Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Quiz Combined Set
N/A
211
Anatomy
Graduate
03/20/2012

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What are the branches of the superficial temporal artery?
Definition
Transverse facial branch and middle temporal branch
Term
What forms the retromandibular vein?
Definition
Joining of the maxillary vein and superficial temporal vein
Term
What forsm the common facial vein?
Definition
Joining of the retromandibular vein and the facial vein
Term
What nerve ascends with the superficial temporal artery and vein?
Definition
Auriculotemporal nerve (V3)
Term
What are the muscles of mastication?
Definition
Temporalis, masseter, lateral pterygoid, and medial pterygoid
Term
What is the developmental origin of the muscles of mastication?
Definition
1st pharyngeal arch of the embryo
Term
What innervates the muscles of mastication?
Definition
Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (V3)
Term
What are the contents of the infratemporal fossa?
Definition
Sphenomandibular ligament, lateral and medial pterygoid muscle, mandibular nerve and branches, chorda tympani, maxillary artery branches, pterygoid plexus of veins
Term
What is the developmental origin of the sphenomandibular ligament?
Definition
1st pharyngeal arch of the embryo
Term
What are the attachment points of the sphenomandibular ligament?
Definition
Spine of sphenoid bone to lingula of mandible
Term
What ligament limits the extreme protrusion of the mandible?
Definition
Stylomandibular ligament
Term
Where do the upper and lower heads of the lateral pterygoid attach?
Definition
Greater wing of sphenoid an lateral pterygoid plate respectively
Term
What action is performed by contraction of the lateral pterygoid muscle?
Definition
Depress and protrude mandible, unilateral contraction pushes chin to contralateral side
Term
Where do the superficial and deep heads of the medial pterygoid attach?
Definition
Maxillary tuberosity and lateral ptarygoid plate respectivel
Term
What action is performed by the medial pterygoid muscle?
Definition
Elevates amandible, unilateral contraction assists lateral pterygoid in side-to-side movement
Term
What forms the mandiubular sling?
Definition
Medial pterygoid and masseter muscles
Term
The mandibular nerve (V3) enters the infratemporal fossa through what opening?
Definition
Foramen ovale
Term
What is distinct about the mandibular branch of CN V in contrast to the other two branches?
Definition
Only division of CN V that carries motor fibers to innervate muscles of mastication
Term
The meningeal branch of the mandibular nerve travels to what area?
Definition
Middle cranial fossa
Term
What is innervated by the anterior division of the mandibular nerve?
Definition
Muscles of mastication and sensory to the cheek via a buccal branch
Term
What kind of innervation is provided by the posterior division of the mandibular nerve?
Definition
Gives off auriculotemporal, lingual, and inferior alveolar nerves which are sensory with the exception of the mylohyoid branch of the inferior alveolar
Term
Where does the auriculotemporal nerve split?
Definition
Around middle meningeal artery before exiting the infratemporal fossa behind the neck of the mandible
Term
What provides parasympathetic innervation to the parotid gland?
Definition
Auriculotemporal nerve via otic ganglion
Term
What carries general sensation from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue and floor of the oral cavity?
Definition
Lingual nerve branch of the mandibular nerve (V3)
Term
What carries taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue as well as preganglionic innervation to submandibular ganglion?
Definition
Chorda tympani branch of the mandibular nerve (V3)
Term
What carries general sensation from mandibular teeth and gengiva?
Definition
Inferior alveolar nerve branch of the mandibular nerve (V3)
Term
What carries sensation from mucosa and skin of lower lip, chin, and incisive teeth?
Definition
Mental nerve branch of the inferior alveolar nerve
Term
What are the branches of the first part of the maxillary artery?
Definition
Deep auricular & anterior tympanic arteries, middle meningeal artery, inferior alveolar artery
Term
What are the branches of the second part of the maxillary artery?
Definition
Deep temporal arteries, buccal artery
Term
What are the branches of the third part of the maxillary artery?
