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Radiology 3 Test 1
Stachenotes PCC Canturbury
73
Anatomy
Graduate
05/07/2012

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Cards

Term
Which statement is true about Radon?
a) It is an odoriferous release of gas
b) It makes up more than 50% of our average annual exposure to radon
c) It is an internal type of radiation that is ingested in food and water
d) it makes up more than 80% of our average annual exposure to radiation
e) It bombards us from the sun and the stars
Definition
b) It makes up more than 50% of our average annual exposure to radiation
Term
Which of the following is a characteristic of x-ray?
a) Long wavelength
b) Short wavelength
c) The same wavelength as radiowaves
d) The same wavelength as microwaves
Definition
b) short wavelenth
Term
Of your bodies and systems which will require the most radiation in an acute blast to screw up?
a) Nervous system
b) Skin and hair system
c) Gastrointestinal system
d) hematologic system
Definition
a) Nervous system
Term
In what country was x-ray discovered?
a) Brazil
b) Austria
c) Germany
d) The USA
e) Canada (eh)
Definition
c) Germany
Term
Imagine that you are a wee little photon that has sailed through space at a high rate of speed which has carried you into and out of a patient. Of the following, what would be the next thing you encounter?
a) grid
b) film
c) screen
d) cassette
Definition
a) grid
Term
If you had a film that was too dark, which of the following would solve your problem?
a) Increase kV
b) Decrease SID
c) Decrease mAs
d) Increase the exposure time
Definition
c) decrease the mAs
Term
Increasing the time of the exposure will have which effect on the film?
a) lighten it
b) darken it
c) make it grainy
d) accentuate the grid lines
Definition
b) darken it
Term
How does one calculate mAs?
a) kV x time
b) kV x mA
c) mA x time
d) mA x kV x time
Definition
c) mA x time
Term
The inverse square law should be considered when doing what?
a) Changing the FFD
b) Changing the tube current
c) Changing the kVp
d) Changing the focal spot size
Definition
a) Changing the FFD
Term
Before making an exposure with an x-ray machine which is the first thing that will need to be done to prevent tube damage?
a) tube rating chart calculations
b) tube cooling chart calculations
c) changing alternating current to direct current
d) heating the filament to its proper level and rotating the anode
Definition
c) changing the AC to DC
Term
A step up transformer will have which effect?
a) increase the amps
b) increase the volts
d) changes AC to DC
e) produces full wave rectification
Definition
b) increases the volts
Term
Current going through a filament is set by which of the following?
a) mA control
b) kV control
c) Timer
d) Tube distance
Definition
a) mA control
Term
How many electrodes will your x-ray tube have in it?
a) one
b) two
c) three
d) four
Definition
b) two
Term
The number of photons is proportional to which of the following?
a) the filament size
b) the size of the target
c) the high voltage circuit
d) the number of electrons
Definition
d) the number of electrons
Term
Of the choices below, which would cause more penumbra?
a) Long SID
b) Large focal spot
c) Short OFD
d) Small collimation field
Definition
b) Large focal spot
Term
X-ray is produced at which tube part?
a) the stem
b) the filament
c) the target
d) the port
Definition
c) the target
Term
Which of the following is the anode heel responsible for?
a) increased patient exposure
b) large penumbra
c) limits the field of exposure
d) a reduction in the beam intensity
Definition
d) a reduction in the beam intensity
Term
Which part of a tube prevents the electron cloud from dispersing beyond its desired location?
a) the anode
b) the filament
c) the focal spot
d) the focusing cup
e) the cathode stem
Definition
d) the focusing cup
Term
The filtration of the x-ray beam as it passes through the collimator is mostly due to which of the following?
a) the light bulb
b) the mirror
c) the shutters
d) the plastic window
e) the cross-hair thingee
Definition
b) the mirror
Term
If you were taking an A-P open mouth film for an upper cervical technique, which should you do?
a) collimate out the eyes
b) Do a P-A, not an A-P
c) Use lead goggles over the eyes
d) Use selective filtration over the eyes
Definition
d) use selective filtration over the eyes
Term
What part of the tube complex allows one to move the tube stand in order to set the SID for an upright film?
a) the tube housing
b) the tube cables
c) the tube arm
d) the tube track
Definition
d) the tube track
Term
The single greatest risk for a fetus from ionizing radiation exposure from x-ray is which of the following
a) growth retardation
b) microcephaly
c) childhood leukemia
d) nervous system tumors
Definition
c) childhood leukemia
Term
If you took a radiograph at 72" and then took another one of the same view at 40" what would you have to do to maintain the same radiographic density?
a) increase the mAs by 3 times
b) increase the mAs by double
c) decrease the mAs by 1/2
d) decrease the mAs by 1/3
Definition
d) decrease the mAs by 1/3
Term
Imagine that you are sitting in your rad 3 class and are so thoroughly bored you wish that you had brought your Insane Clown Posse CD to keep you awake. Thinking of ICP, your favorite group, your mind dwells on the letter P and you think, "that's funny, we are talking about kVp, maybe I could start a group called the kVp (kilo Volts p) but you can't think of what the p stands for when someone refers to kVp. So you quickly look it up because you don't want to run the risk of missing it on a test. What would you find the p means in kVp?
