrant anarchists who were convicted of murder, and after a controversial trial, they were executed. |
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