Definition
Infraorbital, greater palatine, sphenopalatine, pharyngeal, artery of pterygoid canal, and posterior superior alveolar artery
Term
Where do most branches of the third part of the maxillary artery originate?
Definition
Pterygo-palatine fossa
Term
What is the location of the pterygoid plexus of veins?
Definition
Surrounds lateral pterygoid muscle
Term
What connects the pterygoid plexus of veins to the cavernous sinus?
Definition
Emissary veins
Term
What connects the pterygoid plexus of veins to the facial veins?
Definition
Deep facial vein
Term
The pterygoid plexus of veins coalesce to form what vein?
Definition
Maxillary veins
Term
What subdivides the articular cavity of the temporomandibular joint into upper and lower cavities?
Definition
Articular disc
Term
What movements are performed by the temporomandibular joint?
Definition
Hinge via lower cavity and gliding via upper cavity
Term
What depresses and opens the jaw for chewing?
Definition
Primarily gravity and lateral pterygoid muscle though other accessory masticatory muscles help
Term
What elevates and retracts the jaw for closure during chewing?
Definition
Masseter, temporalis, and medial pterygoid muscles
Term
What shifts the mandible side to side during chewing?
Definition
Masseter and medial pterygoid muscles
Term
What is the location of the pterygopalatine fossa?
Definition
Between pterygoid process of the sphenoid and the maxilla, medial to the nasal cavity and lateral to the infratemporal fossa
Term
How does the pterygopalatine fossa communicate with the infratemporal fossa?
Definition
Pterygomaxillary fissure
Term
How does the pterygopalatine fossa communicate with the nasal cavity?
Definition
Sphenopalatine foramen
Term
How does the pterygopalatine fossa communicate with the orbit?
Definition
Inferior orbital fissure
Term
How does the pterygopalatine fossa communicate with the middle cranial fossa?
Definition
Foramen rotundum
Term
How does the pterygopalatine fossa communicate with the foramen lacerum?
Definition
Pterygoid canal
Term
How does the pterygopalatine fossa communicate with the oral cavity?
Definition
Palatine canals
Term
How does the pterygopalatine fossa communicate with the nasopharynx?
Definition
Palatovaginal canal
Term
What are the contents of the pterygopalatine fossa?
Definition
Pterygopalatine ganglion, branches of V2 (maxillary n.), and third part of the maxillary artery
Term
How does the maxillary artery enter the pterygopalatine fossa?
Definition
From the infratemporal fossa via the pterygomaxillary fissure
Term
What are the 6 branches of the maxillary artery within the pterygopalatine fossa?
Definition
Posterior and superior alveolar artery, infraorbital artery, artery of the pterygoid canal, pharyngeal artery, greater palatine artery, sphenopalatine artery
Term
What is the route of the artery of the pterygoid canal in the pterygopalatine fossa?
Definition
Through the pterygoid canal to the nasopharynx
Term
What is the route of the pharyngeal artery in the pterygopalatine fossa?
Definition
Through the palovaginal canal to the nasopharynx
Term
What is the route of the greater palatine artery in the pterygopalatine fossa?
Definition
Through the greater palatine canal alongside the greater palatine nerve to the hard palate. Gives off lesser palatine artery to supply the soft palate
Term
What is the route of the sphenopalatine artery in the pterygopalatine fossa?
Definition
Medially through the sphenopalatine foramen to supply the nasal cavity
Term
What is the name of the ganglion found on the sensory root of CN V (trigeminal n.)
Definition
Trigeminal/semilunar ganglion
Term
Where does V1 (ophthalmic n.) exit the cranium?
Definition
Superior orbital fissure
Term
Where does V2 (maxillary n.) exit the cranium?
Definition
Foramen rotundum to enter the pterygopalatine fossa
Term
Where does V3 (mandibular n.) exit the cranium?
Definition
Foramen ovale
Term
What ganglion does V2 (maxillary n.) synapse with within the pterygopalatine fossa?
Definition
Pterygopalatine ganglion
Term
When does V2 (maxillary n.) become the infraorbital nerve?
