Term
True or False
Proper application of restraint methods can affect accuracy of diagnostics |
|
Definition
true
stress will affect blood pressure, heart rate, glucose levels etc |
|
|
Term
| Where can IM injections be given (small animals) |
|
Definition
epaxial (lumbodorsal muscles)
quadriceps
semimembranosus or tendinosus
triceps muscle |
|
|
Term
| Where can subQ injections be given (small animals) |
|
Definition
skin tent over dorsal region of neck/back
(except cats - vaccinate subQ in distal limb) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ dinner/platter/formula |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False
Hooves are considered a byproduct when it comes to nutrition labels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a nutritional adequacy statement? |
|
Definition
Nutritionally complete & balanced
For intermittent/supplemental feeding only
Feed under supervision/direction of a vet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| species the food is intended for |
|
|
Term
| What is quantity statement |
|
Definition
| net weight of the contents |
|
|
Term
| Give examples of nutrition claims |
|
Definition
holistic
human grade
natural |
|
|
Term
| What is a nutritional adequacy statement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The main carbohydrate component in grains is... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dry matter content of hay |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common grains fed to cows |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What factors affect grain digestion |
|
Definition
processing
moisture content |
|
|
Term
| Moisture content of baleage & haylage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between baleage & haylage |
|
Definition
baylage = baled
haylage = chopped but not baled |
|
|
Term
| Moisture content of grain silage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Moisture content of dry grain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Corn silage & corn grain is (low/high) in protein |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Corn silage & corn grain is (low/high) in energy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Corn silage is (low/high) in fiber |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cereal grains are (low/high) in fiber |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between component fed rations vs TMR |
|
Definition
component fed = grains & roughages fed separately
TMR = all mixed together, fed free-choice |
|
|
Term
| explain the significance of order of feeding to rumen function |
|
Definition
roughages stimulate chewing, saliva production = buffer for rumen
grains are high in acid, high volume of grain with no buffer = rumen acidosis |
|
|
Term
| What DMI is required for a cow at maintenance vs production |
|
Definition
Maintenance: 2% of body weight/day
Production: 3-4% |
|
|
Term
| Daily water intake requirement for a cow |
|
Definition
40L for 650kg cow at maintenance
Add 3L per L of milk produced if milking |
|
|
Term
| dry hay and water intakes for a horse at maintenance |
|
Definition
DMI: 2% of body weight
water: 20-30L per 450kg horse |
|
|
Term
| Why would you feed roughage chunks |
|
Definition
larger format, take longer to eat
can be fed as a 'grain' to easy keepers so they think they're getting dinner when everybody else gets a nutrient-dense pellet |
|
|
Term
| What is a nosocomial infection |
|
Definition
| infection developing in hospital |
|
|
Term
| What are the main principles of infection prevention |
|
Definition
decrease exposure
decrease susceptibility
increase resistance |
|
|
Term
True or False
Most effective infection control measure is handwashing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Screening for disease is an example of (active/passive) surveillance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Taking a blood sample from an animal who develops an infection is an example of (active/passive) surveillance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Empty medication bottles go in... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Used exam gloves go in... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Soiled gauze square (no blood) goes in... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Empty fluid bags / IV lines go in... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Empty vaccine bottle goes in... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Biohazardous waste includes... |
|
Definition
-anything soaked with blood
-animal tissues (meat bucket gross)
-all garbage from infectious cases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-needles, scalpel blades etc
-empty vaccine containers
-hematocrit tubes
-used vacutainers |
|
|
Term
| Designated waste includes... |
|
Definition
-anything stained with blood (not soaked)
-all medical plastics (syringes etc)
-medical glass (including broken glass) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Normal heart rate for dog |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Normal heart rate for cat |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Things to look for/do in a rectal exam on small animals |
|
Definition
PUT GLOVE AND LUBE ON
-feel around rectal wall for thickness & muscle function
-anal glands (4 & 8 oclock)
-urethra
-prostate
-contours of pelvis & sacrum
EXAMINE FECES/YOUR FINGER |
|
|
Term
| Normal resp rate for horse |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Normal heart rate for horse |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Things to look for in eye exam of horse |
|
Definition
-direct & consensual PLR
-corpora nigra
-light reflections at cornea & anterior surface (same direction as penlight) and posterior surface (opposite to penlight)
