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Quiz 3
core,pnf, mt,etc
125
Anatomy
Professional
08/16/2012

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Term
What is the new paradigm shift concerning training and rehab
Definition
focus is training the entire kinetic chain utilizing all planes of movement and establishing high levels of functional strength and neuromuscular efficiency
Term
What is an important component of all functional rehab programs
Definition
dynamic core stabilization
Term
What will improve dynamic postural control, ensure appropriate muscular balance and joint arthokinematics allowing for expression of dynamic functional strength and improve neuromuscular efficiency throughout the entire kinematic chain
Definition
core stabilization program
Term
The core is defined as the ___
Definition
lumbo-pelvic complex
Term
How many muscles make up the core/lumbo pelvic complex?
Definition
29
Term
With the core operating as an integrated functional unit whereby the entire kinematic chain works ___
Definition
synergistically
Term
What four mechanisms that rely on support in the lumbar spine?
Definition
1. Tension from the T/L fascia
2. Intra-abdominal pressure
3. Paraspinal muscles
4. Deep Lumbar extensors
Term
Trunk muscle ___ has been shown to be more strongly correlated with back health than trunk muscle strength
Definition
endurance
Term
Trunk ___ endurance has been found to correlate more highly with lumbar spine health than ___ endurance
Definition
extensor, flexor
Term
What are the 5 major muscles of the core
Definition
transverse abdominis, ext obliques, int obliques, rectus abdominis, erector spinae
Term
In beginning a core program you should not ___
Definition
hold your breath
Term
In beginning a core program you should hold your muscle contractions for at least ____
Definition
10 seconds
Term
How often should you preform exercises in the beginning of a core program
Definition
throughout your daily routine
Term
To activate your muscles you should push your belly ___
Definition
to your spine
Term
To activate your muscles your back should ___
Definition
not arch or remain flat
Term
When you set the deep pelvic floor you are going to instruct the patient to____
Definition
tighten the muscles as if you are going to stop urine flow
Term
When you set the deep abdominal muscles you contract ___
Definition
the lower lateral abdominal wall
Term
When setting the deep lower back you ___
Definition
bring the belly toward the spine
Term
what is bracing or setting the core
Definition
trying to contract all the muscles at once
Term
what is the beginning level core exercise?
Definition
lie down on back with knees bent and youre core muscles set before each exercise. hold 10 seconds and repaeat 30X from the start position lift one foot off the floor slowly then lower and alternate then slowly work into a lying cross crawl technique
Term
Advanced core training of the transverse abdominis would do what exercise
Definition
plank
Term
Advanced core training of the external obliques would preform what exercise
Definition
arm sweep
Term
advanced core training of the internal obliques would do what exercise
Definition
crossover crunch
Term
advanced core training of the rectus abdominis would preform what exercise
Definition
curl ups
Term
what exercises would you preform to do erector spinae core training
Definition
back extension and birddog
Term
what exercise would you preform to do quadratus lumborum core training
Definition
side bridge
Term
___is a static exercise for strengthening the abdominals, back and shoulders. Isometric strength is important for stabilizing the trunk in various sports and exercises.
Definition
the plank
Term
___the deepest layer of abdominal muscle and wraps around the whole midsection.
Definition
transverse abdominis
Term
When doing the plank you have to remember to ___
Definition
breathe, relax your neck, and no movement
Term
What are the guidelines for progression of core exercises
Definition
slow to fast
simple to complex movements
preform core in various body positions
Term
What are 5 variety of methods to train your core
Definition
matt exercises, pilates, theraball, wobble board, foam rollers
Term
____physical therapy and exercise used to extend the spine can help "centralize" the patient’s pain by moving it away from the extremities (leg or arm) to the back. Back pain is usually better tolerated than leg pain or arm pain, and the theory of the approach is that centralizing the pain allows the source of the pain to be treated rather than the symptoms.
Definition
McKenzie approach
Term
____self-healing and self-treatment are important for the patient’s pain relief and rehabilitation.
Definition
Central tenant of the mckenzie approach
Term
passive modalities of the mckenzie method are
Definition
NONE—such as heat, cold, ultrasound, medicine or needles—are used in the treatment.
Term
What is the long term goal of the McKenzie method
Definition
teach patients suffering from neck pain and/or back pain how to treat themselves and manage their own pain for life using exercise and other strategies.
Term
The McKenzie method's goal is to ___ the patients visit
Definition
minimize
Term
In order for the McKenzie method to work with its design to help patients you need the pain to
Definition
centralize
Term
What are some patients where pain would not centralize
Definition
lumbar spinal stenosis, facet joint osteoarthritis, extending the spine may actually increase their pain
Term
What is the highest clinical categories of back pain
Definition
simple back pain (90%)
Term
What is the second highest category of back pain
Definition
nerve root pathology (<10%)
Term
Serious spinal pathology incidence is in about ___%
Definition
2%
Term
What are the 3 syndromes in the mckenzie method
Definition
postural, dysfunction, derangement
Term
____characterized by intermittent pain brought on only by prolonged static loading of normal tissues.
Definition
Postural Syndrome
Term
What is essential in a postural syndrome?