Definition
After it traverses the infraorbital fissure
Term
What are all the branches of V2 (maxillary n.)?
Definition
Zygomatic, nasal, posterior superior alveolar, infraorbital, pharyngeal, greater and lesser palatine nerves, ganglionic branches to the pterygopalatine ganglion
Term
What is the destination of the zygomatic nerve and what is its route?
Definition
Enters orbit through inferior orbital fissure, enters zygomatic foramen
Term
What are the branches of the zygomatic nerve?
Definition
Zygomaticofacial and Zygomaticotemporal nerves
Term
Which branch of the zygomatic nerve communicates with the lacrimal nerve of V1?
Definition
Zygomaticotemporal nerve
Term
How does the nasal branch of V2 (maxillary n.) enter the nasal cavity?
Definition
Sphenopalatine foramen
Term
How is the nasal nerve distributes within the nasal cavity?
Definition
Superior and inferior posterior lateral nasal nerves and the nasopalatine nerve which passes through the incisive canal to innervate the anterior plate
Term
What innervates the maxillary teeth?
Definition
Superior alveolar nerves
Term
What are the branches of the superior alveolar nerve?
Definition
Posterior, middle, and anterior superior alveolar nerves. Posterior is a direct branch of V2 while the middle and anterior are branches of the infraorbital nerve
Term
What gives off the infraorbital nerve?
Definition
A continuation of V2 (maxillary n.) in the inferior orbital fissure through the pterygopalatine fossa and the orbit
Term
What nerve traverses the pterygopalatine ganglion with synapsing?
Definition
Postganglionic and sensory nerve fibers from V2 (maxillary n.)
Term
What preganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibers synapse at the pterygopalatine ganglion?
Definition
Greater petrosal nerve which is a branch of CN VII (facial n.) at the geniculate ganglion
Term
What postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers synapse at the pterygopalatine ganglion?
Definition
Deep petrosal nerve which branches from the internal carotid plexus
Term
What are the targets of postganglionic fibers from the pterygopalatine ganglion?
Definition
Lacrimal gland, nasal cavity, and palate
Term
What innervates the lacrimal gland?
Definition
Parasympathetic from pterygopalatine ganglion and sympathetic from superior cervical ganglion, also lacrimal nerve via communicating branch from zygomaticotemporal branch of the zygomatic nerve
Term
What effect does parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation have on the lacrimal gland?
Definition
Secretomotor and vasomotor (vasoconstriction) respectively
Term
Where does V3 (mandibular n.) exit the cranium?
Definition
Foramen ovale
Term
What is unique about V3 (mandibular n.) among the divisions of CN V (trigeminal n.)?
Definition
Only motor division
Term
What branches are given off by the main trunk of V3 (mandibular n.)?
Definition
Meningeal branch (sensory) and nerve to medial pterygoid (motor)
Term
What are the nerves given off by the anterior division of V3 (mandibular n.)?
Definition
Buccal (only sensory branch, others are motor), masseteric, deep temporal nerves and nerve to lateral pterygoid
Term
What are the branches of the posterior division of V3 (mandibular n.)?
Definition
Auriculotemporal (sensory), lingual (sensory), and inferior alveolar nerves (gives off nerve to mylohyoid (motor) and mental nerve (sensory))
Term
What are the muscles of mastication?
Definition
Temporalis, lateral and medial pterygoid, and masseter muscles
Term
What other muscles other than those used for mastication are supplied by V3 (mandibular n.)?
Definition
Tensor veli palatini, tensor tympani, mylohyoid, and anterior belly of the digastric
Term
What is supplied by the nerve to the mylohyoid?
Definition
Mylohyoid muscle and anterior belly of digastric muscle
Term
What is supplied by the auriculotemporal nerve?
Definition
Carries postganglionic parasympathetic innervation from otic ganglion to parotid gland, also supplies cutaneous sensation to the temporal region and auricle
Term
What is the function of the lingual nerve?