-menace
-conjuctiva
-sclera
-3rd eyelid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-oral mucous membranes
-tongue tone
-dental arcade |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-palpate ventral abdomen (umbilical hernia)
-cardiac thrill
-auscultate heart
-auscultate lungs
-auscultate abdomen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Normal heart rate for cow |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where can you take a pulse on the cow? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
proprioceptive
vestibular
cerebellar |
|
|
Term
| Hypermetric gait is sign of.... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The menace response tests CN ___ in and CN ___ out |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| THE PLR tests CN ___ in and ___ out |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Evaluation for nystagmus
tests CN ___ in and ___ out |
|
Definition
VIII vestibulocochlear
III oculomotor
IV trochlear
VI abducent |
|
|
Term
| Palpebral reflex assessees CN ___ in and ___ out |
|
Definition
V trigeminal (opthalmic,maxillary & madibular)
VII facial |
|
|
Term
| Nasal septum sensation assess CN __ in and ___ out |
|
Definition
V trigeminal
thalamocortex (conscious response) |
|
|
Term
| Evaluating masticatory muscles assess function of.... |
|
Definition
| CN V trigeminal (motor funcion of it) |
|
|
Term
| How would you evaluate CN IX (glossopharngeal) and X (vagus) |
|
Definition
| patient history for eating, drinking, swallowing, pharyngeal dysfunction etc |
|
|
Term
| Pinching the hind lateral toe on a dog assesses... |
|
Definition
| sensory & motor function of sciatic nerve (spinal reflex) |
|
|
Term
| Pinching the hind medial toe on a dog assesses... |
|
Definition
sensory function of femoral nerve
motor function of sciatic nerve |
|
|
Term
| What spinal cord segments are assessed when pinching the toes of thoracic limbs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What spinal cord segments are assessed when pinching toes on the pelvic limbs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are ou assessing when evaluating the perineal reflex? |
|
Definition
pudendal nerve
S1-S3 spinal cord segments |
|
|
Term
| Cutaneus trunci reflex assesses.... |
|
Definition
synapse at C8-T1
move from cranial to caudal to look for cutoff point (will indicate a lesion 1-2 vertebrae cranially to where you are pinching) |
|
|
Term
| Heart-related diseases that may lead to abdominal distension |
|
Definition
| asictes, acromegaly, splenomegaly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pulse rate < heart rate
due to premature contraction, before ventricles fill with enough blood to create a palpable pulse |
|
|
Term
| What is a HJG response? What does a positive result mean? |
|
Definition
jugular distension/pulse when you put pressure in the cranial abdomen
positive = elevated pressure in right side of heart |
|
|
Term
True or False
Mild elevation in pressure in the right side of the heart can be detected via HJG response |
|
Definition
false
only moderate & severe cases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| systolic pressure - diastolic pressure |
|
|
Term
| What effect would aortic stenosis have on pulse? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What effect would anemia, hyperthyroidism or fever have on pulse? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fluid turbulence / abnormal blood flow in the heart |
|
|
Term
True or False
Ausculation of the heart can provide definitive evidence of heart failure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False
A heart murmur is indicative of heart failure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What portion of the stethoscope is good to use for assessing diastolic mumurs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What portion of the stethoscope is good to use for assessing systolic murmors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| S1 heart sounds are correlated with what phase of an ECG? |
|
Definition
QRS (onset of systole)
closing of AV valves |
|
|
Term
| S2 heart sounds are associated with what phase of an ECG? |
|
Definition
end of ventricular ejection - T
closing of aortic & pulmonary valves |
|
|
Term
| An S3 gallop is an issue with.... |
|
Definition
| diastolic dysfunction (stiff ventricles, can't fill like normal) |
|
|
Term
| An S4 gallop is an issue with... |
|
Definition
| atria trying to force blood into full ventricles, or stiff ventricles |
|
|
Term
| What lymph nodes can you palpate in a sheep? |
|
Definition
submandibular
prescapular
prefemoral
popliteal |
|
|
Term
| Normal resp rate for sheep |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Normal body temp for sheep |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Normal heart rate for sheep |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What region of the heart is the closure of AV valves associated with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What region of the heart is the closure of semilunar valves associated with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of murmur occurs between S1 & S2? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of murmur occurs between S2 & S1? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of murmur is most common? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a pansystolic murmur? |
|
Definition
| a murmur that continues into S2 |
|
|
Term
| If you can hear a murmur on both sides of the chest, but cannot feel a thrill, what grade is it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of the stethoscope is best for listening to gallops? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does a patellar reflex assess? |
|
Definition
femoral nerve
L4-L6 spinal segments |
|
|