Definition
time is causative component in prolonged loading
Term
Patients with postural syndrome experience how much pain and movement with activity
Definition
no pain and full rom
Term
To provoke pain in what syndrome is slumped sitting which results in prolonged end-range positioning of the joint capsules or adjacent supportive ligaments?
Definition
Postural Syndrome
Term
In this syndrome Pain is never constant and appears only as the affected structures are mechanically loaded. Pain will stop almost immediately on cessation of loading.
Definition
Dysfunction Syndrome
Term
In dysfunction syndrome where is the pain caused from?
Definition
mechanica deformation of structurally impaired tissues from either previous trauma or inflammatory degeneration process
Term
Previous trauma or inflammatory degenerative processes will result in what deformation of tissue
Definition
contraction, scarring, adherance, adaptive shortening, or imperfect repair (pain felt when loaded)
Term
In dysfunction syndrome end range stress of ___ shortened structures
Definition
adaptively
Term
In dysfunction syndromeMechanical deformation ___ produces pain at end of range
Definition
immediately
Term
In dysfunction syndrome what 5 areas could be the cause
Definition
discogenic, zygopophyseal, ligamentous, muscular, apenurosis
Term
This is the most common mechanical syndrome. Signs and symptoms may include back pain only, back and leg pain, or leg pain only.
Definition
Derangement syndrome
Term
___causes a disturbance in the normal resting position of the affected joint surfaces.
Definition
Internal derangement
Term
Internal displacement of articular tissue of whatever origin will cause pain to remain constant until
Definition
the displacement is reduced
Term
What tissue obstructs movement in derangement syndrome
Definition
displacement of articular tissue
Term
___derangement is the model used to explain the dramatic and long-lasting detrimental or beneficial responses to movement and positioning.
Definition
Intradiscal
Term
___ is no loading strategies decrease, abolish or centratise symptoms
Definition
derangement syndrome irreducible
Term
___ is loading strategies decrease, abolish, or centralize symptoms
Definition
derangement reducible
Term
___Pain only at limited end range
Definition
dysfunction adherent nerve root
Term
___ is pain only on static loading, physical exam normal
Definition
postural
Term
If a person fails to meet a spinal mechanical classification then consider
Definition
stenosis, hip, SIJ, mechanical inconclusive, spondylo, chronic pain state
Term
Derrangement and dysfunction use what three principles
Definition
extension, flexion, and lateral
Term
Postural uses what principle
Definition
postural (skips by extension, flexion and lateral)
Term
___phenomenon in which limb pain emanating from the spine is progressively abolished in a distal to proximal direction in response to therapeutic loading strategies….. indicates a good prognosis.
Definition
centralization
Term
occurs when distal symptoms are produced and remain or distal symptoms are made more severe by loading strategies without centralisation…. the prognosis is poor.
Definition
peripheralisation
Term
What are the 4 principles of managment of derangement syndrome
Definition
achive reduction, maintain reduction, recover function, train the patient in prophylaxis
Term
___ is achieved when the pain is centralized, the obstruction to motion is removed, and the condition remains better
Definition
reduction
Term
What syndrome is the intention of the treatment procedures is to produce the symptoms at end range in order to initiate a remodeling effect upon the adaptively shortened, scarred and/or fibrosed tissues. This is the “no pain, no gain” group.
Definition
Dysfunction syndrome
Term
what is the emphasis of treatment of dysfunction syndrome
Definition
to regain lost function due to the loss of tissue extensibility, and ultimately prophylactic training is emphasized
Term
What is the intent of treatment of postural syndromes
Definition
to educate the patient in the mechanism of pain production, and train the patient to correct the postural habits at fault. This includes correct postures when sitting, standing, and lying.