Definition
Contains GSA sensation fibers from anterior 2/3 tongue, receives nerve fibers from chorda tympani
Term
What gives off the chorda tympani nerve?
Definition
CN VII (facial n.)
Term
What is the function of the chorda tympani nerve?
Definition
Carries SVA taste for anterior 2/3 of tongue and preganglionic sympathetic fibers for the submandibular ganglion
Term
What is the function of the inferior alveolar nerve?
Definition
Gives off nerve to mylohyoid, enters mandible via mandibular canal and gives rise to the inferior dental plexus before terminating as the incisive nerve and the mental nerve
Term
What is innervated by the terminal branches of the inferior alveolar nerve - the incisive and mental nerves?
Definition
Former innervates mandibular first premolar, canine and incisor teeth, latter innervates the chin and lower lip
Term
What provides parasympathetic innervation to the submandibular and sublingual glands?
Definition
Branches of CN VII (facial n.)via chorda tympani nerve synapses at submandibular ganglion
Term
What provides parasympathetic innervation of the parotid gland?
Definition
Tympanic branch of CN IX (glossopharyngeal) gives off lesser petrosal nerve which synapses at the otic ganglion which gives off fibers to the parotid gland
Term
What bones make up the bony orbit?
Definition
Frontal; maxilla; zygomatic; sphenoid; ethmoid; lacrimal; palatine
Term
What makes up the roof of the bony orbit?
Definition
Orbital part of frontal, lesser wing of sphenoid
Term
What makes up the medial wall of the bony orbit?
Definition
Thinnest wall, related to ethmoidal and sphenoidal sinuses, made up of ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal, and lacrimal bones
Term
What makes up the lateral wall of the bony orbit?
Definition
Thickest wall, made up of frontal process of zygomatic and greater wing of sphenoid
Term
What makes up the floor of the bony orbit?
Definition
Maxilla, zygomatic, palatine, related to maxillary sinus
Term
What separates the floor of the bony orbit from the lateral wall?
Definition
Inferior orbital fissure
Term
What part of the orbit is most commonly associated with blow out fractures?
Definition
Floor of the bony orbit
Term
Protrusion of the eyeball is referred to as what?
Definition
Exophthalamos
Term
What are the effects of a blow-out fracture on the bones of the orbit?
Definition
Displaces orbital walls, pushes intraorbital contents into the sinuses
Term
What are the observable effects of a blow-out fracture?
Definition
Pain, swelling, diplopia, inhibited upward gaze due to entrapment of inferior oblique, enopthalamos
Term
What traverses the optic canal and what areas does it connect?
Definition
Optic nerve and ophthalmic artery, communicates with middle cranial fossa
Term
What passes through the superior orbital fissure? What does it communicate with?
Definition
Superior opthalmic vein, CN III, IV, and V2, branches of CN V1, communicates with middle cranial fossa
Term
What is transmitted through the inferior orbital fissure and what does it communicate with?
Definition
Orbital and zygomatic branches of CN V2, inferior ophthalmic vein, veins communicating with the pterygoid plexus, communicates with pterygopalatine fossa
Term
What travels through the supraorbital notch/foramen?
Definition
Supraorbital artery and nerve
Term
What travels through the infraorbital groove and canal?
Definition
Infraorbital artery and nerve
Term
What is transmitted through the lacrimal canal and what does it communicate with?
Definition
Nasolacrimal duct, connects to inferior nasal meatus
Term
What passes through the anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramen?
Definition
Anterior and posterior ethmoid arteries and nerves respectively
Term
What separates the eyelids?
Definition
Medial and lateral palpebral commissures
Term
Eyelashes are associated with what glands?
Definition
Glands of Zeiss (sebaceous glands) glands of Moll (modified sweat glands)
Term
What is responsible for the rigidity of the eyelid?
Definition
Tarsal plate
Term
What muscles insert into the tarsal plate?
Definition
Levator palpebrae superioris and superior tarsal muscle, contains large sebaceous glands called Meibomean/tarsal glands
Term
What are secreted by tarsal glands?