a) Peak
b) Power
c) Preferred
d) Preprogrammed
Definition
a) Peak
Term
Let's say you have graduated and settles in Quicksand Kentucky where you move a used x-ray machine you bought "sight unseen" from Snidley Whiplash (not the brightest moment of your life). Since Mr. Whiplash already had it crated up the first time you see it is when your installer uncrates it to put it in. He informs you that there is no beam limiting device on it and that since he doesn't have one on hand that you should go down to Gidney and Cloyd's Bait, Tackle, and used x-ray parts shop to see if they have one. The owner shows you what he has. You see a cone, a manual collimator, a semi automatic collimator, a fully automatic collimator, and a lead diaphragm. Remembering what most people prefer today you decide on which one?
a) the cone
b) the manual collimator
c) the semiautomatic collimator
d) the fully automatic collimator
e) The lead diaphragm
Definition
b) the manual collimator
Term
Which is the largest contributor to the average persons annual exposure from man made sources?
a) diagnostic x-ray
b) nuclear medicine
c) nuclear power
d) consumer products
Definition
a) diagnostic x-ray
Term
On the average, which of the following accounts for over 50% of the typical person's annual radiation exposure?
a) radon
b) diagnostic x-rays
c) ingested food and water
d) the sun and stars
Definition
a) radon
Term
Of the following, what makes x-ray potentially dangerous?
a) they travel at the speed of light
b) they have a long wavelength
c) they are ionizing
d) they diverge
Definition
c) they are ionizing
Term
Which of the following travels at less than the speed of light?
a) radon
b) gamma rays
c) x-rays
d) radiowaves
Definition
a) radon
Term
Alpha particles are most harmful in people when they do what with them?
a) touch them
b) ingest them
c) see them
d) inhale them
Definition
d) inhale them
Term
The first radiographic print was of what body part?
a) head
b) spine
c) hand
d) foot
Definition
c) hand
Term
kV is the primary controlling factor for which of the following?
a) FFD
d) Density
c) Contrast
d) Screen speed
Definition
c) contrast
Term
When would you apply the inverse square law?
a) When changing the kV
b) When changing the mAs
c) When changing the collimator size
d) When changing the tube distance
Definition
d) when changing the tube distance
Term
The initials FFD, TFD, and SID refer to what?
a) the distance between the glass tube
b) the distance between the film and the tube housing
c) the distance between the cassette and the patient
d) the distance between the target and the patient
e) the distance between the source of the x-ray and the film
Definition
e) The distance between the source of the x-ray and the film
Term
What does the "P" in kVp stand for?
a) Peak
b) Power
c) Preffered
d) Penetration
Definition
a) Peak
Term
The number of electrons is controlled by the ___.
a) focusing cup
b) low voltage circuit
c) high voltage circuit
d) step up transformer
Definition
b) low voltage circuit
Term
What connects the transformer to the tube?
a) the cables
b) the housing
c) the tube track
d) the tube arm
Definition
a) the cables
Term
About what percent of energy from the process of producing x-rays is given off as heat?
a) 1%
b) 10%
c) 75%
d) 99%
Definition
d) 99%
Term
What is the minimum anode angle that can be used if you were going to take a 14"x 36" full spine film?
a) 10 degrees
b) 12 degrees
c) 14 degrees
d) 16 degrees
Definition
c) 14 degrees
Term
If you looked into the port of a used x-ray tube and saw that the entire surface of the anode had bumps, which of the following terms best matches this appearance?
a) anode melting
b) anode pitting
c) anode overload
d) anode rotation is slow
Definition
b) anode pitting
Term
When x-rays are produced, which of the following is responsible for first attenuation of any part of the x-ray beam?
a) the oil surrounding the tube
b) the added filtration
c) the collimator
d) the anode
Definition
d) the anode
Term
Which structure is responsible for confining the cloud of electrons?
a) the small focal spot
b) the cathode stem
c) the focusing cup
d) the anode heel
e) the the filament
Definition
c) the focusing cup
Term
The purpose of the collimator shutters is to ____.
a) filter the periphery of the beam
b) designate the location of the central ray
c) absorb unneeded x-rays
d) align the tube with the film
Definition
c) absorb unneeded x-rays
Term
What is used to tell us that the x-ray beam is centered to the part being radiographed?
a) the tube stand
b) the light and mirror
c) the added filtration
d) the adjustable shutters
Definition
b) the light and mirror
Term
Which is the most common reason that compensating filters be used?
a) to reduce patient exposure
b) to reduce secondary radiation
c) to reduce film density
d) to reduce film contrast
Definition
c) to reduce film density
Term
Which of the following parts of the tube complex contains lead?