Term
L4 neurological testing
Definition
Tibialis anterior
Term
L5 neurological testing
Definition
Extensor hallicus longus
Term
S1 neurological testing
Definition
peroneus longus and brevis
Term
C5 muscle testing
Definition
biceps
Term
C6 muscle testing
Definition
wrist extensors
Term
C7 muscle testing
Definition
wrist flexors
Term
C8 muscle testing
Definition
interossei
Term
What are the two basic techniques of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular facilitation
Definition
Contract relax, hold relax
Term
PNF stretching combine isometric and isotonic contractions and relaxing for periods of
Definition
10 sec pushing phase followed by 10 second relaxing phase
Term
In ___ PNF the muscle is passively stretched to the point of resistance
Definition
contract relax
Term
In ___ PNF you begin with an isometric contraction, against resistance, of the muscle being stretched then relaxes that muscle and contracts the agonist of the muscle being stretched.at the same time the therapist is applying light pressure to produce maximal stretch
Definition
hold-relax
Term
Full roataion of the head followed by maximum flexion will provide PNF of the ___
Definition
semispinalis
Term
PNF of the ___ is when the head is flexed away from the side of stretch
Definition
upper traps
Term
Head is flexed forward and away from side of stretch
Definition
levator PNF
Term
Head is rotated and flexed away from side of stretch
Definition
Scalene PNF
Term
Patient with hip flexed and knee extended, doctor stands on the side of treating limb, cephalad hand on patella maintaing extension of the knee, patients leg supported on doc's shoulder
Definition
Hamstring PNF
Term
Modified thomas test with resistance towards torso
Definition
iliopsoas PNF
Term
modified thomas test with resistance of leg hanging off outward
Definition
rectus femoris pnf
Term
side lying and patient is resisted abduction
Definition
TFL PNF
Term
foot crosses over the knee and doc is pressing towards pts head while they push back out
Definition
piriformis pnf
Term
patient prone and leg is flexed and resistance is applied to push it back down
Definition
quad pnf
Term
both knees flexed into the chest with the doctor applying pressure from knees down into the table
Definition
erector spinae pnf
Term
What plays a key role in posture and spinal stabilization of the NMS system
Definition
breathing
Term
where is the importance of the axiom of the governing function more apparent
Definition
respiration
Term
what are the three factors that control breathing mechanics
Definition
biomechanical, biochemical, psychosocial
Term
Biomechanical factors of breathing are
Definition
rib head fixations, upper/lower cross
Term
Biochemical factors of breathing are
Definition
allergy, poor diet, hormone influences, kidney problems
Term
Psychosocial factors of breathing are
Definition
chronic anxiety, anger, depression
Term
how many muscles are associated with respiration
Definition
20 different muscles
Term
what are the two most common muscles at fault for faulty respiration
Definition
scalenes, upper trapezius
Term
in repiratory faults the abdominal movement is
Definition
paradoxical (abs move "in")
Term
to train normal rhythm the patient should train it __ times
Definition
2X per day for 10-20 breaths
Once per hour for 2-3 breaths
Term
: is the ability to move a single joint or series of joints smoothly and easily through an unrestricted, pain-free ROM
Definition
Flexibility
Term
What are the two types of flexibility
Definition
dynamic and passive
Term
refers to the decrease or restricted motion.
Definition
hypomobility
Term
the adaptive shortening of the muscle-tendon unit and other soft tissue that cross or surround a joint that results in significant resistance to passive or active stretch and limitation of ROM and it may compromise functional abilities.
Definition
contracture
Term
: is a sensory organ located near the musculotendinous junctures of muscle fibers. They function to monitor changes in tension of muscle-tendon units.
Definition
Golgi Tendon Organ
Term
This occurs when tissue is taken to the end of its ROM, and gentile stretch is applied. There is complete recovery to original size and shape when load is released.
Definition
Elastic range or linear phase
Term
The point beyond which the tissue does not return to its original shape and size.
Definition
elastic limit
Term
The range beyond the elastic limit extending to the point of rupture. Tissue strained in this range has permanent deformation when the stress is released.
Definition
plastic range
Term
Rupture of the integrity of the tissue
Definition
failure
Term
When a load is applied for an extended period of time, the tissue enlongates, resulting in permanent deformation….it is therefore time-dependent. Complete recovery from creep may occur over time
Definition
creep
Term
ROM is limited because soft tissues have lost their extensibility as the result of adhesions, contractures, scar tissue, causing functional limitations.
Definition
Indication for stretching
Term
Contraindications for stretching are
Definition
A bony block limits joint motion.
Recent fracture
Evidence of acute inflammatory or infectious process.
There is sharp, acute pain with joint movement
Hematoma or other tissue trauma
Hypermobility
Shortened soft tissue provide necessary joint stability in lieu of normal structural stability.
Shortened soft tissues enable a patient with paralysis or severe muscle weakness to perform specific functional otherwise not possible.
Term
___can improve flexibility and increase ROM. Injury prevention or risk reduction, prevention of post exercise muscle soreness, and enhanced performance also have been attributed to stretching.
Definition
stretching
Term
the highest amount of proprioception is found in the
Definition
foot, spine, and upper cervical
Term
where was the first alignment injures studied and what were they called
Definition
sprained ankles "articular de-afferentation" by freeman
Term
joint pathology limits the joint in what areas
Definition
mechanical stability and it diminishes the quality of the restraint system rendering it unstable
Term
because of the loss of mechanical restraint from the injury the joint develops a
Definition
traumatic memory or muscle memory of dysfunction
Term
In order to restore dynamic stability, one must employ
Definition
simulated positions of vulnerability in a controlled and progressive manner
Term
what are three ways to evaluate for proprioception loss
Definition
stand bare feet eyes open then closed, then march with cross crawl with eyes open and closed
Term
exercise training of proprioception is specifically directed towards
Definition
conditioning and ordination of spinal structures for spinal balance
Term
what training stimulates the proprioceptive pathways for the muscles and joints
Definition
agility training
Term
proprioceptive training is designed to
Definition
stimulate mechanoreceptor afferents from the tissue site to the CNS to re-educate subcortical motor patterns.
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