Definition
Lipid part of tearfilm
Term
What is Hordeolum?
Definition
Infection of the eyelid involving Meibomian glands or the glands of Zeiss due to obstruction or infection of an eyelash
Term
What is chalazion?
Definition
Noninfections obstruction of Meibomian glands causing inflammation, irritation, and cysts
Term
What causes the inability to fully close eyelids in Bell's palsy?
Definition
Paralysis of orbicularis oculi due to damage to CN VII
Term
Ptosis is a term used for what symptom?
Definition
Drooping of the eyelid
Term
Paralysis of what muscles causes ptosis?
Definition
Levator palpebrae superioris (CN III damage) or superior tarsal muscle (Horner syndrome)
Term
The lacrimal duct drains into what?
Definition
Inferior nasal meatus
Term
Describe he pathway tears take from the lacrimal gland to excretion
Definition
Lacrimal canaliculi -> lacrimal puncta on the summit of the lacrimal papilla -> lacrimal sac -> nasolacrimal duct -> inferior nasal meatus
Term
Tears are spread evenly over the eyeball through blinking and accumulation in an area known as what?
Definition
Lacrimal lake
Term
What provides innervation signalling for the excretion of tears?
Definition
Greater petrosal n. via CN VII -> pterygopalatin ganglion -> zygomatic n. and lacrimal n. via CN V2 -> lacrimal gland
Term
What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic effects on the lacrimal apparatus?
Definition
Parasympathetic = secretomotor, Sympathetic = vasoconstriction
Term
What makes up the fibrous layer of the eyeball?
Definition
Sclera, cornea, and corneoscleral junction (limbus)
Term
What makes up the vascular layer (Uvea) of the eyeball?
Definition
Choroid, ciliary body, iris
Term
What makes up the neural layer of the eyeball?
Definition
Retina
Term
What parts of the eyeball do not make up its various coats?
Definition
Lens and vitreous body
Term
What is the central aperture of the iris known as?
Definition
Pupil
Term
What makes up the ciliary body of the eyeball?
Definition
Ciliary muscles (ciliary muscle, sphincter pupillae, and dilator pupillae) and processes
Term
What secretes aqueous humor in the eye?
Definition
Ciliary processes of the ciliary body
Term
What is the function of sphincter and dilator pupillae?
Definition
Myosis (pupilloconstriction) and mydriasis (pupillodilation) respectively
Term
How do ciliary muscles mediate far vision and near vision?
Definition
Relax to flatten the lens for far vision, constrict to relax the suspensory ligament and thicken the lens for near vision
Term
How does aqueous humor secreted by the ciliary processes drain out of the eye?
Definition
Anterior chamber -> trabecular meshwork -> iridocorneal junction -> exits via spaces of the Fontana into Schlemm's canal
Term
How many layers are there to the retina?
Definition
10
Term
What are the outermost layers of the retina?
Definition
Retinal pigment epithelium adjacent to the choroid and nerve fiber layer that forms the optic nerve in the optic disc
Term
What purpose do rods and cones serve?
Definition
Rods = night vision, cones = color vision
Term
Where is the highest concentration of cones found?
Definition
Fovea (a small pit in the macular lutea)
Term
What supplies blood to the retina?
Definition
Central retinal artery
Term
What gives off the posterior auricular artery?
Definition
External carotid
Term
What gives off the anterior auricular artery?
Definition
Superficial temporal
Term
What nerves provide sensory innervation to the auricle?
Definition
Lesser occipital (C2), great auricular (C2-3), auriculotemporal nerve (V3)
Term
What provides branches for sensory innervation to the external auditory meatus?
Definition
CN V3, CN X
Term
The handle of the malleus attaches to what part of the tympanic membrane?
Definition
Umbo
Term
What separates the Pars tensa from the Pars flaccida?
Definition
Anterior and posterior malleolar folds
Term
What provides branches for sensory innervation of the outer surface of the tympanic membrane?