a) the filter
b) the target
c) the window
d) the tube housing
Definition
d) the tube housing
Term
Which is the best way to identify a patient's film?
a) a paper stick on label after processing
b) a flash on label before processing
c) a permanent marker after film has dried
d) an aluminum holder of lead letters before exposure
Definition
b) a flash on label before processing
Term
An acute exposure of four rads would probably have which effect on a pregnant female's fetus?
a) development of thyroid cancer
b) development of cataracts
c) mutations
d) none
Definition
d) none
Term
Which of the following could cause a TV to experience thermionic emission?
a) focusing cup
b) an anode stem
c) a filament
d) a target
Definition
c) a filament
Term
one millisievert is equal to how many mrems?
a) 1000 mrems
b) 100 mrems
c) 10mrems
d) 1mrem
Definition
b) 100mrem
Term
Radon comes to us in which form?
a) alpha particles
b) beta particles
c) gamma rays
d) electromagnetic radiation
Definition
a) alpha particles
Term
Give or take a little, natural background radiation accounts for about how much of your annual exposure to ionizing radiation?
a) 25%
b) 50%
c) 80%
d) 95%
Definition
c) 80%
Term
The beneficial effect of radiation is called ____.
a) radiation hormesis
b) radiation teratogenesis
c) radiation threshold
d) radiation stochastic effect
Definition
a) radiation hormesis
Term
Which of the following is NOT a property of x-ray?
a) they are stored in matter
b) they penetrate matter
c) they cause biological effects
d) they cause ionization
Definition
a) they are stored in matter
Term
How many rads are in a gray?
a) 25
b) 50
c) 100
d) 200
Definition
c) 100
Term
Which unit of measure is usually used for reporting occupational exposure to radiation?
a) Rad
b) Gray
c) Rem
d) Roentgen
Definition
c) Rem
Term
In what year did BJ introduce x-ray into the chiropractic profession?
a) 1895
b) 1900
c) 1910
d) 1924
Definition
c) 1910
Term
Comparing two tubes, one with an anode angle of 25 degrees, one with an anode angle of 15 degrees, which of the following is the correct statement?
a) the 15 degree will dissipate more heat
b) the 25 degree one will allow a greater tube diameter
c) the 15 degree one will produce greater clarity of an image
d) the 25 degree one will not hold up with a 300 mA-125 kV machine
Definition
c) the 15 degree one will produce greater clarity of an image
Term
Of the following which would you expect to receive the highest amount of radiation from an x-ray procedure?
a) the gonads
b) the eyes
c) the bone
d) the skin
Definition
d) the skin
Term
In which of the following forms do we encounter radon?
a) gas
b) solid
c) liquid
d) bundles with no mass
Definition
a) gas
Term
Higher energy photons are present in which of the following?
a) higher frequency
b) higher wavelength
c) longer wavelength
d) longer frequency
Definition
a) higher frequency
Term
Radiation hormesis refers to which of the following?
a) the deterministic effect from short term exposure
b) a non-continuous exposure to high doses of radiation
c) Erythema and hair loss from receiving any dose of radiation
d) the beneficial effects from exposure to low levels of radiation
Definition
d) the beneficial effects from exposure to low levels of radiation
Term
Dosimetry is used for which of the following?
a) detecting radiation
b) shielding from radiation
c) limiting the beam of x-ray
d) enhancing x-ray intensity
Definition
a) detecting radiation
Term
In which year was x-ray discovered?
a) 1890
b) 1895
c) 1900
d) 1910
Definition
b) 1895
Term
Which of the following is the primary factor for radiographic contrast?
a) kV
b) mAs
c) FFD
d) Filters
Definition
a) kV
Term
The focal spot size is usually set in conjunction with which of the following?
a) the low voltage circuit
b) the high voltage circuit
c) the timer circuit
d) the rotor button
Definition
a) the low voltage circuit
Term
Which of the following would happen if you lengthened the time of an exposure?
a) you would decrease the film density
b) you would decrease the exposure to the patient
c) you would increase the penetration of the beam
d) you would increase the number of photons hitting the patient
Definition
d) you would increase the number of photons hitting the patient
Term
Which primary factor is responsible for the "quality" of an x-ray beam?
a) kVp
b) mA
c) Time
d) FFD
Definition
a) kVp
Term
The mA setting determines which of the following?
a) the current going through to the rectifiers
b) the current going through the filament
c) the current going through the anode
d) the current going through to the timer
Definition
b) the current going through the fillament
Term
Which would have the least fluctuation in the kV level?
a) high frequency
b) 2 phase
c) single phase
d) 3 phase
Definition
a) high frequency
Term
What propels the electrons in an x-ray tube?
a) kV
b) mA
c) the target
d) the focusing cup
Definition
a) kV
Term
A tube warm up procedure should be performed using how many exposures?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
Definition
B)2
Term
Which part of an x-ray tube is the target located in?
a) port
b) anode
c) cathode
d) collimator
Definition
b) anode
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