Definition
CN V, VII, X
Term
What provides branches for sensory innervation of the inner surface of the tympanic membrane
Definition
CN IX
Term
The middle ear is located in what bone?
Definition
Temporal bone
Term
What are the different parts of the middle ear?
Definition
Tympanic cavity, epitympanic recess
Term
What allows communication between the middle ear and the nasopharynx?
Definition
Pharyngotympanic tube
Term
What are the different walls of the middle ear?
Definition
Tegmental, jugular, membranous, anterior, labyrinthine, and mastoid walls
Term
What separates the middle ear from the middle cranial fossa and serves as the roof of the middle ear?
Definition
Tegmental wall
Term
What separates the middle ear from the internal jugular vein and makes up the floor of the middle ear? What is contained within it?
Definition
Jugular wall, contains tympanic canaliculus
Term
What part of the middle ear consists almost entirely of the tympanic membrane?
Definition
Membranous (lateral) wall
Term
What separates the middle ear from the internal carotid artery in the carotid canal?
Definition
Anterior wall
Term
What landmarks and structures are found in the anterior wall of the middle ear?
Definition
Opening of canal of tensor tympani muscle, entrance of the pharyngotympanic tube, foramen for exit of the chorda tympani, foramen for exit of the lesser petrosal nerve
Term
What part of the middle ear separates it from the inner ear?
Definition
Labyrinthine (medial) wall
Term
What landmarks and structures are found in the labyrinthine wall of the middle ear?
Definition
Promontory which is formed by the basal turn of the cochlea, oval window to which the foot of the stapes is attached, round window, prominence of the facial canal, prominence of lateral semicircular canal
Term
What separates the middle ear and the mastoid air cells?
Definition
Mastoid (posterior) wall
Term
The mastoid (posterior) wall is superiorly continuous with what? What does the mastoid wall contain?
Definition
Continuous with aditus to mastoid air cells, contains pyramidal eminence of stapedius tendon and the opening for the chorda tympani to enter the ear
Term
What are the auditor ossicles?
Definition
Malleus, incus, stapes
Term
The chorda tympani travels between what structures as it crosses the middle ear?
Definition
Between incus and malleus
Term
Surgical incision of the tympanic membrane is made in what quadrant?
Definition
Posterior inferior quadrant
Term
Which part of the ear functions to transmit sound waves?
Definition
Middle ear
Term
Describe the transmission of sound waves through the inner ear
Definition
Sound -> tympanic membrane -> moves ossicles -> moves oval window -> moves perilymph in scala vestibuli and scala tympani -> waves activate receptors in the spiral organ
Term
What relieves pressure from received sound waves in the ear?
Definition
Round window
Term
What attenuates the tympanic membrane in response to very loud noises?
Definition
Tensor tympani and stapedius
Term
What innervates the tensor tympani, allowing it to attenuate the tympanic membrane in response to loud noises? What is it attached to?
Definition
Nerve to medial pterygoid via CN V3, attached to malleus
Term
What innervates the stapedius, allowing it to attenuate the tympanic membrane in response to loud noises? What is it attached to?
Definition
Nerve to the stapedius via CN VII, attached to stapes
Term
What is linked by the pharyngotympanic (eustachian) tube?
Definition
Nasopharynx to middle ear
Term
What muscles are attached to the pharyngotympanic (eustachian) tube?
Definition
Levator veli palatini, salpingopharyngeus, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini
Term
What bone contains the inner ear?
Definition
Petrous part of temporal bone
Term
What makes up the bony labyrinth of the inner ear?
Definition
Vistibule, cochlea, semicircular canals
Term
What substance fills the bony labyrinth?
Definition
Perilymph, also contains the membranous labyrinth
Term
What makes up the membranous labyrinth?
Definition
Semicircular ducts, cochlear duct, utricle, saccule
Term
What substance fills the membranous labyrinth?
Definition
Endolymph
Term
What is the "organ of hearing"?
Definition
Cochlea
Term
What are detected by the crista of the anterior, posterior, and lateral semicircular ducts?
Definition
Direction of movement (vestibular apparatus)
Term
What is detected by the macula of the utricle and saccule of the membranous labyrinth?
Definition
Linear acceleration
Term
What divides the chamber of the nose into two nasal passages?
Definition
Nasal septum
Term
The air space housed by the external nose is referred to as what?
Definition
Nasal vestibule
Term
The nasal cavity on the skull is referred to as what?
Definition
Nasal aperture
Term
The inferior margin of the nasal aperture has a bony prominence known as what?
Definition
Anterior nasal spine
Term
The posterior openings of the nasal passages are known as what?
Definition
Choanae
Term
Two choanae join to form what in the nose?
Definition
Posterior nasal aperture
Term
What forms the roof of the nasal cavities and the superior portion of the lateral wall?
Definition
Ethmoid bone
Term
What forms the superior portion of the nasal septum?
Definition
Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
Term
Which nasal conchae are part of the ethmoid?
Definition
Superior and middle
Term
What functions to increase the surface area of the nasal mucosa?
Definition
Nasal conchae
Term
What is found in the meatuses lateral to the nasal conchae?
Definition
Openings for communication with the paranasal sinuses and the orbit
Term
The olfactory mucosa is limited to lining what part of the nasal cavity?
Definition
Superior nasal concha and the adjacent portion of the septum
Term
The respiratory mucosa is thickest over what part of the nasal cavity?
Definition
Inferior and middle concha and the septum adjacent to the middle meatus
Term
What controls the vascular plexuses of the respiratory mucosa in the nose?
Definition
Sympathetic GVE innervation from T1 which synapse at the superior cervical ganglion
Term
What is nasal cycling?
Definition
Process in which on nasal cavity is most often more congested than the other. Allows for alternating repair of damaged channels
Term
What provides blood to the nasal cavity?
Definition
Anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries from the opthalmic artery, sphenopalatine and greater palatine arteries from the maxillary artery, lateral nasal and superior labial arteries from the facial artery
Term
What area of the nose is most susceptible to nose bleeds?
Definition
Anterior inferior region of the nasal septum, known as Kiesselbach's plexus or Little's area
Term
Why is Kisselbach's plexus (aka Little's area) the most common site of nosebleeds?
Definition
Site of anastomoses of nasal arteries
Term
Nosebleeds of the posterior nasal cavity are less common and more serious and involve what artery?
Definition
Sphenopalatine artery
Term
Veins in the nose that accompany the maxillary artery drain into what?
Definition
Pterygoid plexus of veins
Term
Veins from the anterior region of the nasal cavities drain into what?
Definition
Facial vein
Term
Veins that accompany the anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries drain into what?
Definition
Ophthalmic vein
Term
What innervates the nasal septum?
Definition
Anterior ethmoidal nerve via CN V1 and posterior lateral nasal nerve via CN V2
Term
Olfactory receptor neurons reach CN I from the nasal septum by passing through what structure?
Definition
Cribiform plate of the ethmoid
Term
What are the paranasal sinuses?
Definition
Frontal sinus, maxillary sinus, sphenoid sinus, ethmoidal air cells
Term
The nasolacrimal duct drains into what part of the nasal cavity?
Definition
Inferior meatus
Term
Where is the hiatus semilunaris located and what openings are found there?
Definition
Middle meatus, contains openings of the frontonasal duct, anterior ethmoidal air cells, and the maxillary sinus
Term
The bulla ethmoidalis in the middle meatus contains an opening to what?
Definition
Middle ethmoidal air cells
Term
The posterior ethmoidal air cells drain into what?
Definition
Superior meatus
Term
The region of the pharaynx posterior to the choanae and above the soft palate is referred to as what?
Definition
Nasopharynx
Term
What is found within the mucosal coverings of the roof of the nasopharynx?
Definition
Pharyngeal tonsil
Term
The ring of lymphoid tissues around the nasal and oral openings formed by the various tonsils is referred to as what?
Definition
Waldeyer's Ring
Supporting users have an ad free experience!